Abstract
This paper critically examines the issue of immigration and Canadian nation-building within a sociological perspective. A particular focus of the paper is on the contradiction between the ideal of immigration, as reflected in the changes to immigration policy in the 1960's and the introduction of official Multiculturalism in the 1970's, and the realities of immigration in regard to its being embedded in the social class and power distribution structures of Canada. In this context, the paper argues that in our capitalist society immigration policy has primarily served the interests of capital in the form of labor force reproduction.

From the Paper
"This essay will critically examine the issue of immigration and Canadian nation-building within a sociological perspective. A particular focus of the paper will be on the contradiction between the ideal of immigration, as reflected in the changes to immigration policy in the 1960s and the introduction of official Multiculturalism in the 1970s, and the realities of immigration in regard to its being embedded in the social class and power distribution structures of Canada. In this context, it will be argued that in our capitalist society immigration policy has primarily served the interests of capital in the form of labour force reproduction."

Tags:multiculturalism, north, nationalism, border

Abstract
This paper explains that nation building is the process by which a nation is structured or constructed by utilizing the power of the state. The author points out that nation building can use either propaganda or publicity to promote the desired results, or it may use major infrastructure development, as in the case of post WWII Germany and Japan, to promote and foster harmony and stability in the political process, so that social and economic growth is achieved. The paper relates that, today after the conflict in Iraq, 'nation building' has been used in an entirely different context than post WWII; armed forces of mainly the United States are being used as an agent to ensure the transition to 'democracy' in the process of nation building in Iraq and Afghanistan.

From the Paper
"In Japan, as stated earlier, the basic occupation authority was concentrated on one single nation, and indeed, one single individual, Douglas MacArthur. This meant that this person did not need to consult with other countries in his nation building activities, whereas in Germany, it was entirely different, and furthermore, the two most important international bodies for oversight and for consultation, namely the 'Far Eastern Commission', and the 'ACJ', had little or no impact on the entire process. Unilateralism also helped the United States in concentrating all its energies and resources in the overall reconstruction efforts and to expend less energy in trying to forge a consensus between the partners, as it happened in Germany."

Tags:marshall-plan, africa, lessons, occupying-power, unilateralism

Abstract
This essay critically examines the issue of immigration and Canadian nation-building within a sociological perspective. A particular focus of the paper is on the contradiction between the ideal of immigration, as reflected in the changes to immigration policy in the 1960s and the introduction of official multiculturalism in the 1970s, and the realities of immigration in regard to its being embedded in the social class and power distribution structures of Canada. In this context, the paper argues that in our capitalist society immigration policy has primarily served the interests of capital in the form of labor force reproduction. This being said, it is then argued that the existence of a multicultural and multiracial society represents a clear challenge to the existing power distribution in Canadian society; a challenge that has been met by policies such as official multiculturalism which are instruments by which the capitalist state seeks to control and channel dissent and thereby ensure the perpetuation of the Canadian status quo.

From the Paper
"Thus, the labour force of Canada was not biologically reproducing itself on a generational basis by the later decades of the twentieth century. In order to meet this shortfall, the Government of Canada resorted to immigration to supply a labour force to meet the demands of the Canadian economy. These demands are complex, for the Labour Force Reproduction model indicates that the economy needs a labour supply not only in terms of production but also to consume the goods produced. As a result, in the years in which the Canadian fertility rates were declining (after 1956) the Canadian immigration levels were increasing. From 1954 to 1992 Canada accepted 5.7 million immigrants. These immigrants fulfilled a wide number of economic roles in Canadian society, from contributing as business class immigrants and supplying entrepreneurial investment funds, to those who work in the commercial and corporate sectors. In addition, we must not forget the significant numbers of immigrants who worked as unpaid labour - often women - and so subsidized the paid labour force in Canada."

Tags:capitalist, labor, force, immigrants, liberization

Abstract
This paper explains that a building society is a Financial Institution that is owned by all its members rather than by its shareholders which plays the role of paying interests on the deposits made by the members and also of lending money to its members by proposing to keep the property as security in order to enable them to buy a house of their own. The paper then details the history of the Abbey National Building Society from its beginnings in 1944 to the present day as well as what Abbey National Building Society has had to do to remain successful.

From the Paper
"The market conditions at the time were very strict and regulated, and there was stiff competition everywhere. The 1986 occurrence of the 'Big Bang' served to break down all the traditional barriers that a person would expect in a Bank, and soon banks and other financial institutions became more capable of offering a wide range of financial services that hitherto had not been done. Abbey Building Society had at this time already demonstrated its free and independent thinking by breaking away from the Cartel of building societies that had insisted on certain fixed basic mortgage rates for everyone. Therefore when the decision to convert into a plc was taken in 1989, and after the conversion had actually taken place, there was a dramatic increase in the number of shareholders in the United Kingdom: the numbers rose from 6 million to 9.5 million, a 50% increase. (Conversion to plc, the Background)"

Tags:financial, services, lower, cost, borrow, money, borrowers, savers, bank, conversion

Abstract
This paper accounts for the problems that afflicted the new central American state, Mexico, during its first half-century of existence. This paper argues that the underlying problem was the absence of a shared political-constitutional vision within the country's creole elite. It further explains that what the new state needed to realize its potential was a period of sustained peace accompanied by the implementation of a consistent political-constitutional vision. From the point of view of nation building, it was not important whether the vision of the nation was liberal or conservative.

From the Paper
"Although the constitutional settings to enable the new state to function smoothly had been laid down by the federalist constitution of 1824, during the first few decades after independence the elite grew increasingly divided over matters of political direction. A division manifested itself between liberals and conservatives. However, neither side ever remained in power long enough to impose its particular vision of political order upon Mexican society. Historically, dangerous divisions of this kind have been resolved or suppressed by a stable period of authoritarian, "strong man" rule. A peculiarity of the Mexican situation was that Mexico's greatest strong man in this period, General Santa Anna, did not use his power and popularity to create a consensus in favor of either liberalism or conservatism. Without elite consensus on constitutional fundamentals, however, there was not the least chance of successfully incorporating the Indians into the new order. The "caste war" of Yucatan was the most dramatic outcome of the Mexican elite's inability to establish an elementary consensus about the principles and character of the new republic."

Tags:state, independance, rule, liberalism, conservatism, republic, mexico

Abstract
This paper explores the philosophy and events behind the formation of the US Constitution. In particular, it examines how the political philosophy during the Confederation period of the United States developed into two important documents--the Articles of Confederation followed by the US Constitution. The paper describes why the Articles of Confederation were not sufficient in delineating the basic tenets of the new nation. The formation of the Constitution and its relevance today is also described.

From the Paper
" It was soon -indeed, only two years after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation- obvious, however, that "the system of state politics [could] not assure America's future" (Washington, 1783). In other words, the framework of the Articles of Confederation proved too idealistic to be put into practice. The Nationalists -that is to say, those who were in favour of a strong national government, such as Madison- deeply believed that the Articles of Confederation had to be altered. Actually, they had led to several problems within the colonies: political and social unrest, economic difficulties, trading problems and unfair practices - "no money is paid into the public treasury; no respect is paid to the federal authority. Not a single state complies with the requisitions; several pass them over silence, and some positively reject them" (E. Marienstras, Naissance de la Repulique Federale, from The Writings of James Madison). Those issues resulted from the fact that Congress was not entitled to take decisions that would save the Confederation from disintegration: it did not have any coercive power. No common government existed. The emergency was then to avoid a clash between the states and to consolidate the union: all the states had to be represented in Congress. It was even said during the Hartford Convention of 1814 that "the lack of coercive power was the greatest defect in the 'general government of the continent'" (M. Jensen, The New Nation). Indeed, too much liberty -be this conception conceivable- within the sovereign states would lead to anarchy and confusion. Too much freedom of power for the individual states would lead to too democratic a union, and all this would bring about nothing but everlasting disputes and unrest. Too much power in the hands of ordinary people would lead to "mob rule", chaos and despotism."

Tags:American, Revolution, Articles, of, Confederation, Constitution, Declaration, of, Independence, Confederation, period

Abstract
The regulation of building construction can be traced back 4,000 years to cultures such as the Chinese, Greek, and Roman empires. Building regulations arose from the attempts of our ancestors to establish ways to control or avoid devastation from building fires and construction failures. Today, there are a number of specific parameters that affect the cost of buildings, including government building codes, which are enacted to protect public health and safety; these can take the form of both prescriptive and performance requirements, as well as industry demands that may not be reflected in actual building codes themselves, which consist of such desirable factors as climate control, elevators, and other aesthetics. Based on the efficiencies provided by standardized codes, the trend toward adoption of such codes nationally and internationally would seem to be a prudent choice for builders and municipalities. This study examines what the three code-making bodies within the United States were doing, are doing, and how they are now working together to produce a common building code for the United States to improve the safety, aesthetics, and functionality of the building conditions required for the entire country. The hypothesis of this paper is that, as a result of this leadership and innovation in the United States, improvements in building codes will extend to the developing countries of the world.

From the Paper
"Gene Fessenbecker, author of Building Codes and the Construction Contractor, says that, "The regulation of building construction can be traced back 4,000 years to cultures such as the Chinese, Greek and Roman empires. Building regulations arose from the attempts of our ancestors to establish ways to control or avoid devastation from building fires and construction failures. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson tried to establish some of the earliest design and construction regulations in America for the purpose of protecting public health and safety" (Fessenbecker 1). Today, there are a number of specific parameters that affect the cost of buildings including government building codes, a which are enacted to protect public health and safety; these can take the form of both prescriptive and performance requirements, as well as industry demands which may not be reflected in actual building codes themselves which consist of such desirable factors as climate control, elevators and other aesthetics. This study is intended to examine what the three code-making bodies within the United States were doing, are doing and how they are now working together to produce a common Building Code for the United States to improve the safety, aesthetics, and functionability of the building conditions required for the entire country. The hypothesis of this paper will be that as a result of this leadership and innovation in the United States, improvements in building codes will extend to the developing countries of the world."

Tags:construction, contract, engineering, fighting, fire, ibc, law, permit, property, single, trades, ubc, union

Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of whether the United States is another imperialist nation, seeking to build an empire. The paper contends that in the late 1800s and throughout the 1900s this statement can be argued in terms of historical developments in the U.S., which impacted the world. The paper illustrates how the United States did in fact act imperialistically either through a formal or informal empire. This imperialism had negative effects throughout the world and continues still today.

From the Paper
"The policy of extending the control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires, either through direct or indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries isn't a concept conceived by the European explorers (Imperialism). The existence of empires dates back to the beginning of written history in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Here, local rulers extended their realms by conquering other states and holding them in a state of subjection or partial subjection. In Asia there were long lasting and complex imperial organizations demonstrated by various Chinese dynasties. This ancient imperialism reached its climax under the Roman Empire, the eastern part of which lasted until late into the Middle Ages as the Byzantine Empire. So, for arguments sake, the United States was late in this game, for it didn't actually acquire colonial possessions until the Spanish-American War in 1898."

Tags:foreign, policy, empires

Abstract
This paper explains how President Bush's speech is an extension of his foreign policy. All forms of rhetoric in his speech are carefully explored to show the extent to which he is trying to build a coalition in the name of his ill-rhetoric.

From the Paper
"In President Bush's speech, "No Nation Can Be Neutral in This Conflict," he praises the support of the nations that are helping the fight against terrorism. In his address to those attending, the Polish, Central and Eastern Nations, at the Warsaw Conference on Combating Terrorism, the president uses many forms of rhetoric to set the tone of his speech. The title alone, "No Nation Can Be Neutral," sets the tone that there can be either "good or bad." A nation can either be on the side of American or the side of terrorist, or in other words, "If you are not with us you are against us." The tools of persuasion the president uses to accomplish winning the war on terror includes logical persuasion in the soundness for the move to action, emotional reactions to justify support, and his credibility as president of the United States to act in reasonable cause against terror."

Tags:agression, american, anti, imperalism, president, sentiment, terrorism

Abstract
This paper is an addition to a thesis that examines the build-operate-transfer (BOT) method of building infrastructure as it is used in Kuwait from a qualitative perspective. Questionnaires were administered to a number of individuals in Kuwait using purposive sampling methods. Problems associated with BOT such as waste, corruption, and unfair bidding practices are among the issues discussed in this thesis. The use of BOT for building the economies of developing nations and transforming them into developed nations is discussed, as are a variety of other issues identified by questionnaire respondents.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview
Problem Definition
Research Objectives
Research Questions
Research Methodology
Data Analysis
Method
Thesis Structure
Literature Review
Introduction
Structure of BOT
Advantages and Disadvantages of BOT
Two Cases Why Kuwait Should Use BOT
Literature Gap Questionnaire
References

From the Paper
"One of the most critical needs for developing nations is the creation of basic infrastructure such as electricity, paved roadways, highways, bridges, potable water, telecommunications and other amenities that are vital to establishing and sustaining ..."

Tags:BOT, build-operate-transfer, Kuwait, Middle East, Gulf states, wasta, corruption, government, bidding, selection, BOT projects, infrastructure, roadway, railway, developing country, developing nation, developed nation, economy, questionnaire, qualitative