Abstract
The paper relates that mothers, particularly those who are expecting a baby or have just given birth to a child, constitute a distinct social group with its own concerns, rituals, symbols, and norms. The paper discusses how these characteristics naturally vary from one society to another; the rituals associated with being pregnant, giving birth, and entering motherhood differ in traditional African tribes, Asian cultures, ancient South American societies, or modern-day America and Europe. In this paper the writer focuses on new mothers in the United States and considers their shared sense of group identity, language manifestations associated with having a child, and challenges that separate them from other social groups. The paper pays particular attention to single mothers, the difficulties they face, and ways in which they cope with their situation. In the course of this paper, the writer takes into account the issues of race, economic status, and social expectations that affect the experience of new and single mothers.

From the Paper
"Mothers, particularly those who are expecting a baby or have just given birth to a child, constitute a distinct social group with its own concerns, rituals, symbols, and norms. These characteristics naturally vary from one society to another. The rituals associated with being pregnant, giving birth, and entering motherhood differ in traditional African tribes, Asian cultures, ancient South American societies, or modern-day America and Europe. In this paper I will focus on new mothers in the United States and consider their shared sense of group identity, language manifestations associated with having a child, and challenges..."

Tags:single, mothers, group

Abstract
An analysis of the images and use of sounds in Robert L. Hindshaw's poem, "Mother's Hands."

Tags:Hindshaw, mother, hands

Abstract
The paper offers an analysis of Langston Hughes' poem "Mother to Son." The paper discusses the themes of the poem; the African American experience and philosophy of life. The paper notes the poetic devices used such as metaphors, diction, tone and language.

From the Paper
"American poet Langston Hughes was one of the major writers of the Harlem Renaissance that brought about an upsurge in African American self-awareness and self-expression. Hughes' poetry focused on race-related issues of his era in language that was readily accessible to his readers. His poetry reflects a love of humanity together with race pride and bitterness over the treatment of African Americans. The poem "Mother to Son" contains all these elements. It is both a poem of racial protest and racial affirmation."

Tags:Langston, Hughes, Poem, Mother, Son, African-American, Poetic, Metaphor

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the life and accomplishments of Mother Teresa, a Catholic nun known worldwide for her work with the poor and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.

From the Paper
"According to Anne Sebba in her book 'Mother Teresa' Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje Macedonia. Mother Teresa believed that the day of her baptism was her true birthday. Her Catholic family was of Albanian descent. Five children were born to Nikola and Dronda Bojaxhiu but only three survived. Agnes was the youngest of three surviving children. Mother Teresa consistently refused to talk about her childhood in details. She dismissed such questions as unimportant but was quick to add ..."

Tags:Mother Teresa, nun, Sister, Catholic, charity, death, Nobel Prize, Missionaries of Charity, Pope, Holy See, Canonization, beatification

Abstract
By using the chief of the Sioux tribe as narrator, the paper traces the history of the tribe. The paper begins with a description of life on the plains around Lake Superior, wars with the rival Ojibwa tribe and then carries the reader until the time when the tribe is forced to seek unification with other tribes in order to fight a new enemy, the white man.

From the Paper
"The white men's approach shows their nature of treachery that leaves them unfit for any pact from our end. In spite of the reality that the white men are better equipped in arms than us, forget not my men that the white man is not well equipped in his will. If we can win them, we can win by our will; by our determination; by our unity for our mother. We know the land as none other, for we have roamed therein years together for buffalo hunting and the big game.
These white men cannot overpower us if we resist their intrusion wisely. I have known that they come from different lands from far. Some are different from the others. If we can use these differences to make them fight among themselves for the land, we can win half of the battle. Then, the white men shall have the taste of their own medicine."

Tags:Minnesota, prejudices, battlefield, tribal

Abstract
This paper considers the politics of ethnography and indigeneity as they both concern the Honey Lake Maidu Tribe of Lassen County, California. The paper points out how ethnographers who have studied the Honey Lake Maidu tribe and other native-American tribes have been people who, to put it mildly, have been the progeny of a culture that is white, primarily Christian or Jewish, and modernist in its sensibilities and in its disdain for indigenous societies. This is seen as mistreating the Honey Lake Maidu's historical narrative.

From the Paper
"The ensuing essay will look at the politics of ethnography and indigeneity as they both concern the Honey Lake Maidu Tribe of Lassen County, California. Cultural identity is one of those things that every group wants to have control over; when our culture is identified as one thing or as another, an implicit (and sometimes not so implicit) value judgment is being made about the members of that cultural group. For generations, ethnographers who have studied the Honey Lake Maidu tribe and other native-American tribes have been people who, to put it mildly, have been..."

Tags:california, ethnography, indigeneity

Abstract
The paper analyzes the poems of Joy Harjo, a member of the Muskogee Tribe of American Indians and of mixed American Indian and European heritage. The paper shows how her poems integrate the past and the present to show continuance in life from one generation to the next. The writer discusses how Harjo was still connected to some of the ways of the earlier Native Americans. The paper further examines the use of repetition as a poetic device.

From the Paper
"The interesting aspect about Harjo's poem "Remember" (2004, 42) from a new historic approach is that it does as she says: incorporates the past the present. In the poem, the reader first is reminded to remember the past, when the American Indians told stories about nature and the world around them. Then Harjo jumps in time to the present to an Iowa City bar, which perhaps is a reflection on the problems that American Indians have had on the reservations with alcohol and the disease fetal alcohol syndrome. It may also mean that American Indian women are in a different role today than in the past. They can be found in male-oriented environments as well as those normally considered for females such as the home."

Tags:Iowa, American, Indian, Remember, mother, earth

Abstract
The paper defines the female social integration elements of modern art in Africa in the sculptural medium of the figurine. By examining the elements of mother/daughter relationships found in the cultural assimilation of dolls in Mossi tribe, the paper shows how the carved wooden doll (the Biiga) represents a way for girls to learn and practice social customs for childcare and for teaching external physical traits. However, the paper notes that the wooden sculpture of the figurine does not always reveal the way that mothers teach their young, but also how they can help to nurture a mother in the death of her infant. The paper highlights how the Akiode Twins analyzed in this study reveals the complex magical rites and social integration that brings a mother and child together, even after death.

Tags:art, doll, figure

Abstract
This paper analyzes the themes of culture, dignity and self-respect in Native-American short stories. "Borders" by Thomas King, for example, is a short story about a mother and a boy who belong to the Blackfoot tribe living on a Canadian reservation. The story is told from the boy's perspective and is a remembrance of an experience he and his mother endured while trying to cross the border between Canada and the United States. Other stories analyzed within this paper include "How to Write the Great American Indian Novel" by Sherman Alexie, "Captivity" by Lousie Erdrich, "Captivity" by Lousie Erdrich and "Indian Boarding School: The Runaways" by Lousie Erdrich.

From the Paper
"To analyze 'How to Write the Great American Indian Novel' by Sherman Alexie, it is important to understand the term 'horse culture' because it is a metaphor mentioned throughout the piece time and time again. The term horse culture is metaphorically used to sarcastically imply a superior culture--stronger, braver, more prosperous, and more beautiful.
"The term 'half-breed' is also used over and over again. The author mentions that the hero should be a half-breed--half white, and half Indian. This implies that being half white makes the Native American look less ethic, more commercially appealing, more acceptable as a human being to the dominant white culture. The author further brings this message home by saying that the Indian woman '...should be compared to nature: brown hills, mountains, fertile valleys, dewy grass, wind, and clear water.' Here he is trying to emphasize a Caucasian commercialized perception of a beautiful Native American woman--something from Disney's Pocahontas--not a real woman."

Tags:culture, dignity, self-respect, experience, themes

Abstract
This paper analyzes the creation myths of a Native American Iroquois tribe, China's Mother Goddess Nu Kwa and the biblical story from Genesis of Adam and Eve. In all three stories, the author points out that the earth is created by something greater than the people who inhabit it. The paper underscores that all three stories have a dark side---a moment when all goes wrong and must be fixed---that is resolved depending upon the physical environment and culture of the society.

From the Paper
"Other similarities between the Chinese story of creation and the Iroquois story are the turtles that support the world. In the Chinese, after the world had gone wrong, Nu Kwa saw the ruins of the pillars of that supported the four compass points of the world and replaced them with the legs of the turtle. In the Iroquois story, the turtle agreed to hold the world on his back after the heavens had been cracked open and the sky woman cast down. In contrast to these two versions of the creation story, in the story of Genesis. there is no turtle; the world is created to fill a void."

Tags:animals turtle, ruling class, punishment, childbirth