Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to determine the need of the effectiveness of various methods of motivation on the employee and suggesting a model that creates a practical application for the methods and the determinants of the application.

Tags:employee, motivation, literature

Abstract
This paper sets out to determine the relationship between teachers' motivation and their engagement in educational reform initiatives. It uses a random sample of 50 teachers from five Abu Dhabi high schools, and focuses on the role that motivation plays in improving teacher engagement with the educational policies. The research also aims to determine whether a lack of motivation can influence teacher involvement with education reforms carried out in schools. The paper includes a literature review on the subject and several tables of results.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Research Aims
Research Objectives
Significance of Research
Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Abu Dhabi Education Council: An Overview
Teacher Motivation
Self-Determination Theory
Methodology
Research Approach
Research Design
Respondents and Sampling Plan
Procedure
Questionnaire
Reliability and Validity
Ethical Considerations
Method of Data Analysis
Results and Discussion
Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
''The present study aimed to determine the relationship between teachers' motivation and their engagement in educational reform initiatives. Using a random sample of 50 teachers from five Abu Dhabi high schools, the study found that teacher motivation with ADEC educational reform- related activities as well as their engagement in these were at neutral levels. There are also significant, positive correlations between all the subscales of motivation and overall motivation on one hand, and teacher engagement on the other. This research has lent further support to the self-determination theory, suggesting that teacher motivation among Abu-Dhabi schools is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Although intrinsic motivation has been found to bring about favorable outcomes, extrinsic motivation may yield either positive or negative results, depending on the level of self-determination. In the current study though, it has garnered a positive correlation with teacher engagement in educational reform.''

Tags:school, teaching, learning, motivation

Abstract
The paper examines how a wide range of theories have been advanced to help foster reading motivation among young learners, with some methods being more effective than others. The paper looks at how process drama has been shown to be effective in fostering reading motivation among young learners. Additionally, the paper provides an overview of Readers Theatre and process drama and how teachers can use these techniques to foster reading motivation among young learners today. A critical review of the relevant literature is used to identify effective techniques that can be used to specifically implement process drama in the elementary and middle school classroom. These techniques help make reading more enjoyable to children and adolescents, improve their reading skills and help them see the value of reading in their lives.

Outline:
i)Introduction
ii)Review and Discussion:
Background and Overview
What Process Drama/Readers Theater is and How It is Implemented
How Readers Theatre/Process Drama Can Foster Reading Motivation
Future Areas for Research
iii)Conclusion
iv)References

From the Paper
"While the Readers Theatre approach has enjoyed wide support with proven results in a wide range of settings, these authors suggest that there is a very real downside to its use over the long-term: "Students need to understand that the goal of all reading is constructing meaning, and it is important that instructional activities have a clear purpose that matches students' needs and interests. Repeated reading, while clearly effective in the short term, may not hold students' attention over long periods" (Worthy & Prater, 2002, p. 295). Moreover, while fluency is widely considered to be an essential aspect of reading, Worthy and Prater (2002) point out that, "Children's ability to read fluently does more than make them sound like good readers; it is evidence that they comprehend what they are reading."

Tags:develop, decoding, National, Assessment, of, Educational, Progress, literature, expressive

Abstract
This paper examines the issue of employee motivation, citing experts such as Jack Welch and Peter Drucker. Includes a review of the literature on the subject to extract essential principles and insights.

From the Paper
"One of the key challenges of management is motivating employees. Despite a proliferation of motivational theories and tactics offered down through the years, however, no overarching definitive guidance that applies to all employees in all companies has ever been developed. The reason for this is quite simple; no theory or tactic works for every employee or every situation. It is incumbent upon managers to examine the rich body of literature available on the subject to gain knowledge about motivational factors and strategies, tips for improving motivation and insights..."

Tags:motivation, insights, strategies, environment, tips, guidelines, Jack Welch, Peter Drucker, manager, employee, recognition, money

Abstract
Improving employee morale and motivation is a critical concern for managers in order to increase productivity. This paper discusses employee morale and motivation, including a review of literature describing views on extrinsic versus intrinsic motivators and some of the debates regarding motivation in general. The paper closes with a classification of methods for managers on improving employee morale and motivation in five categories: monetary rewards; work-life balance; career-oriented benefits; entertainment; and status enhancing.

From the Paper
"As supply chain managers continue to seek innovative ways to improve efficiency, there are few changes that would impact the overall supply chain as much as improving employee morale and employee motivation. While improving employee morale and motivation might be more challenging during an economic downturn, there remain numerous low-cost avenues available to all managers. This paper addresses methods for improving employee morale and employee motivation in order to increase productivity."

Tags:appraisal, chain, culture, efficiency, extrinsic, feedback, instrinsic, logistics, morale, motivation, organizational, productivity, purchasing, supply

Abstract
This paper points to the literature that explains how and why some students become motivated to do well in school and others do not. The paper refers to Albert Bandura's important work in psychology, in particular his learning tool of "self-efficacy," which measures confidence and reinforces positive goal-setting as a way of building the power of motivation within one's own self.

From the Paper
"This aspect of self-efficacy carries over into a student's writing abilities; and a writer with a "strong sense of confidence" may excel while writing an essay because there will be less apprehension over the quality of what the writer is trying to express. The writer may have some doubts about whether the essay is going to be strong enough (or not), but self-efficacy provides the "resiliency in the face of adversity," Pajares explains.
"That means, once a student has confidently said to himself, before launching into a project, that he can do this (self-assessment is a big part of motivating one's self), there is resilience (a resistance to giving up when the writing gets a little tough) that pushes the student on. After all, he has said out loud or perhaps written down his confident belief that he can complete the assignment, and the echo of that promise to himself is powerful, if of course it was sincere in the first place."

Tags:self-efficacy, motivation, achievement

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at what may be learned from historical literature. The writer maintains that historical literature can give a good view of life in past time periods. It can also show the reader that people in these time periods had similar thought, feelings and motivations.

From the Paper
"Historical literature such as Oroonoko(1688), Canterbury Tales(1343), Pride and Prejudice(1813) and Twelfth Night(1623) attempts to provide a window to previous eras to readers. However, the viability of historical literature as a tool for studying history is debatable. This is because historical literature is usually fiction based in a given time period. This means that it is difficult to determine when the history ends and the fiction begins. All of this would seem to indicate that historical fiction is a poor tool for studying history. This leads to the question, what can we possibly ..."

Tags:historical, literature, tool

Abstract
This research paper provides an overview of the problem of motivation within the context of the organizational behavior, concentrating on literature about motivation concepts and their application in practice. The paper also analyzes the basic principles of every motivating theory in the framework of organizational behavior. The paper asserts that the motivation of people within an organization is among the most important prerequisites for its success, and that organizations that are unable to reach and motivate their employees are predestined to fail. The paper explores the example case of DVI Group, a Bulgarian company. While the paper admits that there is no universally applicable theory of human motivation, it concludes with the hope that the 21st century will offer an entirely new paradigm for understanding the behavior of the employee and his or her motivation for work in the organization. An example of This paper contains an illustrative figure.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review and Application of Literature In Practice
Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
Content Theories of Motivation
Process Theories of Motivation
Application of Literature In Practice. The Case of Dzi Insurance
Conclusions
References

From the Paper
"Two main theories prevailed in the literature from the 1940s - 1960s. The theory of B. F. Skinner (1953) is based on operant conditioning. He focuses on reinforcing stimulus with different schedules (fixed ratio schedule, fixed interval schedule, variable schedules), and the opposite: aversive stimuli (punishment, negative reinforcement). Another technique Skinner uses is behavior modification (b-mod) - replacement of the undesirable behavior of the individual with a reinforced desirable behavior (Ferster & Skinner, 1957)."

Tags:employee, psychology, workplace, morale, intrinsic, extrinsic, human

Abstract
This paper presents the hypothesis that organizations fail to recognize the impact that employee motivation has upon retaining the organization's critical employees and because of the failure to understand this impact, organizations often fail to retain critical employees. The paper provides a literature review on motivation theories that demonstrates how motivation of employees involves meeting basic needs and then advancing to the more complex needs of the employee. The paper outlines a study on this issue and presents the findings that are relevant to managers who wish to retain their employees.

Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Rationale
Methodology
Literature Review
Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Self-Determination Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Contingent and Non-contingent Rewards
Participative Management Theories and Motivation
Vroom's Expectancy Theory
Strategic Human Resource Management
Wiley - Study on Forty Years of Motivation Surveys
Leadership and Motivation
The Study
Results
Conclusion
Recommendations
Questions on the Impact of Employee Motivation To Keep Critical Employees

From the Paper
"Past research has clearly demonstrated that motivation of employees determines whether they will remain with their employer or if they will instead seek work with a new employer. Many times critical and key employees leave their employment when that employee would have been satisfied to remain with their previous employer if only some seemingly unimportant issues were addressed. In the present business environment which is characterized by instability and an economic downturn, retaining critical and key employees is of vast important to organizations as maintaining organizational efficiency, stability, and productivity is critically reliant upon these specific key employees of the organization remaining in their positions of employment with the organization. Because of this, it is critically important that today's organizational leaders understand precisely what factors serve to motivate employees."

Tags:Herzberg, Maslow, Vroom, incentives, rewards, participative, management

Abstract
This paper presents a review of literature on the role of motivation in second or foreign language learning. It explains that motivation is divided into two basic types to integrate into the target language community. It shows how motivation is comprised of three primary elements: Efforts: Time invested in study of the language and learner drive; Desire: How much proficiency in the language is wanted by the learner; and Effect: Emotional response of the learner in relation to language study. It defines motivation as the learner's orientation with regard to the goal of learning a second language.
Abstract
Purpose
Literature Review
ESL Model
Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Outcomes
Summary & Conclusion

From the Paper
"Integrative motivation has been found in studies (Taylor, Meyunard and Theault, 1977; Ellis, 1997; Crookes et al 1991) to sustain long-terms success when learning a second language. Stated is that because motivation is a critical factors in L2achievement and for this very reasons identification of the type and combination of motivation that is key in the successful acquisition of a second language while simultaneously viewing motivation "as one of a number of variables in an intricate model of interrelated individual and situational factors which are unique to each language learner." (Norris-Holt, 2003)"

Tags:learning, linguistics, target