Abstract
The paper discusses how in Ireland, there is a growing population of Africans and others who are Irish citizens by birth, while their parents are illegal immigrants. The paper relates that unlike immigration to other European nations, Ireland has not seen a great deal of hostility or any ethnic violence. The paper then describes how in Europe as a whole, there has been a huge influx of Africans and Middle Easterners which is changing the complexion of the continent.

Tags:irish, immigrants, deportation

Abstract
This paper analyzes Andrew Marvell's 'An Horation Ode Upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland' and explains why it is significant as a primary source of historical evidence. The writer discusses the poem's style and use of language, along with its content, and shows how it contributes to a wider sense of political, literary and historical theory during the civil war period in England. The fact the poem was never published in Marvell's lifetime is examined to question whether it can provide a reliable reflection of the public mood on the political upheaval evident during the mid 17th century.

From the Paper
"It is interesting that Charles is alluded to as 'Justice' whereas Cromwell's succession is seen as Fate. Society, as said, was clearly divided, those who aligned them selves with the 'antient rights' of the Monarchy against those who looked forward to a new age of the Republic. In this time of crisis Marvell seems to indicate that only those who are strong and true to their beliefs will prevail, whether their cause is 'just' or not. Marvell portrays an admiration for Cromwell's strength of character during such indecisive times. The regicide, although described, is never questioned as a social or moral dilemma; it is Cromwell, the man of action, who takes centre stage."

Tags:stanza tension monarchy nationalism tension culture classical, civil war, intellectual

Abstract
This paper argues that Northern Ireland was very much an Orange State between the years 1920 and 1972. It shows that both the composition of the government and the gerrymandering that enforced it guaranteed a Protestant monopoly on power. In addition to lacking proportional political representation, Catholics were controlled through the Special Powers Act and other selectively enforced legislation that was virtually never applied to Protestant activities. The paper is nationalistic in tone.

From the Paper
"By the end of 1920, the Specials were established. Membership overlapped with the UVF and the notorious B-specials (disbanded 1967) even retained the UVF's hierarchical structure. Although state security forces, as well as British forces, often acted in a partisan fashion, there was little alternative for another kind of force. Republicans could not be trusted in such a job and non-republican Catholics were unlikely to have been interested due to community pressure. When the police force finally did impose quotas for Catholic membership (after the period in question), Catholics applied in much smaller numbers."

Tags:irish, nationalism, unionism, Home, Rule, Easter, Rising

Abstract
This paper explores several concepts related to current social policy in Ireland. First the paper defines the goals of social policy and how leaders must guide governments to implement and uphold them. Then, it considers the various categories of social policy, such as income maintenance, housing, education, health services, and welfare services. Finally, it focuses on specific factors in Ireland's social policy and its key issues, such as income maintenance and/or income protection. The paper concludes by stating that social policies are intended to protect a nation's citizens.

From the Paper
"Social Policies would be considered lines of arguments diminishing the actions of government, which impinges on supply and demand on people within a country. Authoritative figures within a country's governmental system are in constant debate on various issues to help or hinder a person's life, which has enormous impact on their well-beings. Although the focus of social policy may fall into several categories, critical programs include income maintenance, housing, education, health services, and welfare services. Specifically, the key factor involved with social policy in Ireland would be income maintenance and/or income protection..."

Tags:social policy, ireland, income

Abstract
The paper shows that "A History of Modern Ireland" is notable for its insightful and revisionist representations in light of its general goal as a survey of modern history. It discusses that the omission of many details, especially those involving popular movements in England, as influential as they might have been to Ireland, are forgivable in light of the sheer scope of the text. The author of the paper shows that the revisionist tendencies of the text, which sometimes gets bogged down in attempts not to over-generalize or create a history without cause and effects, gives a particularly modern feeling to a book written twenty five years ago.

From the Paper
"J C Beckett's The Making of Modern Ireland is a carefully constructed book that is very much written in an introductory/survey-oriented sense. The author acknowledges both this and its heavy reliance on predecessors in the preface, as well as his own feelings of incompetence towards the subject throughout its completion. Despite this, the narrative he subtlety lays out introduces a refreshing and strong viewpoint towards the origins of Irish Nationalism trough commonalities of thought, despite the rivalries of aim, amongst Irish Roman Catholics and the Church of Ireland."

Tags:britain, catholic, free, irish, kingdom, state, united

Abstract
This paper discusses how the immigrant population in Ireland contributes considerably to the Irish economy and how, despite their contributions, many non-Irish live in housing conditions that are less than their Irish counterparts. It proposes a study to determine if differences in opinion exist regarding discrimination of non-Irish groups living in Ireland between Irish nationals and non-Irish nationals. The paper extends the research to compare feelings of discrimination in attaining housing between Irish nationals, who serve as the control group, and non-Irish nationals, who serve as the test group. It is hoped that the study will further research into the area by comparing the feelings of two groups regarding the issue of homes.

Outline:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background
Purpose of Study
Significance of Study
Rationale
Objectives
Hypothesis
Research Questions
Conclusion
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Housing Characteristics of Irish and non-Irish living in Ireland
Other Demographic Trends from the Census
Discrimination of non-Irish in Ireland
The Migrant Experience
Changes in Immigrant Policy
Conclusion
Chapter 3: Methodology
Research Philosophy
Approach
Strategy
Mono Method
Time Horizon
Data Collection and Data Analysis
Chapter 4: Findings and Conclusions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Non-Irish often decide to set down roots on the Emerald Isle and become an important part of the Irish landscape. According to the 2006 Irish Census, a majority of non-Irish residents live in cities, with the fewest settling in small towns and rural areas (CSO, 2008). A survey of housing arrangements among the Irish and non-Irish residents in Ireland reveals that key differences exist between the Irish and non-Irish population (CSO, 2008). A breakdown of the housing arrangements by national origin reveals that owner occupied housing is the preferred choice among Irish nationals and UK national living in Ireland (CSO, 2008). However, amongst the other ethnic groups, renting is still the preferred method of attaining housing arrangements (CSO, 2008). No reasons were given for these preferences. An exploration of the reasons for this statistic led to the development of the hypothesis used in this research study. "

Tags:immigrants, population, census

Abstract
The paper shows that, not unlike the rest of Europe at the time, nineteenth century Ireland was host to a strange new period of politics. The growth and empowerment of a new merchant class that had had its foundations in the later half of the eighteenth century changed politics and strengthened or re-forged alliances. The paper examines one of the results of this which was the gradual re-empowerment of Catholics in the country during a moral and political battle between classes, parties, and English and Irish parliaments.

From the Paper
"Amidst the fear of French revolution and liberal republicanism, a period of oppression set in during the final decade of the 18th century. The rising sectarianism and agitation was a result of many factors not limited to events in France, but the resultant militarization of the government only helped to inflame the situation. By the close of the century the final results of this campaign were anything but apparent. The political force of the catholic middle class had largely been silenced through the 1797 Act banning public conventions, but this did not quell the need for communication between the Catholic underclass and Protestant minority."

Tags:emancipation, free, irish, landlord, state

Abstract
This paper presents a positive assessment of the overall influence the European Union (EU) has had on Ireland. The paper explains that the influence of the EU has been primarily economic and that it has been a beneficial influence because it has contributed to Ireland's recent spurt of economic growth. The paper points out that, while Ireland is a long way from becoming a single united nation, membership into the EU has clearly benefited all of the citizens of the country.

The Benefits to Ireland of the EU-Political
How the EU has Benefited Ireland-Economics
The Divided Irish Nation and People-Improving Relations between
Protestants and Catholics as a Result of the EU?
Advancement into the Future
Opinion of the EU

From the Paper
"EUROPA, the Internet informational site for the European Union, notes that one of the inspirations for the European Union was that, for centuries, "Europe was the scene of frequent and bloody wars," and it was hoped that economic cooperation would heal ancient political tensions between all member nations. (EUROPA, "EU History at a Glance: History of the European Union," 2004) When Ireland and its neighbor and territorial rival, the United Kingdom, both joined the European Union, then called the European Community (EC) in 1973, there was hoped that this mutual economic joining would help contribute to a more lasting peace between these often conflicted nations. "

Tags:maastricht, treaty, ira, social, political, international, profile, status, peacemaking

Abstract
The paper discusses how, during the first half of the twentieth century, the Labour party did not manage to establish itself as a powerful party either in Northern Ireland or in Southern Ireland. The paper attributes this to their absent stand on the national questions in politics and a lack of a strong internal union. The paper also explains that the Labour Parties on both sides were not helped by other elements, such as the modification of the electoral system in Northern Ireland, or the fact that Southern Ireland lacked industrial workers and was peopled mainly by Catholics, hostile to the socialist doctrine.

From the Paper
"In Southern Ireland, the Labour Party traces its birth to the 1912 conference of the Irish Trade Union Congress (ITUC). Its first leader was Jim Larkin. Its aim was to be a "trade-unionists political party" in which membership and leadership were restrained to card-carrying unionists up to 1930 when it opted for a formal break with the unions. Therefore, it was clear from the beginning that it was set up to be a minority party since this kind policy, even though protecting them from being taking over by existing politicians, definitely narrowed its appeal and cut off some sections which may have been sympathetic. Nonetheless, if there is a point on which the Labour Party cannot be the object of criticism, it is certainly the fact that it always remained faithful to its primary goal, which was to be the political arm of the Trade Union, and not to win a majority of votes from the Irish electorate. With such a policy, no wonder the Labour Party never managed to win a lot of seats, given the fact that Ireland was not an industrial nation."

Tags:politics, industry, workers, socialist, doctrine, trade, union, votes, electorate

Abstract
This paper examines how archeology has served nationalistic goals, particularly when excavations reinforce the desires of a country or government. Two case studies are cited, which according to the paper demonstrate the power of nationalism, particularly when the remains of the past serve as weapons for elevating and protecting a nation's heritage. First, the paper examines archeological projects in the Republic of Ireland, implying that better funding is given to projects that focus on the post-Christian epoch rather earlier cultures, such as the Vikings. Then, the paper points to the government of Israel as focusing only on Jewish or Biblical excavation projects rather than those geared toward the more recent Palestinian presence in the Holy Land. The paper concludes with political statements against the Israeli government regarding the country's Palestinian population.

From the Paper
"Located on a terrace at the edge of cultivated land which overlooks the estuary of the River Deben in Suffolk, England, Sutton Hoo is believed to be the principle burial site of Anglo-Saxon kings dating back to the 7th century A.D. In 1939, a remarkable discovery was made at this site, then owned by Mrs. E.M. Pretty who "entrusted the archeological work to the Ipswich Museum and to famed archeologist Basil Brown" (Rahtz, 1998, p. 175), the man responsible for uncovering the remains of a Viking ship of which only corroded clench nails, soil discoloration and textural differences in the surrounding sand remained. But Brown then realized that this was no ordinary ship, for he concluded that it was a burial-ship which somehow had managed not to be robbed of its treasures in antiquity. This burial site turned out to be immensely important, for the remains of the ship held gold, silver and other Viking treasure; amazingly, Mrs. Pretty decided to bequest to Great Britain all that had been found at the site, one of the largest gifts of its kind ever given to a sovereign nation."

Tags:Jerusalem, Dublin, nationalism, Tara, City of David, Middle East