Abstract
The paper examines how national security analyses are conducted in the post-9/11 world. The paper maintains that it is important to note that this process primarily involves internal government debate over the use and accuracy of the information supplied by intelligence agencies and the defense establishment. The paper explains that national security analyses are conducted in order to help resolve issues of national security concern by providing data about foreign threats, terrorist activities and related security matters.

Tags:national, security, issues

Abstract
The paper discusses how there have been numerous changes in American national security policies since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. The most important changes have been the Bush Administration's preemptive war policy, the passage and implementation of the USA Patriot Act and homeland security measures intended to increase airline security. The paper notes that many of these changes in national security policies have been controversial, while changes that have not been made have convinced many security experts and citizens that the United States is more vulnerable to terrorism than it was four years ago.

Tags:national, security, policies

Abstract
This paper discusses how in terms of similarities, it is evident that the basic policies outlined in The National Security Strategy of the United States of America are in harmony with the basic policies outlined in A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement. The foundation of both strategies rests upon common foreign policy agendas based upon engaging in power projection when necessary, in order to achieve specified political, national security, and economic goals. The paper further discusses how the short-term and long-term goal of both strategies is enlargement of influence, through direct and indirect means, depending upon the region or issue being addressed.

Tags:national, security, strategies

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the threat the new national security regime poses to Canadians. In particular, the writer reviews the Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Agency of Canada (PSEPC) and looks also at the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) with an "eye" towards assessing the ways in which these organizations can be said to be infringing upon the privacy of Canadians and whether this infringement is justifiable. In addition, the writer looks at the Canadian Constitution and how the new security regime has the potential to derogate section 7 and 8 privacy guarantees unless Canadian judges are vigilant in ensuring that the reasons for any surveillance are compelling and satisfy the "reasonable limitations" standard established in section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In the end, the writer agrees with Michael Powers that the new security regime bears with it certain undeniable risks to privacy protections.

From the Paper
"National security has rarely been more controversial or important than it has been over the last few years in the wake of 9/11 and the grim realization that terrorism can now strike North America just as it can strike anywhere else. With that in mind, the following paper ..."

Tags:national, security, Canada

Abstract
This paper discusses the books of Amy Zegart and John Prados and their views on national security organizations in the United States. The joint chiefs of staff, the national security council, and the central intelligence agency are all discussed within the paper. The general consensus of the authors is that each of these organizations was formed to be temporary forms within the government, and they have lasted since 1947 as political machines that answer to no one.

From the Paper
"Flawed by design: The evolution of the CIA, JCS, and NSC, a book by author Amy Zegart (1999), takes a detailed look at both the structure and the historical perspective of matters that deal with the country's national interests. The Joint Chiefs of Staff, the National Security Council, and the Central Intelligence Agency are the main topics of Zegart's book. John Prados (1992), author of Keeper of the keys: A history of the national security council from Truman to Bush, also discusses issues of national interest from the perspective of a man who has been part of the United States government for many years. Both of these authors attempt to explore those elements of our nation's government that have seen at least a decade of close scrutiny because of lapses in judgment, the protection of our country, and the impact that these organizations have had on our lives as American citizens."

Tags:prados, zegart, security

Abstract
The paper argues that although the term national security, as a Cold War construct, is new, the application of power abroad, as needed by the state, is recorded even in Biblical times. The paper looks at US foreign policy throughout the 20th century, around the time of the world wars and during the Cold War. Some of the questions looked at are: How the state defines the goals that compose its national interest, the means the state selects to pursue those goals, and the state's identification of others as friend or foe determine how the promotion of the inherently ambiguous concept of "national security" parlays into actual policy. The paper proves that promotion of national security is the logical means by which the state's preferences are realized.

From the Paper
"Instead, maintenance of a subservient client role for such states was sufficient; the United States would enjoy the benefits of its clients acceding to American preferences for their economic and foreign policies, without being burdened with the chore of actually administering British-style colonies. The international capitalist order, which allowed free mobility of capital, made control of large swaths of territory and people irrelevant to increasing wealth."

Tags:capitalism, chomsky, cold, foreign, government, policy, war

Abstract
This paper focuses on analyzing a particular aspect of the National Security Strategy, that is, NSS-2002. It uses the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) as a reference point to understand the difference in the perceptions of threat facing the United States and the difference between the two policies. The connection between the two policies highlights some political, economic, and cultural realms that have been affected by the dimensions of the policy. Overall, it is clear that US foreign policy is reactive rather than preventative, since both NSS-2002 and NSC-68 were devised to counter, rather than to prohibit actions that were seen as harmful to the United States. The paper concludes that even domestic policies necessarily affect global economy, due to the integration of societies, thus careful consideration of foreign policy on use of power is imperative.

Outline:
Introduction
National Security Strategy (NSS-2002) and NSC-68: A Critical Review
Conclusion

From the Paper
"What are the similarities and differences between the NSS-2002 and the NSC-68? There is the common misconception that the NSS-2002 is simple about combating terrorism. As can be clearly seen from the eight principles outlines, the NSS-2002 surpasses combating terrorism, but has an overarching aim of promoting free trade and combating all aspects of terrorism. It is necessary to distinguish between state-sponsored and non-state sponsored terrorism, so as to understand how the NSS-2002 integrates all aspects of threats irrespective or origin and devises mechanisms to combat these issues."

Tags:foreign, policy, economy, terrorism, military, force

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the National Security Council or NSC was created and established by the National Security Act of 1947. The writer notes that the NSC is the US President's principal forum for matters concerning national security and foreign policy. Further, the writer discusses that the establishment of the NSC has been the response to the need of each administration to develop and perfect a reliable set of executive institutions for managing national security policy. The writer notes that each President was guided by the deficiencies of his predecessors and wanted to set up a system that would reflect his individual or preferred management style. The writer relates that the NSC has, thus, been modified to suit the needs and preferences of each administration.

From the Paper
"The establishment of the NSC has been the response to the need of each administration to develop and perfect a reliable set of executive institutions, which would manage its national security policy. Each President was guided by the deficiencies of his predecessors and wanted to set up a system, which would reflect his individual or preferred management style. The NSC has, thus, been modified to suit the needs and preferences of each administration. The National Security Act of July 26, 1947 created the NSC with the President as Chairman and the Secretaries of State and Defense as its key members. Its principal function is to coordinate foreign policy and defense policy and incorporate diplomatic and military requirements. It also provided for a Secretary of Defense, a National Military Establishment, a Central Intelligence Agency and a National Security Resources Board. Because the NSC was several times modified to adapt to the preferences of each President, it came to be viewed as subservient to him alone. And because its role is to establish collegiality among the departments, it also came to be viewed as a means to controlling and managing opposed departments."

Tags:intelligence, foreign, policy, defense

Abstract
Countries have become unsure of their security and about their relationships with the countries that surround them. Since September 11th, a large number of scholars, scientists and political thinkers have started to analyze and provide their own theories on the U.S. and Iraqi war and state relations. One of these groups of political thinkers is the U.S. Commission on National Security of the 21st Century. This Commission discusses and analyzes the problems in the world, specifically concerning the United States and the concerns of the changing world. The Commission has strove to provide critical theories and interpretations of what the United States should do in response to the changing world security environment. This essay addresses the Commission's response, as well as the response provided by President George W. Bush's administration of national security strategy by comparing both documents and noting the merits and criticisms of them. A final wrap-up summary is also provided.

From the Paper
"The three primary concerns of the introduction are: defense against enemies, cooperation with other nations in curtailing others from gaining dangerous technologies, and lastly, the encouragement of democracy and economic openness in all nations. It concludes by insisting that other nations should respond to terrorism and threats in the same offensive manner as the United States, calling for collective responsibility and "accountability." On the other hand, the CNS's introduction for Phase I suggests the same problems are facing the United States and the world, and calls for a similar approach as the NSS, emphasizing "economic growth, regional integration, and global political cooperation." A key line for distinguishing the languages in each document is the CNS's suggestion that "active American engagement cannot prevent all problems," while the NSS is much more optimistic with regard to that idea."

Tags:911, democracy, strategies, transnational

Abstract
This paper examines one of the ways in which the Chilean armed forces have continued to exert power and influence in post-dictatorship Chile -through the National Security Council, a quasi-governmental institution given the role of convening to discuss threats to national security. This paper shows how, due to the failures of the council to engage in legitimate national security discourse as well as the symbolic nature of this tool of military intervention, it is in actuality a body that is not conducive to the furthering of unity, stability, and democracy within Chile.

From the Paper
"Although the power and influence of the military has been diminished since the end of the Pinochet dictatorship in 1990, the Chilean armed forces nonetheless have managed to maintain a substantial political and civilian role in Chilean society after the transition back to democracy. One of the most important manifestations of this lingering power and influence has been the National Security Council, a near-perfect representation not only of the Chilean military's perpetual political ambitions but also of its fixation upon the notion of "national security." The symbolism of this institution has consequently cast the very existence of the National Security Council in the national spotlight, and it has been one of the most debated and controversial issues of contemporary Chilean politics, especially in the current administration of Socialist Ricardo Lagos. The negative consequences of a sustained opportunity for military involvement in civilian and political affairs, even on a seemingly small scale, such as exists with the National Security Council in its present form is not conducive to further democratic growth and unity in Chilean society. What this paper aims to do is identify the importance of the National Security Council in its implications on civilian-military relations, national unity, stability, and democracy, and to explain how it is an obstacle to these principles."

Tags:america, civilian, constitution, democracy, dictatorship, government, latin, military, political, politics, science, south