Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of a national health care plan for the United States. It first discusses the current health care situation in the United States and the financial costs that currently exist. The paper then examines how a national health care plan would work and the advantages of such a system over the current health care situation. The writer states her own opinion on the healthcare debate and concludes that one thing remains certain... the larger the number of citizens covered by the health care plan, better for the nation itself, for its tax payers and for the health of its present and future generations.

Table of Contents:
Overview
The Concept of "National Health Care Plan"
What exactly does it mean "National Health Care"?
Advantages
Conclusion
Annex

From the Paper
"On the other side, experts agree that without imposing a mandate, some 15-26 million people would not be covered , the Clinton campaign putting the same figure at around 15 million people. Obama's argument is that a mandate "might not be enforceable", and that if a health insurance can be afforded and is attractive, most people will surely enroll.
The idea of an individual mandate regarding the national health care system - sustained by Senator Clinton - thus requiring people to get covered by a health insurance - has maybe more chances to reduce the problem of having more people covered, as in general mostly people who expect to get sick are buying coverage and insurers are denying coverage to those that most probably will have high medical costs...
"Additionally, having more people - especially healthy people - enter in the insurance pool, it will be easier to protect people against the risk of high medical costs... which is in fact the main purpose of an insurance policy."

Tags:insurance, GDP, medical

Abstract
This twelve-page undergraduate paper examines and analyzes whether the United States should adopt a national health care policy. Upon an evaluation of the issue the paper concludes that a national health care policy is required in order to honor our nation's long commitment to equality and justice for all Americans, not just those with money or political influence.

Abstract
The paper contends that the current concern over the health care system in the United States is a valid one. The paper reveals that there are now millions of people that cannot afford health care and that are forced to deal with life threatening or disabled conditions because they cannot seek help from medical professionals when they require it. The paper relates that as a consequence, early detection of health care issues is not possible and early deaths or long-term disabilities occur. The paper discusses how government and politicians have concluded that the only manner of addressing health care costs is to create a national health care system or force employers to provide health care coverage to their workers.

Tags:national, health, care

Abstract
The paper discusses how the public has been concerned about the health care system in the United States for some time, and national health care has been a leading political issue at least since the mid-1990s when the Clinton Administration attempted to address the system with a health care proposal overseen by Hillary Clinton. The paper explains that this approach was seen as too comprehensive and was also portrayed by opponents as a form of socialism that would remove choice for the consumer, create a bureaucracy that would ultimately reduce care and increase costs, and that would harm the relationship people had between themselves and their physician.

From the Paper
"The public has been concerned about the health care system in the United States for some time, and national health care has been a leading political issue at least since the mid-1990s when the Clinton Administration attempted to address the system with a health care proposal overseen by Hillary Clinton. That approach was seen as too comprehensive and was also portrayed by opponents as a form of socialism that would remove choice for the consumer, create a bureaucracy that would ultimately reduce care and increase costs, and that would harm the relationship people had between themselves and their physician. The proposal was thus..."

Tags:national, health, care

Abstract
This paper explains that the primary reason for the increased concern about nationalized health care is the growing demographic in the U.S. of the 60-80 year old age group and their required medical care and maintenance. The author points out that two solutions considered are a national health care system and a 'play or pay' system, each of which has its drawbacks and benefits; however, many critics feel that neither system would be advantageous for the U.S. The paper stresses that a national health care system, which forces employers to purchase health insurance could be devastating to employees because employers, who might have difficulties paying the additional costs, might have to hire fewer employees or even let some employees go.

From the Paper
"Recently the state of Massachusetts has touted the fact that it is considering creating a law that forces its citizens to have health insurance. On the face of it, health insurers would probably be happy about that, after all more individuals purchasing their product would make any company happy, right? Not necessarily. Having to cover every individual, even unhealthy or at-risk individuals, could cost the firms more revenue than what they could generate with the additional customers."

Tags:stakeholder, employers, insurance, laws, korea

Abstract
This paper commences by exploring the historical political progressions that have occurred in medical welfare provisions in both the United Kingdom and China since the late 1940s. After the communist revolution, the Chinese state directly guided and funded the health care provision; however, the author underscores that this system is not as comprehensive and universal as the U.K. national health service. The paper relates that both countries, especially China, appear to be moving more toward a political attitude that favors free market health care. The paper includes informational footnotes.

From the Paper
"Conversely it is the nature of the Chinese political system which has allowed this to occur. Whereas the democratic electorate in Britain would be vehemently opposed to any wholesale privatization of health care, in China the one party state has been able to carry out such policy applications irrespective of the wishes of the wider population. This is not to say that the Chinese government lacks concern for the health care needs of Chinese citizens, merely that a generally disagreeable policy has been successfully implemented and in the future may prove beneficial for the Chinese people."

Tags:communism, labor party, conservative privatization, free markets

Abstract
This paper asserts that the U.S., being such a rich nation with so many
uninsured individuals, makes national healthcare and national health insurance a major ethical issue: National health insurance is a political idea which must be resolved. The author points out that the proponents of national healthcare tend to emphasize, in different shades of reasoning according to the cost proposed, the argument that the right to free or affordable healthcare is inalienable; whereas, people in opposition state that the current healthcare system barely works; moreover, it worked better before the current move toward affordable healthcare systems such as Medicaid, Medicare and HMOs became widespread. The paper suggests that the present managed care system will most likely be expanded, but there still will be application-based and ethical imperatives about government controlled healthcare programs as supplementary services and their position in a dynamic healthcare economy, which is becoming increasingly privatized.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Pros and Cons of National Healthcare
Socio-Economic and Ethical Issues
Recommendations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Another way of simplifying the current system which confuses so many with its complexities is to look at the ways in which we as a society define health. Health may be conceptualized either as a state of being free from disease or as a constant striving for physiological, psychological, and spiritual wellness. The former approach is a relatively
narrow one and has as its counterpart in ontology, whereby disease is a specific thing external to the individual which must be warded off. There are approaches that are more holistic in addressing the needs of the whole person. Among other things, rather than seeing disease as the negation of health, this simplified point of view envisions the possibility of living a healthy lifestyle even with a chronic condition like diabetes, high blood pressure, or HIV."

Tags:uninsured, cost, managed-care, inalienable, hmo

Abstract
The writer describes the critical situation of the US national health care and looks at the challenges and policy changes which will be required in determining the future improved health status of Americans. The paper discusses the future of the American health care system, and suggests that policy makers are required to reform their conceptualization of health and as a result that of the health care system. The paper proceeds to provide ideas for such reform.

From the Paper
"The most major issue in health status, it is now understood, is the impact on lifestyles. Lifestyle-related health problems require behavioral change. Businesses face a challenge to provide adequate incentives to daunt harmful behavior (e.g., cigarette smoking and obesity). These behaviors have been shown to reduce worker efficiency and increase health care costs. On the other hand, this aspect of illness control is not addressed by most presented insurance plans"

Tags:economic, insurance, employers, population, analysis

Abstract
This paper explains that the NHS was established on the principle of the collective responsibility of the state to implement a comprehensive health care system designed to meet the health care needs of the total population, in which all UK citizens would have equal access to health care services at no charge. The author points out that it was assumed, as health care improved, demand would decrease; but, within a very short period, the government found itself faced with too little funding to meet the persistent demand. The paper contends that Japan, Sweden, and Canada appear to have incorporated better provisions to insure that equal access is guaranteed to constituents as compared to the UK's NHS. Table.

Table of Contents
Historical Perspective
Organization of the Study
Summary of 2000 NHS Plan
Current and Future Health Status and Healthcare Needs in the UK
Alternative Health Care Systems
Review of Healthcare Systems in OECD Countries
Japan
Sweden
Canada
Comparison of NHS with the Healthcare Systems of Japan, Sweden and Canada
World Health Organization and Health Care Funding
Current Trends in Healthcare Privatization
Conclusions

From the Paper
"The Plan, as reported by the Department of Health (2000), is also designed to insure that the needs of the elderly are better met. The Plan includes the incorporation of national standards for caring for older people to ensure that ageism is not tolerated and personal care plans for the elderly and their caregivers will be provided, with nursing home services made free by 2004. There also will be an additional "900 million package of new intermediate care services to allow older people to live more independent lives. The NHS Plan also includes further efforts to insure that inequalities amongst patients are targeted, with a focus on increasing and improving primary care in deprived areas; the introduction of screening programs for women and children; the provision of step up smoking cessation services; and the provision of free fruit in schools for 4-6 year olds."

Tags:accessibility, responsibility, japan, canada, sweden

From the Paper
"Background of the Problem (Introduction)
Within the pluralistic structure of the U.S. health system, most Americans under the age of 65 are covered by either the employment, or by that of their spouses. About 65 percent of Americans are also covered by private insurance, both group and individual. The remainder of the people either receives health care through Medicaid or does not have health care at all (Gold, 1999, p. 5). One of the problems that has emerged is that increasing numbers of people are uninsured and have no access to health care. A large share of these people includes increasing numbers of children from impoverished families who are either unaware of the programs or are ineligible for some reasons (Gold, 1999, p. 5). Even for the people who are covered by insurance, the quality of health care needs to be greatly..."