Abstract
Ethical Intuitionists philosophers espouse a meta-ethical theory that holds that some value terms, such as good, are indefinable and unanalyzable. This paper explores the views of philosopher G. E. Moore on ethical intuitionism in his work "Principia Ethica" and for his role in the formation of the "Naturalistic Fallacy" - where natural properties and only natural properties are attributed to what constitutes the value of good.

From the Paper
"When many of us speak of intuition, we seem to view it as a process by which we attain an instant apprehension of truth. But Moore cautions us differently and points out that cognitions obtained via intuition are as susceptible to error as cognitions obtained empirically or experimentally. If they are, and there is much evidence to agree with him, doesn't this suggest that intuition is "obtained" via some deductive or reasoning or empirical process? What, then, is happening when two people disagree about the nature of good? How can we decide who is right and who is wrong? Must we simply abandon our efforts to find a resolution? That both sides could be right Moore rules out, since he views good as an objective quality. But are so many of us so ill-equipped that only some of us can intuit the true nature of good? Surely not; surely the problem lies with the theory."

Tags:goodness, yellow, experience

Abstract
The goal of positivistic science is prediction of how the natural world operates. An opposing paradigm of science is the approach taken by Henry Thoreau and John Muir. The paper shows that in naturalistic science, those analyzing the natural world make no distinction between thoughts and values. They are much more concerned with the "why" of nature as opposed to the "how" aspect of positivistic science. The paper shows that, as a result, naturalistic science is completely value laden and each individual naturalist scientist encompasses his own world views into his description of how the natural world operates.

From the Paper
"For naturalists, the only true way to obtain a taste of nature is to actually live with nature and not separate oneself from its workings. This quote emphasizes how values are an important facet in doing this; by removing oneself from natural surroundings, i.e. moving to the city, one loses the actual relationship that exists between humanity and nature. Humans must be involved in the whole process of nature in order to enjoy it fully. For Thoreau, general truths or the laws concerning nature are also relevant to human truths."

Tags:walden, Pantheist, holistic

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses David Sachs' article "A Fallacy in Plato's Republic". The writer shows Sachs' belief that Plato's argument in terms of his discussion of justice is radically flawed due to the fallacy of irrelevance. Further, the writer points out that Sachs argues that Plato fails to make a connection between the two types of justice discussed in the 'Republic'.

From the Paper
"David Sachs, in his article "A Fallacy in Plato's Republic", contends that Plato's argument in terms of his discussion of justice - one of the key elements of the Republic - is radically flawed due to the fallacy of irrelevance. By this, Sachs argues that Plato fails to make a connection between the two types of justice discussed in the Republic and that, instead of proving that justice is valuable in itself he argues only that it is valuable in its effects."

Tags:plato, justice, republic

Abstract
This paper uses William Faulkner's short story "Barn Burning" to discuss the contention that in naturalistic fiction characters end up tragically because of a conflict between heredity and environment.

From the Paper
"Current-Garcia and Patrick maintain that in naturalistic fiction human fate is determined by the interplay between inherited and inward traits and environment or outward circumstances. When the two are in conflict as they usually are in naturalistic fiction the character is doomed to suffer tragic consequences Few short stories illustrate this conflict better than William Faulkner's' Barn Burning'. This analysis will use 'Barn Burning' to demonstrate this conflict and other aspects of naturalistic literature that lead to Abner Snopes' downfall. The conflict between heredity ..."

Tags:Faulkner, Sartoris, Abner Snopes, arson, blood ties, kin, heredity, lower-classes

Abstract
The paper focuses on the analogy used by Paley, regarding the watch and the watchmaker, as a basis for the design argument evidence of the existence of god. The paper examines the argument, explains it, and points out the fallaciousness of the analogy--specifically the lack of tenability of an extrapolation that is based on the human mind both recognizing the process at work in creation and the purpose for its existence.

From the Paper
"How do we know that God exists? Is it sufficient to feel that He does? To believe? To attribute certain experiences or occurrences or sights in our every day lives to Him? Do we have to have proof? And, if so, what proof can possibly be conclusive? The design argument, as explained in both William Paley's "The Watch and the Watchmaker" and in David Hume's "A Critique of the Design Argument" attempts to do just that. It attempts to rationalize the universe and nature as one gigantic scientific and experimental proof of the existence of God, through the extrapolation of a design feature within it. This paper will explain the features of the..."

Tags:design, existence, god

Abstract
This paper reviews relationships between logical fallacies, critical thinking, and decision-making. The paper also identifies three logical fallacies and looks at how critical thinking is applied to the decision-making process with regard to each fallacy.

From the Paper
"In this paper three logical fallacies are defined. The significance of each logical fallacy to the process of critical thinking is explained and the general application of critical thinking to decision-making with respect to each logical fallacy is discussed. A logical fallacy is an argument that is defective because of faulty reasoning. Essentially, a logical fallacy occurs when one draws a conclusion from statements that do not in fact support the conclusion. The presence of a logical fallacy does not necessarily..."

Tags:Logical, Fallacy, Critical, Thinking, Decision-Making

Abstract
In this paper, three different observations are done: verbal, non-verbal and a mix of verbal and non-verbal observations. Each begins with a brief description of the setting followed by the subject and the observations made.

From the Paper
"Setting: The observation took place circa 1970s according to the style of clothing worn by the people in the room and the picture of President Carter on the wall. The location was in a government building, possibly an interrogation room used by immigration services. The subject was an adult male who was in the room along with four other men pacing around and behind him while they asked the subject questions. Subject Description: The subject appeared to be between 30 to 40 years old, Caucasian, with brown hair and brown eyes. He has a scar running diagonally across his left eyebrow and another over his left cheekbone."

Tags:naturalistic, observation, psychology

Abstract
In this paper, the clever finality of this story which Shulman imparts on the narrator is that Polly has actually been trained well enough to actually refute the very man trying to impose his authority over her. According to this paper, all of the logic that has been taught to her is now used against the narrator, as Polly logically breaks down his sexism through the logic she has come to learn.

From the Paper
"In this literary study the short story "Love is a Fallacy" by Max Shulman will be analyzed. By critically pointing out the sexist nature of the narrator of the tale, Shulman uses arguments based on logic. However, the narrator's inability to realize his own hypocrisy in gaining a "trophy wife" through treachery and guise devolves his misogynist actions and behaviors. In essence, "Love is a Fallacy" uses hypocrisy, sexism and logic to create a devolving tale of a college student with an inferior intellect. The beginning of Shulman's story reflects an arrogant young college student who thinks that he is superior to his roommate, Petey Bellows. The first part of the story revolves around the narrator's inability to see how Petey is easily susceptible to `fads' on campus. Shulman writes: A nice enough fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs."

Tags:shulman, love, fallacy

Abstract
The paper outlines Margaret Wente's thesis and then discusses her faulty Appeal to Authority (using an authority figure who is really not an authority figure) and her implicit Appeal to Antiquity (she seems to dismiss progressive education as a fad without examining what substantive benefits it might offer to students). The paper then concludes by noting that her article does illuminate the faulty Appeal to Popularity and Naturalistic Fallacy that both inform the position of those squarely in the progressive education camp when it comes to teaching children communication skills. The paper asserts that the article is flawed, but does have a few merits.

From the Paper
"The following paper will provide a rhetorical analysis of Margaret Wente's article, "Earth to Parent: Not All Kids Are Equal." The paper will outline her thesis and then discuss her faulty Appeal to Authority (using an authority figure who is really not an authority figure) and her implicit Appeal to Antiquity (she seems to dismiss progressive education as a fad without examining what substantive benefits it might offer to students). The paper will then conclude by noting that her article does illuminate the faulty Appeal to Popularity and Naturalistic Fallacy that both inform..."

Tags:margaret, wente, kids

Abstract
An analysis of three examples of logical fallacies as applied to comments on the record of public discourse regarding the Iraq war and same-sex marriage.

From the Paper
"The modern public political discourse provides ample examples of logical fallacies that have significance for the fate of critical thinking not to say the fate of the republic . These examples are the subject of this research "

Tags:slippery, slope, fallacy, critical, thinking, appeal, to, ignorance, fallacy, appeal, to, authority, fallacy