Abstract
The paper shows that "A History of Modern Ireland" is notable for its insightful and revisionist representations in light of its general goal as a survey of modern history. It discusses that the omission of many details, especially those involving popular movements in England, as influential as they might have been to Ireland, are forgivable in light of the sheer scope of the text. The author of the paper shows that the revisionist tendencies of the text, which sometimes gets bogged down in attempts not to over-generalize or create a history without cause and effects, gives a particularly modern feeling to a book written twenty five years ago.

From the Paper
"J C Beckett's The Making of Modern Ireland is a carefully constructed book that is very much written in an introductory/survey-oriented sense. The author acknowledges both this and its heavy reliance on predecessors in the preface, as well as his own feelings of incompetence towards the subject throughout its completion. Despite this, the narrative he subtlety lays out introduces a refreshing and strong viewpoint towards the origins of Irish Nationalism trough commonalities of thought, despite the rivalries of aim, amongst Irish Roman Catholics and the Church of Ireland."

Tags:britain, catholic, free, irish, kingdom, state, united

Abstract
This paper presents a positive assessment of the overall influence the European Union (EU) has had on Ireland. The paper explains that the influence of the EU has been primarily economic and that it has been a beneficial influence because it has contributed to Ireland's recent spurt of economic growth. The paper points out that, while Ireland is a long way from becoming a single united nation, membership into the EU has clearly benefited all of the citizens of the country.

The Benefits to Ireland of the EU-Political
How the EU has Benefited Ireland-Economics
The Divided Irish Nation and People-Improving Relations between
Protestants and Catholics as a Result of the EU?
Advancement into the Future
Opinion of the EU

From the Paper
"EUROPA, the Internet informational site for the European Union, notes that one of the inspirations for the European Union was that, for centuries, "Europe was the scene of frequent and bloody wars," and it was hoped that economic cooperation would heal ancient political tensions between all member nations. (EUROPA, "EU History at a Glance: History of the European Union," 2004) When Ireland and its neighbor and territorial rival, the United Kingdom, both joined the European Union, then called the European Community (EC) in 1973, there was hoped that this mutual economic joining would help contribute to a more lasting peace between these often conflicted nations. "

Tags:maastricht, treaty, ira, social, political, international, profile, status, peacemaking

Abstract
This paper examines how archeology has served nationalistic goals, particularly when excavations reinforce the desires of a country or government. Two case studies are cited, which according to the paper demonstrate the power of nationalism, particularly when the remains of the past serve as weapons for elevating and protecting a nation's heritage. First, the paper examines archeological projects in the Republic of Ireland, implying that better funding is given to projects that focus on the post-Christian epoch rather earlier cultures, such as the Vikings. Then, the paper points to the government of Israel as focusing only on Jewish or Biblical excavation projects rather than those geared toward the more recent Palestinian presence in the Holy Land. The paper concludes with political statements against the Israeli government regarding the country's Palestinian population.

From the Paper
"Located on a terrace at the edge of cultivated land which overlooks the estuary of the River Deben in Suffolk, England, Sutton Hoo is believed to be the principle burial site of Anglo-Saxon kings dating back to the 7th century A.D. In 1939, a remarkable discovery was made at this site, then owned by Mrs. E.M. Pretty who "entrusted the archeological work to the Ipswich Museum and to famed archeologist Basil Brown" (Rahtz, 1998, p. 175), the man responsible for uncovering the remains of a Viking ship of which only corroded clench nails, soil discoloration and textural differences in the surrounding sand remained. But Brown then realized that this was no ordinary ship, for he concluded that it was a burial-ship which somehow had managed not to be robbed of its treasures in antiquity. This burial site turned out to be immensely important, for the remains of the ship held gold, silver and other Viking treasure; amazingly, Mrs. Pretty decided to bequest to Great Britain all that had been found at the site, one of the largest gifts of its kind ever given to a sovereign nation."

Tags:Jerusalem, Dublin, nationalism, Tara, City of David, Middle East

Abstract
The paper shows that, not unlike the rest of Europe at the time, nineteenth century Ireland was host to a strange new period of politics. The growth and empowerment of a new merchant class that had had its foundations in the later half of the eighteenth century changed politics and strengthened or re-forged alliances. The paper examines one of the results of this which was the gradual re-empowerment of Catholics in the country during a moral and political battle between classes, parties, and English and Irish parliaments.

From the Paper
"Amidst the fear of French revolution and liberal republicanism, a period of oppression set in during the final decade of the 18th century. The rising sectarianism and agitation was a result of many factors not limited to events in France, but the resultant militarization of the government only helped to inflame the situation. By the close of the century the final results of this campaign were anything but apparent. The political force of the catholic middle class had largely been silenced through the 1797 Act banning public conventions, but this did not quell the need for communication between the Catholic underclass and Protestant minority."

Tags:emancipation, free, irish, landlord, state

Abstract
It was Kedourie's conclusion that while most societies began with a religious foundation, the inclusion of nationalism meant that politics became the new religion, which was evident in the case of Ireland (Hutchison, 1980. p. 9). Kedourie argued that he shift away from religion to politics in regard to identity centered on the concept of evil. Hutchison (1980) relates that prior to the growth of nationalism there was a prevailing notion that evil could be explained through Biblical morality; yet, as time progressed the social order began to realize that it could also be explained through reason (p. 11). Furthermore, as the basic beliefs about good and evil were altered, so too were the ideas that focused on salvation (Kedourie, 1966, p. 41; Hutchison, 1980, p. 11). Salvation was determined to be under political control and citizens were required to determine where their political devotions would lie as they searched for autonomy (Hutchison, 1980. p. 11). Consequently, the search for autonomy was the basis for conflict and war - both existing throughout the early years of Ireland's nationalism movement. It is from this foundation of knowledge that the paper will strive to examine the early history of the rise of nationalism in Ireland. Additionally, the paper will focus on the facts of Ireland's societal evolution, analyzing specific events through a focus on Kedourie's philosophy related to nationalism.

From the Paper
The History and Philosophy of the Irish Nationalist Movement Until 1916 Hutchison (1980) states: Nationalism, according to Kedourie, is a doctrine that holds that humanity is naturally divided into nations, that nations are known by certain characteristics that can be ascertained, and that the only legitimate type of government is national self-government (p. 10; Kedourie, 1966, p. 9). It was Kedourie's conclusion that while most societies began with a religious foundation, the inclusion of nationalism meant that politics became the new religion, which was evident in the case of Ireland

Tags:irish, nationalism, kedourie

Abstract
This paper analyzes Andrew Marvell's 'An Horation Ode Upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland' and explains why it is significant as a primary source of historical evidence. The writer discusses the poem's style and use of language, along with its content, and shows how it contributes to a wider sense of political, literary and historical theory during the civil war period in England. The fact the poem was never published in Marvell's lifetime is examined to question whether it can provide a reliable reflection of the public mood on the political upheaval evident during the mid 17th century.

From the Paper
"It is interesting that Charles is alluded to as 'Justice' whereas Cromwell's succession is seen as Fate. Society, as said, was clearly divided, those who aligned them selves with the 'antient rights' of the Monarchy against those who looked forward to a new age of the Republic. In this time of crisis Marvell seems to indicate that only those who are strong and true to their beliefs will prevail, whether their cause is 'just' or not. Marvell portrays an admiration for Cromwell's strength of character during such indecisive times. The regicide, although described, is never questioned as a social or moral dilemma; it is Cromwell, the man of action, who takes centre stage."

Tags:stanza tension monarchy nationalism tension culture classical, civil war, intellectual

Abstract
This paper argues that Northern Ireland was very much an Orange State between the years 1920 and 1972. It shows that both the composition of the government and the gerrymandering that enforced it guaranteed a Protestant monopoly on power. In addition to lacking proportional political representation, Catholics were controlled through the Special Powers Act and other selectively enforced legislation that was virtually never applied to Protestant activities. The paper is nationalistic in tone.

From the Paper
"By the end of 1920, the Specials were established. Membership overlapped with the UVF and the notorious B-specials (disbanded 1967) even retained the UVF's hierarchical structure. Although state security forces, as well as British forces, often acted in a partisan fashion, there was little alternative for another kind of force. Republicans could not be trusted in such a job and non-republican Catholics were unlikely to have been interested due to community pressure. When the police force finally did impose quotas for Catholic membership (after the period in question), Catholics applied in much smaller numbers."

Tags:irish, nationalism, unionism, Home, Rule, Easter, Rising

Abstract
This paper explores several concepts related to current social policy in Ireland. First the paper defines the goals of social policy and how leaders must guide governments to implement and uphold them. Then, it considers the various categories of social policy, such as income maintenance, housing, education, health services, and welfare services. Finally, it focuses on specific factors in Ireland's social policy and its key issues, such as income maintenance and/or income protection. The paper concludes by stating that social policies are intended to protect a nation's citizens.

From the Paper
"Social Policies would be considered lines of arguments diminishing the actions of government, which impinges on supply and demand on people within a country. Authoritative figures within a country's governmental system are in constant debate on various issues to help or hinder a person's life, which has enormous impact on their well-beings. Although the focus of social policy may fall into several categories, critical programs include income maintenance, housing, education, health services, and welfare services. Specifically, the key factor involved with social policy in Ireland would be income maintenance and/or income protection..."

Tags:social policy, ireland, income

Abstract
An examination of the main character in James Joyce's "A Portrait of the Artist" as a Young Man. The author examines the character's loyalties to Catholicism and Irish nationalism.

From the Paper
"The character of Stephen Dedalus in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is forged in the twin fires of Catholicism and Irish nationalism but he nonetheless manages to elude the dogma of both. Church and politics are, in some respects, paradoxically intertwined in Stephen's childhood experience and he struggles to separate them and simultaneously separate himself from them. While he declines the priesthood and refuses the sacraments, it is arguable that Stephen remains a Catholic at some inner level. However, his antipathy toward politics in general and the nationalist cause in particular, can be traced throughout the novel as it becomes progressively more pronounced and caustic."

Tags:catholic, ireland

Abstract
It was Kedourie's conclusion that while most societies began with a religious foundation, the inclusion of nationalism meant that politics became the new religion, which was evident in the case of Ireland (Hutchison, 1980. p. 9). Kedourie argued that he shift away from religion to politics in regard to identity centered on the concept of evil. Hutchison (1980) relates that prior to the growth of nationalism there was a prevailing notion that evil could be explained through Biblical morality; yet, as time progressed the social order began to realize that it could also be explained through reason (p. 11). Furthermore, as the basic beliefs about good and evil were altered, so too were the ideas that focused on salvation (Kedourie, 1966, p. 41; Hutchison, 1980, p. 11). Salvation was determined to be under political control and citizens were required to determine where their political devotions would lie as they searched for autonomy (Hutchison, 1980. p. 11). Consequently, the search for autonomy was the basis for conflict and war - both existing throughout the early years of Ireland's nationalism movement. It is from this foundation of knowledge that the paper will strive to examine the early history of the rise of nationalism in Ireland. Additionally, the paper will focus on the facts of Ireland's societal evolution, analyzing specific events through a focus on Kedourie's philosophy related to nationalism.

From the Paper
The History and Philosophy of the Irish Nationalist Movement Until 1916 Hutchison (1980) states: Nationalism, according to Kedourie, is a doctrine that holds that humanity is naturally divided into nations, that nations are known by certain characteristics that can be ascertained, and that the only legitimate type of government is national self-government (p. 10; Kedourie, 1966, p. 9). It was Kedourie's conclusion that while most societies began with a religious foundation, the inclusion of nationalism meant that politics became the new religion, which was evident in the case of Ireland

Tags:irish, nationalist, movement