Abstract This paper explains that NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationNATO is an alliance of the United States, Canada and a number of West European states that came into being in the wake of the Second World War.
The author points out that, with the i primary objective is to defend Western Europe from the perceived threat of the Soviet Union, NATO is the most powerful and arguably the most effective military alliance in history. The paper relates that, dominated by the superpower of the United States, the NATO alliance won the Cold War to the extent that it is expanding by incorporating former adversary states from the Soviet dominated and now defunct Warsaw Pact.
From the Paper "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), an alliance of the United States, Canada, and a number of West European states that came into being in the wake of the Second World War with its primary objective being to defend Western Europe from the perceived threat of the Soviet Union, is the most powerful - and arguably the most effective - military alliance in history. Dominated by the superpower of the United States, the NATO alliance "won" the Cold War to the extent that it has begun expanding by incorporating former adversary states from the Soviet-dominated and now defunct Warsaw Pact."
Abstract This paper focuses on the history and role of NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization (NATO). This pact ensures that the member nations would provide military support to each other if and when the need arises. Currently the alliance has 19 members and while expansion provides the members nations with increased strength, it is considered a threat by all non-member countries.
Abstract This paper examines the development and purpose of NATO (NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization), and elements of success and failure in its role. It considers the role of NATO in the Cold War era as contributing to but not decisive in preventing an East-West confrontation. It also discusses failures and successes in the Balkans during the 1990s and concludes with current state of NATO and future prospects.
From the Paper "NATO the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established by treaty in as a joint defense pact among Canada, the US, the UK, France and several smaller Western European countries. The ..."
Abstract This paper will discuss the nature of the NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization. By understanding the various functions of the organization, along with its history, we can realize its ultimate purpose in the scope of world politics.
Abstract This paper discusses the Clinton administration's political, strategic and ideological motivations for supporting NATO expansion and whether the future of NATO will be as a collective defense pact or as a vehicle for democratic expansion.
From the paper:
"On March 16, 1999, the flags of the first three ex-communist countries to gain admission to the NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization ? Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic ? were hoisted above NATO headquarters in Brussels, marking the final act in the first stage of NATO expansion. Fifty years after its creation, with former Warsaw Pact members joining what began as an anti-Soviet alliance, NATO's original purpose of keeping "the Americans in, the Russians out, and the Germans down" seems to no longer apply. The Russians no longer possess the ability (and some would argue the desire) to realistically threaten European security. With growing assertiveness in European affairs, the Germans are not ?down,? but their increased role in politics, economics, and security of Europe does not inspire the panic it would have so soon after World War II when the alliance was formed."
Abstract This paper examines how the role of NATO has changed since the end of the Cold War. The paper tells us that, with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, one might have expected that NATO would quietly fade into the background of world affairs, joining the legion of other defunct political institutions. However, this was not how the 1990s played out. Instead, NATO was expanded and given new life through new expansionist policies meant to secure peace and stability throughout non-NATO Europe. The paper goes on to suggest that this transformation, however, has not secured peace but instead serves only to extend and reinforce Western, particularly U.S., interests in Central and Eastern Europe.
From the Paper "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has survived an unimaginable turn of events, from an institutional standpoint. NATO was designed to give the United States and Western Europe a collective defensive front against Soviet aggression, particularly in Eastern and Central Europe. NATO was a foil to the Soviet Warsaw Pact and existed as such predominantly throughout the Cold War. Its raison d'etre was to provide mutual defense for its member nations. "
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that the NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization (NATO) and the Marshall Plan played an instrumental role in the Cold War. The writer first describes NATO and the Marshall Plan. The writer notes that the research found that the Marshall Plan was developed in an effort to assist in the rebuilding of European nations following two World Wars. The research also found that NATO is an alliance that was created following the Marshall plan and that NATO was designed to ensure security and stability for the nations that are a part of the alliance. The writer concludes that the research indicates that the Marshall Plan and NATO created a strong alliance between the democratic superpowers led by the United States.
Outline:
Introduction
NATO and the Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan
The Connection between NATO and the Marshall Plan
NATO the Marshall Plan and how they affected the Cold War
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Marshall Plan was first brought to the attention of the world in 1947 through a speech presented at Harvard by Secretary of State George C. Marshall. The Marshall plan was formulated following World War II and the purpose of the plan was to assist Europe in rebuilding. According to the United States Department of State, the Marshall plan proposed that the United States give $20 billion to European Nations for relief. However, the monetary contribution was dependent upon the ability of European nations to work together to develop a plan concerning how the money was to be used."
"The Marshall marked the first time that Europe had to act as a unified economic unit. Initially the Marshall Plan offered aid to the Soviet Union and its allies; however, Stalin rejected the plan as a hoax and would not participate."
Abstract This paper examines the development of the European Union's (EU)Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) since the Maastricht Treaty. It aims to determine how successful these institutional developments have been in addressing current security challenges. The paper also identifies how these processes are affecting the respective members of the EU and NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization (NATO).
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Recent Trends and Events
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper "The research showed that most observers did not expect the process to be seamless or trouble-free, but it would seem that the trends clearly indicate that the Europeanization process continues to move forward in inexorable ways, with the need for establishing a viable mechanism to provide for mutual defense representing one of the more compelling reasons in support of the process. While the nations of Europe have historically sought out such alliances for their mutual defense, the process has expanded in recent years to include many former adversaries that appeared to represent a step in the right direction for ensuring a prosperous future for all members of the EU. Alas, the war on terrorism is not going to be finished anytime soon and defense will likely remain at the forefront of the move toward a United States of Europe that reflects the mutual but diverse interests of its members."
Abstract In an effort to determine whether or not the United States led NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization (NATO) was correct in their intervention in Kosovo, along humanitarian lines, this paper presents information on the history, background and religions of the region and the crisis. The paper also considers the implications concerning state sovereignty that arise from the intervention, as well as NATO's background and purpose regarding questions of international law.
Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Historical Context of Kosovo
The World War II Period and Beyond
What Sort of War is it?
The Clinton Doctrine
The Motivations of U.S. Led NATO Forces
The Conduct of the War and World Involvement
Other Important Points Concerning U.S. and NATO External Self-Determination and International Community
The Formation of New States
The Reasoning for the Action as it Unfolds
Some of the Consequences
International Law from the Interventionist Viewpoint
The Interventionist's Critical Question of Genocide
The Demonizing of Milosevic
The Story from the Yugoslav Point of View
Conclusions Then and Now
From the Paper "The Serbs however finally liberated Kosovo from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, and as expected, reprisals and the expulsion of the Albanian settlers who had been previously patronized by the Ottomans accompanied this liberation. Indeed, the ethnic cleansing, murders and other atrocities were actually far worse in this period than in the present although few outside the region knew of them. Moreover, few really concerned themselves with the problems until the First World War that actually originated in the Balkan region."
Abstract The paper is divided up into three sections. The first section is a brief history of the events that led up to De Gaulle's decision to withdraw France from NATO. His opinions are given, as well as the pros and cons of having a European power leave NATO at the height of the Cold War. This section, as well as the entire paper, is written from the perspective that De Gaulle felt that the eventual Americanization of world affairs would only lead to disaster. The second section is an analysis of what happened to France politically after De Gaulle left NATO. Specific events, such as France becoming more autonomous in European affairs, are given, and how France began to rebuild the pride it had lost after World War II is discussed. Finally, the last section deals with De Gaulle as a politician. His strengths of verbal persuasion and commitment to returning France to a world power status are discussed, as is how he felt that NATO was standing in the way of French progress.
From the Paper "After World War II, the countries of Europe were ravaged by a war that caused millions of causalities and billions of dollars worth of damage to farms and businesses. France had suffered greatly due to the occupation of Nazi Germany, but upon the liberation of the country by The Allies and the appointment of the popular French resistance hero General Charles De Gaulle as head of the provisional government in 1945, a new Europe was looking to be born in the wake of the deadliest war in human history. Europe would be greatly influenced in the coming decades by the spread of communism and by both America's and The Soviet Union's foreign policies, but in the midst of this struggle for control over Europe, France would remain steadfast in it's political and social independence as Charles De Gaulle was passionate about making France a power in the world once more. This desire to return France to her past glory and De Gaulle's aspiration to remove American, British and Soviet influence from France's own foreign policy decisions were prime reasons for De Gaulle's displeasure with the NATO Alliance and which would eventually cause De Gaulle to remove and distance France from the complexity of entangling alliances after World War II. With France strongly against the NATO agreement that was signed in 1949, De Gaulle attempted to rebuild Europe with France being the main power instead of allowing "foreign meddling in France's political agenda"."
Abstract Discusses NATO-Russia relations since 1991, the Soviet Union and the NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizations nations prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the issue of NATO expansion to the east, and NATO as a politically-oriented interest regime.
From the Paper "For 45 years, an undeclared state of war existed between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) nations and the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, an ..."
Abstract This paper discusses and reviews the book entitled "Ambivalent Neighbors", edited by Anatol Lieven and Dmitri Trenin, about the relationship between the European Union, the NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization, and the member states that participated in these organizations.
From the Paper ""Ambivalent Neighbors" subtitled "The EU NATO and the Price of Membership" is a text edited by Anatol Lieven and Dmitri Trenin. The text presents a total of stand-alone articles each of which is focused on some aspect of or issues related to the complex relationships between the European Union (EU), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the individual member states that participate in either or both of these organizations. The Foreword to the text provided by Jessica T Matthews of the..."
Abstract The paper discusses the ways in which advances in navigation and technology coincided with the age of exploration and the politics of expansion, resulting in the NorthAtlantic slave trade. Includes a discussion of the triangular trade commerce cycle that developed between Europe, the North American colonies, and West Africa, and the deplorable conditions that existed on the ships.
From the Paper "The seeds of the North American slave trade were planted when technology, politics, and the necessity of economic expansion combined to see the birth of the age of exploration in the 15th century. Advances in navigation and sailing gave real promise to the desires of explorers who sought unchartered routes to riches for their nations, and their rulers funded their excursions as a way to increase commerce and their land holdings. However, the slave-trading that was crucial to the success of these endeavors was eventually abolished as a result of the success it spurred."
Abstract This paper examines how declining fish populations have led many environmentalists to conclude that cod populations, specifically in the NorthAtlantic, are being over fished. It looks at how they call for stricter regulation of the fishing industry throughout the region, with regard to time spent at sea, mesh sizes on nets, and other aspects of the industry.
From the Paper "Cod has been a staple in the West for centuries, if not longer (Bhargava par. 4). It is, quite simply, one of the primary sources of fish protein that Western industrial society currently enjoys. However, that supply has been threatened in recent decades. Declining fish populations have led many environmentalists to conclude that cod populations, specifically in the North Atlantic, are being over fished. They call for stricter regulation of the fishing industry throughout the region, with regard to time spent at sea, mesh sizes on nets, and other aspects of the industry. However, the fish industry opposes most of these measures. Additionally, demand has certainly not fallen for cod in Western markets. "
This paper focuses on three of the largest international organizations in the world, the United Nations (UN), the NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization (NATO) and the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA).
Abstract This writer of this paper details the events that led to the creation of NAFTA, NATO and the UN as well as their original goals of preventing war and improving economic issues of trade while helping the world function as a globalized and interrelated unit. The writer contends and explains why these organizations currently function as merely a personification of the very issues that existed before their introduction. This paper details the history of the UN, NATO and NAFTA. NATO was established after WWII, thanks to various European nations and the U.S. The intention of NATO was to band together as a military alliance against the threat of the Soviet Union. This paper looks at NATO since the fall of the Soviet Union, in which many contend the organization has been taken over by U.S. interests. This paper also discusses the world's perception of NAFTA, which is an economically driven alliance between north American nations, with the advantage going to the wealthiest and most powerful member nations. The writer delves into the workings of the UN which has repeatedly been stymied in its efforts to accomplish important international tasks, which are detailed in this paper. This paper also discusses the role of the U.S. as the principle power in all three organizations.
From the Paper "So, too, many consider NAFTA, an economically driven alliance between North American Nations (principally Canada, the United States, and Mexico) to be equally unbalanced, with the advantage going to the wealthiest and most powerful member nations. In this case, many assert that, although the concept of "free trade" between the North American nations is a good one, in practice the natural imbalance of the alliance proves problematic. For example, many within Mexico complain that the agenda of the United States, and secondarily, Canada overshadows any legitimate concerns that Mexico may have."
