Abstract
This paper analyzes the history of illusions and the effect they have had on the intellectual development of the western world. The paper discusses the roots of the problem of the moon allusion in philosophy and the crossover into psychology. An outline is presented of what the moon illusion is, illustrating the issues of size and distance of the moon. The paper provides some of the common responses to the moon allusion by people like Baird and Wagner, Kaufman and Rock, Parks, and Reed. The implications for both science and philosophy for the various outcomes achieved by the researchers are examined.

From the Paper
"Open up any philosophical text, from the elementary textbook, Does the Center Hold? by Donald Palmer to the Oxford History of Western Philosophy. The first entry in the book will be Socrates. Even as far back as that, and probably further back than that, people have been concerned with the problems of perception. Idealism, realism, skepticism. How do we know what we know when the world can change so frequently, so fast. If our senses sometimes deceive us, and they tend to deceive us often, how can we rely upon them to tell us about the outside world. Perhaps it was when these questions were first posed that the science of psychology was first born."

Tags:astronomy, optical, geometric, speed, light, gestalt, mirror, distance

Abstract
The paper explores depth perception and its application to illusion and addresses color vision, motion vision and higher order visual processes. The paper focuses on Ames' room and the moon illusion and shows how depth perception along with motion based, binocular, and independent motion are integral to the accomplishment of an illusion.

From the Paper
"In 1896 Thiery proposed a theory that involved illusion configurations as they applied to depth perception. The theory further suggested that illusions reconfigure pictorial depth cues that allow an audience member to evoke a two dimensional shape in a three dimensional space. The depth cues are also implicit enough to change the constancy scaling for not only the size of a shape and observer might see but also the shape itself (Ward, et al. 1997, p.609). Of the illusions that exist that are prone to depth perception reconfiguration, Gregory (1968) gives a rather compelling study of the Mueller-Lyer figure (Ward, 610). This illusion is presented in dim lighting with a very dark background and uses as its base of depth perception a perception of monocular. This approach lessens textural cues and fulfilled its perception obligation by redesigning the perceived amount of space."

Tags:color, motion, vision, Ames', room, moon, space

Abstract
The writer relates that when he conducted an experiment based upon applying the scientific method to observe and study the phenomenon of the moon's apparent change in colour, it became evident from the results that atmospheric effects seemed to be making the moon appear to be a different colour when it was just above the earth's horizon than when it was high in the sky later in the evening. After observing this phenomenon, the writer conducted research and learned that air molecules in the earth's atmosphere are the physical mechanism responsible for the apparent orange hue of the moon when it first rises above the horizon, for they scatter the light, making some colours of the spectrum more visible and other colours less visible.

From the Paper
"When I conducted an experiment based upon applying the scientific method to observe and study the phenomenon of the moon's apparent change in colour, it became evident from the results that atmospheric effects seemed to be making the moon appear to be a different colour when it was just above the earth's horizon than when it was high in the sky later in the evening. After observing this phenomenon, I conducted research and learned..."

Tags:moon, changing, color

Abstract
The paper looks at the research by Hammad, Kennedy, Juricevic, and Rajani (2008) that tests four theories concerning what is called the angle illusion, an illusion seen in paintings and drawings because of misperceptions by the observer as he or she tends to translate the angles in three-dimensional objectives drawn into the scene as tending toward 90-degree angels even when they are not and may instead show angles much larger than that. The paper relates that the authors see three major sources for this illusion, the first being the way artists judge visual angles so that the linear size of the object interferes with impressions of its visual angle, the second as different marks interact so that a mark that looks wrong on its own looks right because of perspective in the scene, and distorted impressions created by panoramic projections of the world.

From the Paper
"The research by Hammad, Kennedy, Juricevic, and Rajani (2008) tests four theories concerning what is called the angle illusion, an illusion seen in paintings and drawings because of misperceptions by the observer as he or she tends to translate the angles in three-dimensional objectives drawn into the scene as tending toward 90-degree angels even when they are not and may instead show angels much larger than that. The authors see three major sources for this illusion, the first being the way artists judge visual angles so that the linear size of the object interferes with impressions of its visual angle, the second as different marks interact so that a mark that looks wrong on its own looks right because of perspective..."

Tags:angle, illusion, research

Abstract
This paper looks how theatre drama looks at the questions of what is real and what is an illusion in society and how can we know the difference. Two plays are analyzed in this context: Edward Albee's "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" and Oscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Ernest"; both authors have a lot to say about what is the real truth about their societies and what really lies behind the images we are supposed to see, as George in Albee's play states: "Truth and illusion. Who knows the difference...?" (Albee, 85). The paper shows how often it becomes difficult to distinguish between truth and illusion in these texts.

From the Paper
"This paper will look how theatre drama looks at the questions of what is real and what is an illusion in society and how can we know the difference. Two plays will be analyzed in this context: Edward Albee's "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" and Oscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Ernest". Both authors have a lot to say about what is the real truth about their societies and what really lies behind the images we are supposed to see; as George in Albee's play states: "Truth and illusion. Who knows the difference...?" (Albee, 85). As we will see, often it becomes difficult to distinguish between truth and illusion in these..."

Tags:who is afraid of virginia wolf, the importance of being earnest, illusion

Abstract
This research proposal examines the relationship between self-esteem and the quality of romance in terms of the couples' perceived regard and their own satisfaction of the relationship. The paper aims to describe the importance of positive illusion as a mediator of the perception of the intimates. The paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of such positivity and how it relates to self-esteem. The paper further discusses the impact it has on the relationship quality and whether illusion or reality is more important?

Outline:
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion

From the Paper
"People with high self-esteem are somehow more motivated to repair their mood and are more likely to take the initiative to action in some way that would make them happier. (Heimpel et al. 2002) High self-esteem beings are more satisfied with their intimate relationships due to protection of self-worth and positive illusions. However, as much as these individuals idealize their relationship with their partner, there bound to be times when the conflict is too perceptible that challenges their belief in a perfect relationship; this should be when high and low self-esteem people differ with each other. If high self-esteem people do indeed have higher motivation to make themselves feel better; the hypothesis is that when positive illusions cannot play a role in repairing the negative feeling towards the relationship because the conflict is too overt, there is a high likelihood for high self-worth individuals to adopt the approach commitment (rather than the avoidance commitment) which is proven to be positively associated with relationship satisfaction. In other words, the reason for the tendency for high self-esteem people be more satisfied with their relationships is that their style of commitment which can enhance the intimate relationship. "

Tags:romance, romantic, relationship, self, esteem, positive, illusion, positivity, self, denial, intimacy, intimate, partner, satisfaction, quality, research, method, proposal, mood, regulation, negativity, motivation, motivated, reasoning, vicious, cycle, feedback, loop, happiness, self

Abstract
The paper describes the geology of the moon as determined by samples brought back from the moon and gravitational and magnetic studies carried out by the Apollo and Lunar Prospector missions. It describes the types of minerals found on the moon, and how the various geologic features were formed.

Tags:ferroan anorthocites, basalts, KREEP, magma

Abstract
The paper relates that the Saturnian moon of Titan is interesting, in that while it is a moon, it has many characteristics of a planet, and in a sense, is similar to earth. The paper describes the composition and atmosphere of Titan, its surface and the information about the moon that has been gained via the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft.

Outline:
Titan
Composition and Atmosphere
Cassini Huygens Spacecraft
The Surface
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Titan is the largest moon of Saturn, the name of which find its origins in Greek mythology, in the legend of the Titans, which include Cronus, Saturn in Roman mythology and thereby more relevant. Titan is the only moon in the solar system known to have clouds and a dense atmosphere. It was discovered through the use of a telescope in 1655 by the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens during an exploration of the endless wonders of the night sky. His discover of Titan was the first planetary satellite to be found following the four Galilean moons of Jupiter, and in and of itself was quite substantial. (EB 1) Should one look to the moon from an earth-based telescope, the moon possesses a brownish color with a light red tint and looks primarily flat and featureless, due to the clouds of the atmosphere mentioned above."

Tags:planet, atmosphere, methane, surface, Cassini-Huygens, spacecraft

Abstract
This paper discusses the moon imagery in Shelley's novel and as it relates to her personal life. By associating these ideas of nature, society and man with their respective symbols of the moon, societal traits and the monster, Shelley connected the story of "Frankenstein" to her life. It shows how the moon is used to pinpoint important ideas of "Frankenstein" in relation to the popular opinions during Shelley's time and to indicate her personal connection to characters in the story.

From the Paper
"The Romantic authors considered nature to be pure, void of corruption by society. Although society caused corruption, individuals, at birth, were also pure entities. These ideas existed before the Romantic era, delineated by John Locke during the late seventeenth century. Locke addressed a hypothetical situation: "man in the state of nature." He concluded that, before despoiled by society, man's mind is a "tabula rasa" or blank slate (Palmer 307). The monster, when he initially emerges from Frankenstein's house, is the perfect embodiment of purity. When the monster discovers the moon, he exists in a world of indistinct chaos, feeling only "light, hunger, and thirst, and darkness" (Shelley 88). The monster's elemental existence is a reproduction of the ideas of man's untainted state at birth."

Tags:nature, light, monster

Abstract
This paper analyzes William Least Heat Moon's "Blue Highways", which is an account of his journey along the back roads of the United States. The papers relates that Heat Moon's writing style is so compelling that the reviewer feels as if he is riding along in the passenger seat. A central theme of the story is that, even in Heat Moon's search for his ancestral roots, the only thing that is constant is change.

Table of Contents:
The Adventure
Change: A Constant Theme Throughout
From Beginning to End and Past to Present

From the Paper
"It seems that the looming issues in Heat Moon's life were a major influence on his decision to set out on this journey. After losing his wife to another man and losing his job, he decided to head out on a search for forgotten parts of America and the American experience by traveling the old back roads through old towns. This is an attempt to see passed the superficial nature of modern American culture by connecting with himself and nature by admiring idyllic, and not so idyllic, landscapes."

Tags:change, ancestral roots, connections messages courage