From the Paper
"The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) has become a target of some of the Republican leadership in congress. It has long been a target of certain conservative groups either opposed to government funding of the arts as such or opposed to certain manifestations of that funding, such as performances or works of art considered obscene by the critics. In the Senate, Senator Jesse Helms has been a leading voice against the agency. A number of newly elected congressmen are bent on pushing through various conservative issues now that Republicans are in charge of Congress for the first time in four decades. However, the division over the NEA is not simply a case of right versus left, and there are arguments for and against government funding of the arts on both sides of the political spectrum.

The National Endowment for the Arts and the National ..."

From the Paper
"The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) has become a key funding source for all kinds of artistic endeavors across the country. For many it has been a savior at the taxpayers' expense; for others, an ill-conceived bureaucracy that should never have been created. However, it has survived and if Congress has its way it will continue to do so, but at a more controlled level. The purpose of this report will be to discuss the state of the arts in America as it relates to the NEA and the government's right to insert itself in the grand selection process by placing restrictions on what artists can do. In other words, government could be determining what is art and what isn't art, a situation causing much consternation among those in and outside of the arts. And, if government does have the right, what does this mean for the art world?"

From the Paper
"The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is responsible for funding many art projects throughout the United States. Recently, controversy has arisen concerning the group's funding of what right-wing fundamentalists consider "pornographic" art. As reported by NEA chair John Frohnmayer: "A dozen arts professionals in Seattle were informed that 'political realities' make it likely I will have to veto some grants recommended by the Endowment's peer panels.". These "political realities" come in the form of protests from people like Pat Robertson and Senator Jesse Helms who feel the NEA has recently funded some artists' works depicting what they consider "obscenity."
The NEA has funded many worthwhile projects in communities all over the country, for example, orchestras performing Brahms and Prokofiev's "Peter and the Wolf." However, shows exhibiting..."

Abstract
This paper explains that National Socialism was under the control of Hitler. The author points out that the National Socialism ideology considered modern art to be useless; therefore, only a classical view or romantic conception was allowed. The paper relates that the main link between art and the ideology of National Socialism is found in the synchronization policy.

From the Paper
"National Socialism focused on and enforced the link between Romantic ideals and a new vision for Germany. Nazi Germany, along with Italy and Russia, rejected avant-garde art and stipulated regulations for artistic expression. These countries "were driven by utopian ideals and shared a common lineage in the traditions of messianic socialism" (Elliott 14). National Socialism in Germany was obsessed with a singular vision of the future. Ideology toward that end was an ongoing synthesis to meet the needs of the new Reich, and art was made subservient to ideology in order to promote and express the same vision."

Tags:art, nationalismsocialism, ideology

Abstract
The paper relates that the article "Reading at Risk" is a report on a survey conducted by the US Census Bureau in 2002 at the request of the National Endowment of the Arts (NEA). The paper explains that the survey reported on investigates how many adults over the age of 18 who have attended an artistic performance, visited a museum, watched a broadcast of an art program and/or read literature. The survey had a 17,000 individual population. The Census Bureau conducted the most comprehensive poll focused on literature and art ever documented ("Reading At Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America", 2004).

From the Paper
"The article "Reading at Risk" is a report on a survey conducted by the US Census Bureau in 2002 at the request of the National Endowment of the Arts (NEA). The survey reported on investigates how many adults over the age of 18 who have attended an artistic performance, visited a museum, watched a broadcast of an art program and/or read literature. The survey had a 17,000 individual population. The Census Bureau conducted the most comprehensive poll focused on literature and art ever documented ("Reading At Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America", 2004). The size of the sample population gives the survey a strong foundation in..."

Tags:reading, in, america

Abstract
This paper examines how, forming part of the propaganda machine, art and architecture were used largely for the glorification of the Nazi regime and the Aryan race and for the denunciation of Judaism, Bolshevism and what the Nazis thought of as "degeneracy." The paper looks at how, by enforcing changes in the art world and through the use of "new German" architecture, the Nazis sought to cleanse the fatherland of "degenerate art", which was seen as detrimental to the Volk, and to ensure the National Socialist movement's immortality through buildings that would survive to inspire future generations of the thousand year Reich.

From the Paper
"Art held a place of high value in National Socialist ideology. Hitler who was an artist turned politician inspite of himself had said "art is the only truly enduring investment of human labour." Hitler linked artistic styles with race, claiming that the Weimar period's "degenerate art" was a result of "racial decline." The Fuhrer also linked art with politics saying "art has at all times been the expression of an ideological and religious experience and at the same time the expression of political will." According to Nazi ideology, only Aryans were the true bearers of culture, therefore only they could produce true art. The modern styles such as Cubism, Dadaism and Expressionism, which had flourished during the Weimar period were a result of "cultural Bolshevism" and influenced by the Jews. "

Tags:aryan, Judaism, Bolshevism, Fuhrer

Abstract
This paper looks at the National Standards for Arts Education as a place to start in assessing any state's interest in and support of arts education. The paper explains that to assess New Jersey's positioning on the canvas of American arts education, the debate and its contributions were analyzed for the past decade; the findings were unequivocal that arts education has a place not only in humanities teaching, but also in creating an atmosphere in which all children can achieve. It explains that wealthier school districts are more likely to retain arts programs under pressure, although it is the disadvantaged districts that would most benefit. The entire issue is assessed in terms of the possibilities post-NCLB, and the current progress of the states in terms of adopting the National Standards for Arts Education are also discussed. The writer concludes that it appears that New Jersey has at least nominally found a niche among the states more dedicated to providing arts education. It remains to be seen whether that education will be of the 'media' sort, or the more substantive arts education that demands continued student/teacher involvement in pursuit of generalized goals contributive to developing an aesthetic sense and possibly some mastery in an arts area.
Chapter I: Statement of Problem
National Standards for Arts Education: History
The Standards Themselves
Budget Issues
Quantitative Information
Qualitative Findings
Chapter II: Literature Review
Merits of Fine Arts Education
Educational Reform and Arts Education
How to Conduct Arts Education
The Standards Themselves
References
Appendix A: New Jersey Standards for Arts Education
Appendix B: U.S. Hunger in the Year 2000
Appendix C: Jasmine's Story
List of Tables
Table 2.1: States requiring arts credits for high school graduation
Table 2.2: Mandatory Status of Arts Education by State
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Reasons to Support Arts Education: New Jersey
Figure 1.2: Budgeted Funds for Arts Expenditures by Type of School
Figure 1.3: Budgeted Funds for Arts Expenditures by School Size
Figure 1.4: Budgeted Funds for Arts Expenditures by Region

From the Paper
"Four years ago, discussion concerning the place and presence of fine arts education in public schools would have been primarily a discussion of the need for the curricula in the first place and the financing of it. In the early 1990s, discussion of National Standards for arts education became prevalent in the professional media. Since the start of the Bush administration's No Child Left Behind initiatives, however, any public discussion of the present and future of arts programs in public schools is clouded by a new dominant educational debate; the new debate concerns whether NCLB signals the death-knell of learning in U.S. public schools, or is a way to raise up the academically disadvantaged. While this investigation does not attempt to find the definitive answer to that question, there is little doubt that the fact and progress of NCLB will have an impact, and arguably a negative one, on fine arts education generally. Whether it is having or has had a negative impact on fine and performing arts education in New Jersey is a proper question for the current research, however. It is probable that the answers to a statewide survey of fine arts faculty conducted for this investigation will help resolve it. Indeed, the question to be answered is how well New Jersey's Fine Arts Programs compare to National Standards, allowing for classification differences within the state."

Tags:school, administration, public, parent, teacher

Abstract
This paper presents a classical argument that the current policy towards arts education is harming the arts discipline. Specifically, this paper argues that by stressing the usefulness of an arts education, policy makers and educators who are trying to get more funding are actually marginalizing and undermining the arts by making the arts into a supportive skill set rather than a discipline in its own right.

From the Paper
"In today's education system, the arts are often either minimized as unimportant or are translated into a "useful" discipline on par with the sciences in order to justify continued spending on arts courses. This places educators in a difficult position. Either they must make claims that the arts are utilitarian or risk facing program cutbacks or even shut-downs of arts programs. Although policy makers and educators can gain funding in the short term by depicting arts education as practical and useful, and although there can be little doubt that the arts do have useful applications, this approach tends to marginalize and harm arts education in the long run by making the arts into an auxiliary solution rather than a valuable discipline in its own right."

Tags:arts, classic, argument

Abstract
This paper examines music and arts programs, explaining how they benefit students. It discusses why such programs are at risk and offers solutions for saving music and arts programs.

From the Paper
"Music and arts programs have long been on the periphery in terms of receiving monetary support and the endorsement of schools. This is ostensibly because both parents and school administrators tend to regard such programs as somewhat ..."

Tags:music, art, arts, benefits, education, funding