Abstract
The nations of Russia and France have experienced particularly turbulent episodes in the evolution of their respective constitutions and constitutional courts. This paper examines the constitutional courts in these countries to determine how their respective roles have evolved, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.

From the Paper
"The current Russian constitution was adopted on December 12, 1993. Russia has a Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president (Russia, 2002). The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is the first judicial body of constitutional review in the history of Russia. The Court was created by the Fifth (extraordinary) Congress of Peoples' Deputies of the RSFSR on 30 October, 1991. The Court comprising 15 justices had been anticipated by the amendments to the 1978 Constitution and the Law "On the RSFSR Constitutional Court" adopted on the basis of the amendments to the Constitution. The Constitutional Court commenced its activities in December 1991. At that time the Congress had selected 13 justices leaving two vacancies."

Tags:nationalism, rights

Abstract
During the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century, we find that significant change occurred in countries such as Germany and Russia. This, of course, focuses attention on the nature of this change as well as the extent to which the national state in each country contributed to economic development. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper will be to compare the role of the national state in the economic development of Germany and Russia between the years 1815 and 1914.

Abstract
Both Russia and China have experienced radical economic, social and political change in recent years, characterized by a previously nonexistent warming in attitude toward the philosophies of capitalism and democracy in each country. At one point Russia and China's institutions were fully based on communistic principles.

From the Paper
"Introduction:
Both Russia and China have experienced radical economic, social and political change in recent years, characterized by a previously nonexistent warming in attitude toward the philosophies of capitalism and democracy in each country. At one point Russia and China's institutions were fully based on communistic principles. The difference between absolute communism and absolute capitalism, though vast and varied in consequence, really boils down to property rights.

Quite simply, the privileges of ownership are accompanied by the powers to set prices, form incentives and determine resource allocation (Carson, part 1, 168). Both countries have now evolved into more market-based systems. In some respects their paths have run parallel. In others, the course has been ..."

Abstract
This essay argues that geopolitics matters in the twenty-first century because geopolitics is about more than just who sits on one another's borders - though that alone is important. In any case, geopolitics matters because it reveals the demographic and economic forces unfolding within a nation that compel it to follow certain courses when dealing with other states. In the particular case of Russia, formerly a global superpower, geopolitical analysis reveals that Russia is faced with a problematic demographic situation and saddled with a sub-par economy.

From the Paper
Essay Proposal: Geopolitics still matters in the twenty-first century as an explanation for the causes of war (the case of Russia) Thesis: The tentative thesis at the heart of the paper emerging from this proposal is that geopolitics matters in the twenty-first century when explaining the causal factors that lead to war inasmuch as geopolitics involves the study of not only the geographic proximity of nations to one another - but also the demographic and economic forces at work within a nation that, coupled with geographic location, spark it to act aggressively towards other states. The current antics of the state of Russia are a good

Tags:geopolitics, russia, matters

Abstract
This paper has two main objectives: first, to briefly sketch the impact of nationalism on the political system of post-Soviet Russia; and second, to describe how competing groups (vis-a-vis Russia) define themselves and use nationalism to legitimize their political aims, and sometimes also the crimes and brutalities that are spin-offs of the actualizing process.

Tags:russian, nationalism

Abstract
This paper reviews Liah Greenfeld's 1992 book "Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity". The paper looks at the book's concept of nationalism and its development and transformation in England, France, Russia, Germany and the United States. The paper explains Greenfield's idea that nationalism is a historical force that plays a significant role in shaping national identity.

From the Paper
"Author Liah Greenfeld is an eminent authority on the subject of nationalism. After receiving her doctoral degree from the Hebrew University, specializing in sociology and social anthropology she became an instructor in the United States and currently is a professor at Boston University in sociology and political science. In tracing the rise of nationalism, Greenfeld employs an interdisciplinary approach that combines political science with sociology, mainly the theories of Max Weber. Using Weber's idea, Greenfeld views modernity..."

Tags:Nationalism, Modernity, Greenfeld, England, France, Russia, Germany, USA, Book, Historical

Abstract
This paper first explains that the conflict between Georgia and Russia is of great importance not only because it involves the post-Soviet bloc but also because it has implications for the next phase in world politics and international relations. Next, the author analyzes the issues at stake, the players and the chronology of the conflict. The paper concludes that this conflict represents the forces of nationalism, the potential clash of Eastern and Western powers, globalization and how large conglomerations, such as the United Nations and Amnesty International, can affect even regional conflicts.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Issues at Stake
Players
Process and Chronology
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Many analysts, however, believe this to be simply a cover for Russia's true, anti-American reason for starting the conflict. Since the Cold War, Russia's relations with both Georgia and the Western world have been shaky at best. The conflict involving Georgia, Russia, and South Osetia had its beginnings in 1989, when South Osetia declared "autonomy" from the "Georigan Soviet, Socialist Republic". From 1990 to 1992 violence, in Georgia and South Osetia characterized the region, until peace talks negotiated a peace in the area with the establishment of a tri-partisan band of peacekeepers."

Tags:polarity independence nationalism, human rights abuses, globalization

Abstract
This paper defines communism and nationalism in diverse terms, resulting in the truthful understanding of these complex political ideals. The paper is divided into sections, with the overall analysis of the paper reaming true to the issue of conflict communism was often seen in combination with nationalism, as seen in the form of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.

Table of Contents:
Communism
Origins of Communism
Monarchy
Serfdom & Official Brutality
Communist Revolutions
Communism: Post World War 1 and 2 Revolutions
Decline of Communism
Nationalism
Nationalism in India
South Africa and Nelson Mandela

From the Paper
"Communism is a society without money (For Communism)1, without a state, without property and without social classes. People come together to carry out a project or to respond to some need of the human community but without the possibility of their collective activity taking the form of an enterprise that involves wages and the exchange of its products. The circulation of goods is not accomplished by means of exchange: quite the contrary, the by-word for this society is "from each according to their abilities, to each according to their needs."

Tags:society, money, lenin, india, south, africa, russia, soviet, union, world, war, i, ii, wealth, class, money, sovereignty, peoples, globalists, globalism

Abstract
This essay examines the processes by which Putin and contemporary Russian leaders are attempting to forge a new relationship between the nationalities of the former Soviet Union. The paper begins with a brief background on the complexity of the nationality question in the former Soviet Union and discusses the processes that led to the collapse of the Soviet state. The paper then moves to a more detailed analysis of centre periphery relations in the new Russia.

From the Paper
"The collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s transformed political, social and economic relations across a large portion of the Eurasian land mass. In this process, a massive multi-ethnic state dissolved into a range of successor states - based more or less on a variety of regional ethnic and/or national identities - as the ideological bonds of communism and the exercise of raw military power proved insufficient to deal with the centrifugal forces that began to tear the fabric of the Soviet state apart."

Tags:russia, ethnic, nationality

Abstract
The paper broadly looks at the implications of the relationship that has been building for a while between Russia and Venezuela. The paper explores the political and economic implications of such a relationship, how the world views it and the implications of China buying oil from Venezuela, the implications this relationship has on US/Russian ties, is the leader of the oil rich nation now emboldened, how the relationship benefits both Russia and Venezuela and finally what impact it has on Latin America's regional stability.

From the Paper
"The focus of this research paper is to broadly look at the implications of the relationship that has been building for a while between Russia and Venezuela. In this report we will be looking at the political and economic implications of such a relationship, how the world views it and the implications of China buying oil from Venezuela, the implications this relationship has on US/Russian ties, is the leader of the oil rich nation now emboldened, how the relationship benefits both Russia and Venezuela..."

Tags:russia, venezuela, us