Abstract
This paper examines the correctional institution recruiting-grounds of both the Aryan Nations and the Black Guerrilla Family. It looks at how the Black Guerrilla Family is typically found in adult prisons, but has also been reported as active by local law enforcement in adult jails and in juvenile correctional institutions. It also examines the BGF's enemy, the Aryan Brotherhood, first formed in the early 1960s in San Quentin, which is composed predominately of outlaw bikers and the ranks of the American Nazi Party and other groups.

From the Paper
"The potential danger posed to society by many of the extremist and terrorist groups and organizations that exist today can be directly assessed from their links to convicted criminals, and their associations with organized crime. There are two principle associations between domestic terrorist groups and the criminal subculture within the United States; the first and most obvious being the use of crimes such as robbery, theft and drug trafficking as a means to accumulate funding to achieve their higher goals, and secondly as a population and environment from which to recruit willing and able members."

Tags:jackson, organized, panthers, prison, nazi

Abstract
The paper presents a case study, including an executive summary, about black caucuses at Xerox and the company's response to the possibility of a national black caucus.

From the Paper
"Xerox is currently being challenged by members of its local black caucus groups to hold a national meeting which would potentially create a companywide caucus group for black employees. Beginning in the early ...s, Xerox has been challenged to improve its policies regarding the hiring and advancement of minority employees in general and blacks in particular. Failures to achieve parity led in ... to the creation of an informal black support group of employees, BABE, which in turn fostered the establishment of other local black caucuses, focused..."

Tags:Xerox, caucuses, affirmative action

Abstract
This paper explains that, during the black civil rights movement, some leaders favored integrationism, which meant that these activists were willing to work with sympathetic whites to achieve their goal of civil rights. The paper points out that other leaders favored African-American nationalism, which meant the opposite of integrationism. The paper relates that, during the first ten years, the movement was mainly integrationist, as modeled by Martin Luther King Jr. King, who favored using non-violent methods, such as sit-ins, to oppose discrimination. The author continues that, by around 1966, the Black Power movement with activists, such as Malcolm X, who favored black self-determination, was growing. The paper states that the African-American nationalism has been accused of being in favor of black supremacy.

From the Paper
"There is a sad but interesting common factor that is shared by the integrationist movement and African American Nationalism. Although integrationism was much more moderate than African American Nationalism, both were threatening enough to some people in the USA that the most prominent leaders of both movements were assassinated. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee; while Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965, at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem."

Tags:whites sit-in, malcolm x, black history, king

Abstract
The paper discusses how not everyone in the black Civil Rights struggle agreed on tactics to be used; some favored integrationism, while others favored African American Nationalism. The paper explains that integrationism meant that these particular activists were willing to work with sympathetic whites to achieve their goal of civil rights, while African American Nationalism meant the opposite - some blacks were fiercely separatist, and did not want to work with whites at all. This paper examines the difference in the political ideas of integrationism and African American Nationalism during the Civil Rights Era.

From the Paper
"During the Civil Rights Era not everyone in the black Civil Rights struggle agreed on tactics to be used. For example, some favored integrationism, while others favored African American Nationalism. Integrationism meant that these activists were willing to work with sympathetic whites to achieve their goal of civil rights. African American Nationalism meant the opposite - some blacks were extremely separatist, and did not want to work with whites at all. This essay examines the difference in the political ideas of integrationism and African American Nationalism during the Civil Rights..."

Tags:black, nationalism, civil rights

Abstract
In addition to looking at the reasons for the disintegration of the Black Panthers, this paper also traces the origins of the Party, examines how and why it started, describes its program and activities, the FBI's campaign against the Black Panthers, the trial of Black Panther members in court, the role of women in BPP, and the impact of the Party on the country.

Table of Contents
The Black Panther Party
Origin
Why was the Party Started?
The Ten-Point Program
Activities of the Black Panthers
War Against the Panthers
Black Panthers in Court
Black Panther Women
Alliances and Coalitions
Mistakes Made by the Black Panthers
Impact of the Party on the Country

From the Paper
"The black community of Oakland, California was greatly perturbed due to the failure of Southern white policemen to provide adequate protection for its black residents and the increasing incidents of police brutality targeted at the blacks. The organizers of the Panthers, therefore, aimed to gain justice for black people and dedicated themselves to defend the black community from racist police oppression and brutality. Besides being considered as the perpetrators of injustice and violence against the black community, the police was perceived by the Panthers as the representatives of the status quo and the "establishment" who implemented its anti-Black agenda. Since the Panthers believed that they were fighting the "status quo" the BPP considered itself to be a "revolutionary" party, which was committed to wage a class struggle to overthrow the existing order. (Harris 169)"

Tags:militant, black, revolutionary, party, huey, newton, bobby, seale, malcolm, x, nationalism

Abstract
This analysis presents the experiences of Elaine Brown in her autobiography "A Taste of Power" and those of Malcolm X in a number of works as a means of demonstrating how the idea of black liberation put forward by Malcolm X actually represented a prescription for the oppression of black women during the 1950s and 1960s.

From the Paper
"Evidence provided by Elaine Brown in "A Taste of Power" shows that the conception of black liberation put forward by Malcolm X is actually a prescription for the oppression of black women. Malcolm's views forged by the Nation of Islam (NOI) encompassed the belief that men must lead and women must follow that a man's place was in the world and the woman's place was in the home. A review of Malcolm's views and Brown's experiences definitely supports this contention that the masculinist..."

Tags:Black Panthers, Black Nationalism, rhetoric, violence, song, identity, gender, submission, roles, activism, politics

Abstract
This paper describes the daily lives and culture of the black American Muslim and Nation of Islam communities. The paper defines these groups and their customs and religious rituals. It illustrates the historical leaders of the black Muslim movements, including in depth biographies of Malcolm X and Louis Farrakhan. The paper discusses the missionary and racist elements in these movements.

From the Paper
"Religion is important to many Americans not simply because they believe that their faith will bring them to a better world in the afterlife or because it will guide their actions as a moral and good individual here on earth but also because it provides them with a sense of self-identity. Religion tells people who they are, how they are different from other people, to which community they belong. This may be especially true for black Muslims. This paper examines the black Muslim and Nation of Islam movements within the larger context of religious life in contemporary America and the context of the daily lives of black Americans as we enter the 21st century.
It may be helpful for us toe begin with some basic definitions. Black Muslims are simply those followers of a predominantly black religious movement in the United States who profess Islam as their faith. Not all of the followers of this movement are in fact black, although nearly all of them are black or have a black member of their family (such as a spouse or child) who is involved. The movement encompasses not only spiritual and liturgical aspects of life but political and wide-ranging cultural as well, including an emphasis on economic cooperation and self-sufficiency for black communities and individuals. "

Tags:black, muslim, nation, islam, regilion, contemporary, america, identity, 21st, century, united, states, spiritual, political, cultural, farrakhan, malcom, x

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that throughout history the Black Plague has emerged in some societies and then laid dormant, only to become active again, killing massive numbers of populations. The writer points out that primarily carried by rats and the fleas that feed from them, the Black Plague has been cited as existing in a growing number of cases in modern times, although its roots began centuries earlier. The writer notes that there have been several pandemics of the Black Plague, which is the most devastating infection that the world has ever known. The writer maintains that statistics indicate that the Black Plague still exists and is increasing in the numbers of the population that it kills each year. The writer concludes that it is for this reason society, medical science and those that lead nations must begin to act on the plague in order to save millions more within societies today and in the future.

Outline:
Introduction
Beginning of the Plague
Emergence
Affects on Society
How it Spread
Second Mass Occurrence
Origins
Countries it Impacted
Affects on Society
New Types
London
Appearance in London
How it Impacted Society
How it Ended
Modern Society
Existence of the Plague in the 20th Century
Existence of the Plague in Modern Society
Statistics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the 1300s the Black Plague emerged in Asia and quickly spread throughout Europe and once again in Italy. This pandemic was directly related to the trade that existed between these countries, as it followed the waterways that carried goods from one port to another. In this pandemic the plague was capable of taking in excess of 20 million lives and adversely impacted all civilizations that it spread to. This occurred through the inability of farmers to harvest their crops and workers to produce goods that were required to maintain businesses. Bishop contends that the affect of the plague on the populations where it existed included families abandoning their children, physicians refusing to care for patients and the Catholic Church proclaiming massive forgiveness for all who died because of the lack of clergy to hear the confessions of the dead."

Tags:black, death, pandemic, bubonic, infection

Abstract
This paper analyzes the central theme of "Black Elk Speaks," while also considering its most significant images. The paper explains how Black Elk speaks not only for himself but for the fate of his tribe and also discusses his failure to achieve peace for his nation.

From the Paper
"In the book "Black Elk Speaks" John Neihardt tells the story of a Lakota Sioux holy man and how his visionary experiences impacted both his Native American nation and the world in general. Indeed the book is not simply Black Elk's personal story or biography but instead serves as an examination of the fate of his tribe as well."

Tags:Black Elk, Lakota Sioux, Neihardt, failure

Abstract
The paper muddles on the evolution of the African American struggle coupled with civil right movements formulated- specifically the Black Panther Party- and focuses on the question of what the organization is, where it originated and spread, and why it was so popular.

From the Paper
Amid the turbulent struggle for equal rights for the black community in America numerous organizations and arenas emerged as potential facilitators of that laudable goal. The struggle was long and arduous, and various approaches arose as potential modalities to pursue the end most effectively. The Black Panther Party, which was established in 1966, was one such tactical approach. In its brief sojourn on the American scene, it attracted mega attention and an almost mythical status and reputation. Actions to cope with the potential repercussions of the Black Panther Party were numerous, and often violated associated constitutional norms within the American psyche for fairness and legal protection. Nevertheless to some powers that be on at that time, no more dangerous cadre of proponents of black rights existed then the Black Panther Party (Summers, 1993, 21). To those who opposed the methods, philosophy, and personas of the Black Panther Party, the need to crush the organization and nullify their influence within the societal complex of the United States was considered a crusade for the survival of this country itself. To truly analyze and come to terms with the importance and problematic issue of the Black Panther Party, it is necessary to review in some depth the overall complex involved in the struggle for black liberation in this country. The Black Panther Party occupies a decided niche in this puzzle, but it did not exist in a vacuum. It is a clear product and reaction to what preceded it.

Tags:black, civil, fbi, national, panther, rights, security, Johnson, emancipation, vote, franchise, community, program