Abstract The paper compares and contrasts the war in Iraq with President Eisenhower's warning about the military-industrialcomplex. The paper argues that because President Eisenhower's warning in 1961 of the growing power and influence of the military-industrialcomplex has been largely forgotten, we are now burdened with the consequences of a war in Iraq. The paper claims that the Iraqwar is reaping massive profits for the defense industry, but is bankrupting the American Treasury and bitterly dividing the country.
From the Paper "Unfortunately, neither the American people nor their leaders have sufficiently heeded President Eisenhower's warnings over the past forty-five years, for the military-industrial complex exists today and has power and influence on a far vaster scale than existed in 1961. The interlocking associations between government leaders and institutions, powerful defense industry corporations, and the Pentagon have produced skyrocketing budget deficits, immense profits for weapons manufacturers, rampant political corruption in Washington D.C., and a bloody fiasco in Iraq."
Abstract This paper discusses President Dwight Eisenhower's warning to Americans in 1961 to beware of the military-industrialcomplex. It explains why he was concerned about the power and influence being accumulated by the defense industry in the United States. The paper discusses the influence of the Cold War tensions between the communist world and the free world on Eisenhower's military-industrialcomplex concerns.
From the Paper " In conclusion, President Dwight Eisenhower's warning in 1961 of the power and influence being accumulated by the military-industrial complex was based on his concerns that the Cold War tensions between the communist world and the free world was creating a permanent industrial-military-political power base in the United States.
President Eisenhower believed that the massive spending on conventional and nuclear weaponry generated by the Cold War was necessary to a certain extent, but he also considered the military-industrial complex that has been created by this spending to be a potential threat to America's democratic institutions and to world peace. That threat is no longer just potential, it is very real, and is inflicting grave damage on America's economy and democratic institutions every day."
Abstract This paper demonstrates that war has developed from a primarily socio-cultural phenomenon with limited technological elements to a mostly technological event that is shaping the socio-cultural nature of human existence. The author hypothesizes that the development of the military-industrialcomplex marked a turning point in human socio-technological development and identifies external influences, including the social, cultural, economic and political factors, that affect war and war techniques. The author states that warfare can be seen as a continuation of the McDonaldization thesis, which suggests that western societies are becoming dominated by the principles of the fast food industry. The paper concludes that, at the beginning of the 21st Century, the corporations dominating the war techniques, high-technologies virtually have eliminated the socio-cultural aspects.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Thesis: War War: from the Socio-Cultural to the Industrial-MilitaryComplex Internal Influences: Increased Economic Globalization
Conclusions: The Overall Influences
From the Paper "Corporations have realized that instability is bad for business. For example, in "The Silent Takeover", one of Noreen Hertz's central arguments is that corporations are engaging in socially beneficial projects because they realized that socio-economic inequality leads to economic instability which is bad for business. This has lead many international corporations to push nation states. In particular they have pushed them to avoid war."
Abstract This paper provides an overview of the various political and economic risk issues confronting international businesses operating in post-warIraq. The paper examines a plan for building a Web design company in the UAE, which would do business in the Middle East and post-warIraq. The paper uses this company as a case study, exploring what factors the company should consider and aspects of international marketing.
From the Paper "Today's business world stretches well beyond national borders. Multinational and global companies have been existence for hundreds of years, but on a limited basis until the twentieth century. During the twentieth..."
Tags: international business, internet, iraq, Web, Crescent Web Design
This brief yet concise paper examines the 'dirty wars' that took over Latin America after military takeovers and economic ruin plagued countries like Argentina and Chile.
Abstract The writer of this paper discusses the dirty wars of Latin America that were enabled by the military forces, which were independent units that had no civilian political control in their own country. This paper looks at how various Latin American military conglomerates governed enormous military-industrialcomplexes which gave them an undue economic strength. This paper also contains relevant historical details and facts on this subject including how Costa Rica avoided a dirty war situation by abolishing its own army in 1948.
From the Paper "During the 1970s, the country entered a steep recession. Starting in the early 1960s, the gross domestic product expanded at a rate of 6 percent annually. This was a reflection of land reforms that were enacted in 1961, which aimed to legalize existing squatter holdings and prevent future squatting, thus giving more than 12,000 people legal rights to arable land. There was a consequent increase in export crops - bananas, coffee, sugarcane being major items - and by the mid-1970s, agriculture had become the dominant factor in the country's export income. In 1973, inflation rates skyrocketed to 15 percent and then to 31 percent in 1974."
Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes the history of human rights abuse and the call for civil liberty in the context of World War II and the United States war against Iraq. The paper posits that, throughout history, intolerance to group diversity has led to the occurrence of human rights abuse, citing in particular the abuses against Japanese-Americans and Iraqi prisoners by the United States military during World War II and Gulf War II, respectively.
From the Paper "Among nations of varying cultures and societies, maintaining satisfactory political relations is a challenge. This is primarily due to differences among leaders and societies that make up this nation; thus, as a result of this diversity, it is inevitable that international relations among countries of the world may experience conflicts and antagonism with each other."
Abstract This paper examines how the Rockefeller Drug Laws issue different punishments for usage of crack and cocaine, with the former more prevalent in communities of color and carrying a greater sentence. White women charged with drug use are viewed to have a problem that can be cured via therapy, whereas women of color are incarcerated for similar offenses. Drug-abusing pregnant mothers are discussed, as well as the differences between the private and public forms of justice that lead to racial inequality in the judicial system. Different court cases are integrated into the argument as means of proof. Behind bars, the gendered differences between male and female prison systems is discussed, as well as the constant abuse and sexual degradation experienced by female prisoners at the hands of male guards. The prison industrialcomplex is also compared to a modern institution of slavery.
From the Paper "The American legal system often targets women of color through unjust law enforcement and the prison system perpetuates systems of inequality found among non-prisoners. Women are mainly incarcerated for non-violent offenses and the circumstances in which their behavior is deemed "criminal" are influenced by racialized stereotypes and the manner in which gender roles are defined and distributed by our society. A majority of feminists have typically failed to address that violence against women by the state/and or military is a tangible enough dilemma and instead focus on domestic violence or violence initiated in the public sphere. Drug laws, in particular, target young and older women of color and their racially specific enforcement in the 'free world' manifests into the ultimate form of domination behind bars, a control that even transcends the color line."
Tags: discrimination, gender, justice, poverty, racism, sexism, slavery, system, women
Abstract This paper discusses one element of the Atlantic Monthly article by Eric Schlosser, "The Prison IndustrialComplex", which is prison labor. It further focuses on both sides of the debate regarding the United State's use of prisoners as labor for major corporations, and the benefits that many are achieving by this process. It also discusses the opposition to the use of prisoners as labor, and how this practice may be considered a civil rights issue that borders on slavery.
From the Paper "In ancient times it was customary for prisoners held in various countries to perform labor as part of their confinement. As civilization grew, and laws were aimed at protecting human rights, prison labor became obsolete because of the dangers to health and life that many forms of prison labor induced. However, in the last few years the debate over prison labor has begun to escalate in the United States. This is due to the rise of major corporations that utilize prisoners for manufacturing, telemarketing, and other forms of industrial manpower. Although some believe that using prisoners as a portion of the corporate workforce is beneficial, others contend that the use of prison labor constitutes a return to the days of slavery in the United States, and is a violation of civil rights. In his Atlantic Monthly article, Eric Schlosser discusses, "The Prison Industrial Complex". "
Abstract This essay discusses whether one has a moral obligation to engage in acts of violence, (for example to start a just war, or to militarily intervene in the affairs of another nation for humanitarian reasons). The essay uses utilitarianism to argue the justification of military intervention and war, while Kantian ethics are used to argue against.
From the Paper "This essay looks at the following ethical question: Do we have a moral obligation to engage in acts of violence, like start a war or to militarily intervene in the affairs of another nation for humanitarian reasons? The essay will argue that, yes from the utilitarian point of view, we do or at least from the utilitarian point of view we can justify starting a war, whilst the Kantian ethical theory will be used to give several objections."
Abstract This paper summarizes and analyzes the United States foreign policy decisions and military events which led to, perpetuated and ended American involvement in the Persian Gulf War, including the military strategy employed by Iraq and the United States during that war. It examines how the Persian Gulf War was precipitated by the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in August 1990 and the determination by the United States that its vital interests were thereby threatened.
Outline
Background to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990
Pre-Gulf WarMilitary Buildup and Diplomacy
Military Strategy of Iraq and the United States
War Termination
Conclusion
From the Paper "American satellite photographs alerted United States intelligence to Iraq's buildup of forces north of the Kuwaiti border which reached over 100,000 troops by late July 1990. The administration of George Bush dismissed these moves as saber-rattling. American Ambassador to Iraq April Glaspie told Hussein on July 25, 1990: "we have no opinion on the Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreements with Kuwait" (Bennis and Moushabeck 395). These mixed signals violated the first rule of an effective policy of deterrence, which Craig and George said was that any threat to an opponent must be "credible and sufficiently potent in the eyes of the aggressor to prevent him from attempting the undesired course of action" (190). "
Abstract In this article the writer points out that there is little doubt that military intelligence has played a huge role in the IraqWar. The writer discusses how information from military intelligence caused America to invade Iraq in the first place. Further, the writer notes that the American government led by President Bush tried to show the link between the Iraqi regime to Al Qaeda.
From the Paper "There can be little question that military intelligence has played a huge role in the Iraq war. For one thing, it was military intelligence suggesting that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction which (presumably) led America to invade that country in the first place. Moreover, the Bush government endeavored (with the events of September 11, 2001 still fresh in the minds of millions of Americans) to connect Hussein's Iraqi regime to Al Qaeda's terrorist network. As a result, military intelligence created the justification needed for American law-makers to authorize placing US troops in harm's way while simultaneously ear-marking tens of billions of dollars for the war and the concomitant reconstruction effort."
Abstract The paper argues that the Allies' victory in the Second World War in Europe was due to a lack of preparation in the German military, industry and economy, American industrial and economic might and Russian military and industrial transformations.
From the Paper "Germany's industry, economy and military were prepared neither for a long war nor a war fought over vast distances. At the outbreak of the war, Germany's industry was far from being what could be considered one of total-war. It is hard to calculate with any precision the level of military production Germany could have fielded at the start of the war. However, the fact that between 1941 and 1944 Germanys tripled its production of tanks and aircraft indicates that Germany was not making full military use of its industry. Indeed Britain, being smaller but more efficient, was able to produce more arms than Germany in almost every category up until 1943. Further evidence of German industry's lack of preparation comes with that fact that it was not until 1943 that Hitler ordered the country to transform into a state of total-war. (milward, german economy, p.106). Although the German military was prepared for a short blitzkrieg-like war it was unsuited to the long-rand and drawn-out war that the Second World War became."
Abstract In this paper, the writer looks at similarities between the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian war. The writer explains that these two wars, as the first modern industrialwars, were similar in their power to mobilize, organize and deploy mass conscript armies. The writer contends that the American Civil War took much longer due to deficiencies in Northern military leadership.
From the Paper "This research paper compares and contrasts military and some related political aspects of the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War. Both of these wars involved the mobilization, organization and deployment on a continental scale of mass conscription armies, armed with powerful standardized weapons of the early industrial era. Both wars caused carnage and casualties among the participants on a theretofore unprecedented scale, especially the American Civil War, which lasted more than four years while the active combat phase ... "
Tags:industrialization, of, war, revolution, in, military, technology, and, strategy
Abstract This paper summarizes and discusses the principal pros and cons of the U.S.-led coalition war with Iraq that began in March, 2003. It looks at Saddam's Hussein's territorial aggression and his flouting of U.N. resolutions as well as President George W. Bush's concept of the "axis of evil."
