Abstract
This paper is a general sketch about how modernism developed after World War I, with strong influence by 19th Century realism and naturalism. There is a description of firstly, the development of realism, and secondly, the development of naturalism, which leads to the beginnings of modernism and its purpose.

From the Paper
"After World War I, American people and the authors among them were left disillusioned by the effects that war had on their society. America needed a literature that would explain what had happened previously and what was happening to their society. American writers turned to what is now known as modernism. The influence of 19th Century realism and naturalism and their truthful representation of American life and people was evident in post World War I modernism. "

Tags:change, modernism, naturalism, realism, WW1, WWl

Abstract
This paper offers two distinct critiques of Puritan literature. The first critique examines a letter by John Smith to one of his investors, who was complaining about a lack of return on his investment in the New World. The letter is compared with a similar one by Christopher Columbus to the Queen of Spain. The second critique highlights the nature of domestic relationships in a Puritan community in a poem by Anne Bradstreet.

Tags:puritan, literature, critiques

Abstract
This paper looks at a classic example of naturalism within literature by examining London's short story. It analyzes this story which was published in "The Century Magazine" in 1908 with its themes of the fragility of human survival and the ways in which we as humans are defined by the ways in which we are at odds with the rest of nature. The paper examines how this story epitomizes all the typical characteristics of 'naturalism.'

From the Paper
"In literature, Naturalism extended the tradition of realism, aiming at an even more faithful, unselective representation of reality. It is not coincidental that the rise of Naturalism should follow the rise of photography as an artform (and as a technological possibility), for both photography and naturalism (whether in literature or in the visual arts) attempted to give to the audience or reader a sense of looking at unmediated, uncreated life. Jack London does not want us to remember that we are reading a story that he has made up, but rather he wishes to give us the sense that we ourselves are there. His writing is meant to be invisible, presented to us like a documentary photograph without moral judgment."

Tags:nature, human, character

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that when Kate Chopin wrote 'The Awakening', several themes were popular in literature. One of these was naturalism, or the belief that natural forces, such as heredity, environment and physical and emotional drives motivate people to act as they do. The writer points out that "The Awakening" includes numerous examples of how naturalism impacts character Edna Pontellier's values, thoughts and actions. More importantly, the book shows what happens when one's natural inclinations conflict with an awakening of unconventional and "unnatural" desires. The writer relates that ironically, it is the sea, a true part of nature, which carries Edna away for the very last time and allows her to disappear forever from her internal conflicts. The writer concludes that in the end, according to Chopin, nature wins.

From the Paper
"In Victorian times, women were primarily recognized as mothers and wives or, as in The Awakening, even possessions of their husband. In several instances, the book's characters confirm this role. For example, in an early scene, Mr. Pontellier criticizes Edna for not attending her sick child and worries that she is not a proper mother. Although these demands on women are part of the patriarchal society, they are based on the belief that women bear the children in the human species and have, or should have, an innate need to nurture and protective their children."
"Edna is a complex character who has many sides to her nature. Part of her recognizes the need, in fact is inwardly driven, to be a good mother."

Tags:natural, forces, motivate, nurture

Abstract
The paper examines "Maria Chapdelaine" by Louis Hermon, "The Tin Flute" by Gabrielle Roy and "Pelagie-la-charrette" by Antonine Maillet and shows how these novels demonstrate the themes of Quebecois literature that include nature, family, values, religion and exploration. The paper also points out that there is always a fight, whether for self-identity, pride, the land or love, and though the characters don't always reach their goals, they serve as a symbol of the strength and beauty of the Quebecois people.

From the Paper
"The art and culture of Quebec is complex, and perpetually changing. However, several themes stand through time and are featured almost always in well-known literary works that can be considered the foundation of the Quebecois novel; among these themes are nature, family, values and religion, and exploration. As centuries went on and Quebec received influence from the trends in art from Europe and America, literary works started to explore the themes of hardship, strength, revolution, enlightenment, and love and romance, as well as many more. The three novels discussed in class typify 20th century Quebec literature, yet they define their genre at the same time."

Tags:nature, family, values, exploration, revolution, enlightenment, love

Abstract
This paper examines how, in metaphysical theory, naturalism is a term used to refer to the idea that all things can be explained by natural phenomena, rather than supernatural ones, and how this theory holds that the universe is a vast machine with no interest or cause beyond itself. It analyzes this theory in relation to the books, "In Our Time" by Ernest Hemingway, "As I Lay Dying" by William Faulkner, and "Babylon Revisited" by F. Scott Fitzgerald. In all three works, it shows how naturalism is depicted not only through language, but also through the subject matter, since all the protagonists have forces against them, which are equally outside of their control.

From the Paper
"The subject of Hemingway's stories is World War I, a subject often written about at the time. What set Hemingway's stories apart from the others are his naturalistic style, as well as the philosophical concerns of this theory. The war is depicted as something beyond the control of the main characters. It is also confusing, as demonstrated through the author's narrative flow, which is often confusing. The main character in many of the stories is Nick Adams. Nick, like the rest of the characters, is often at the mercy of forces outside himself. These include not only universal forces, but also the forces within society. His early lessons in "Indian Camp" for example are due to social forces beyond his control, as is the War."

Tags:babylon, dying, time, our, supernatural, forces

Abstract
Describes Naturalism, its principles and methods. Influence of natural science. Comparison with Realism. Applies the literary style to work of Jack London. Uses his 1908 short story, "To Build A Fire" as an example. Views on heredity and biological determinism giving rise to simple characters dominated by strong passions.

From the Paper
"Usually in the realms of literature and the arts each major movement can be seen as a rebellion against whatever came before it, so Romanticism upstages Classicism, only to be done in in turn by Realism as people weary of the excesses of one style only to rush headlong into the excesses of its opposite. But sometimes it happens that one style is replaced by an even more extreme version of itself, as was the case when Realism in literature and the visual arts was replaced in the late 19th- and early 20th-centuries by Naturalism, a movement that was inspired by adaptation of the principles and methods of natural science, especially the Darwinian view of nature. One of the most perfect examples of this movement is Jack London s short story To Build A Fire , published in The Century Magazine in 1908 with its themes of the fragility of human survival and the ways in which we as ..."

Abstract
In Victorian literature, realism followed the age of romanticism and realism quickly evolved into naturalism, practiced by many authors of the time, including Jack London, Mark Twain, Charles Dickens, Jane Austen and Sinclair Lewis. This paper introduces "Victorian Prose and Poetry" in which the authors Lionel Trilling and Harold Bloom discuss the issues of compromise and realism within Victorian literature. They show that the Victorian authors wrote realistically about life and compromised with just enough romanticism to get people to read and enjoy what they wrote.

From the Paper
"Compromise is also an important component of Victorian literature. Many Victorian writers, such as Dickens, compromised between Romanticism and Realism, trying to find a balance in their beliefs and how they portrayed them to their audience of readers. Times and culture was changing when these writers wrote, and they had to discover ways to compromise between staid Victorian culture and the modern culture that was rapidly following it. Morals were becoming less strict, and Victorian principles were being replaced with more realistic and modern beliefs. The writers at the end of the Victorian era helped illustrate the changes that were happening, and the compromises that people were making to blend the old and new belief systems."

Tags:Arthur, Christopher, Benson, London, Wordsworth

Abstract
This paper examines the nature of American literature. The paper explains that American literature, like many other nationalistic literary bodies has had an evolution that marks changing attitudes with regard to what is to be included in the voice of literature. The paper then looks at how the representation of both women and African-American writers is not the only body of inclusion, as contemporary movements have made significant strides toward the inclusion of almost every immigrant group into the canon of American literature and into the body of publishing in general in history and contemporary works. The paper also points out that the defining characteristics of what qualifies as American Literature is simply that it is a written form, poetry, prose or drama that conveys any point of view of the American experience of growth and change. The writer states that frequently some of the most fundamentally expressive forms of American literature are immigrant literature that explores the real and fictional development of the self, from an immigrant outsider to someone who feels as if they are an American, regardless of the outside view of themselves as a foreigner. The paper concludes that American literature should continue to be inclusive and representative of personal nationalistic growth, as a standard bearer for other forms of nationalistic literature.

From the Paper
"In all representations of immigrant literature there is a clear sense that at almost any given time in America there was a dominant or subjugated immigrant group that was struggling to be accepted by those who had immigrated one, two or three generations before them. America is a nation of immigrants and American literature is finally beginning to express this, without as much of the exclusionary literary academic influences. The transition of an immigrant into and "American" in the self is frequently one of the most important and influential expression of literature, from Latino American literature, to Asian American immigrant expressions."

Tags:immigrant, expression, influences, nationalistic

Abstract
During the period of 1830-1860, a new genre in America literature emerged, called the Southwestern Humor genre. This new form of literature illustrates and discusses issues and themes that are depicted effectively through humor and exaggeration. Southwestern humor is also remarkable in its ability to effectively mirror the social landscape of the Southwestern region of the United States. In the study and analysis of Southwestern Humor genre, important themes that can be found are the social, political and psychological illustrations and portrayals in the story, all of which are reflections of the writer's perception of his or her society. This paper uses as an example the work of Thomas Bangs Thorpe, entitled, "The Big Bear of Arkansas." This short story focuses on Jim Doggett, who earned the title of "The Big Bear of Arkansas" because of his extraordinary skill in hunting bears. The story tackles the themes of the protagonist's affinity with nature, the rural and natural life and Arkansas, as well as the conflict between nature and civilization. This paper discusses these three themes in accordance to its social, political and psychological perspectives. The paper also shows that the short story illustrates the social issues of rural life and conflict between civilization and development and nature; the political orientation of Arkansas as a rural society; and the character portrayal of Jim Doggett as an individual who has close affinity with nature.

From the Paper
"Hunting and planting are both symbols of the social progress that human civilization has undergone for many years. Hunting is a symbol for man's primitive nature, while planting is equated with progress (as man learned to live a sedentary life). Thus, Thorpe illustrates Arkansas as a place where nature takes control instead of human civilization and wherein hunting and leading a "primitive life" with nature is still evident through Jim Doggett's character. Doggett's failure to plant crops in his place illustrates how progress did not develop in Arkansas. In effect, because of the underdevelopment of urbanism, the state remained one of the "primitive" regions in America where humans are one with nature."

Tags:Fred, Williams, Arkansaw