Abstract
This paper presents definitions of economics, construction economics, microeconomics, macroeconomics, and construction microeconomics. The writer lists microeconomic principles and discusses the relationship between microeconomics and the production of goods and services within the construction industry. Diagrams are included in this paper.

Outline:
Economics
Resources for Goods and Services
Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
Price Theory (Microeconomics)
Construction Economics
Scarce Building Resources in Sustainable Development
Key Microeconomic Concepts

From the Paper
"Microeconomics relates to finding components contributing to prices, including how they merge and change, and how firms respond to these factors. It includes examining new taxes' effects, the determination of a firm's production profit-maximizing levels; etc. Microeconomics "concerns the economic behavior of individuals - such as clients, contractors, surveyors and engineers - in various markets." Microeconomics, according to another source, constitutes one of the largest subfields in economics and is noted as "the study of the economic behaviour of small economic groups such as firms and families." (Economics 2008) Macroeconomics, on the other hand, relates to inflation rates, national unemployment percentages, the entire economy's growth rate, along with a number of other economic factors."

Tags:resources, environment, initiative, development, property, investment

Abstract
This paper discusses microeconomics as it relates to the property market, particularly in the realm of property ownership. The paper begins by defining microeconomics and property rights individually and then relates the two to each other. The paper then identifies constraints in housing market behavior and looks specifically at the housing market situation today in the United States.

Table of Contents:
Property Rights Overview
Microeconomics Overview
Microeconomic Aspects Of Property Ownership
Constraints In Housing Market Behavior Identified
Microeconomics In Today's Housing Market

From the Paper
"Other factors include falling housing prices which are noted by Barber to have been "falling at a 16 percent annual rate..." and as well Barber relates that these prices are expected to continue their decline meaning that "homeowners will build little or not equity throughout he duration of plans like this...the study shows that under these plans, homeowners will get to keep their house, but will be paying 85 percent more than if they rented a similar property." (Barber, 2008) The potential for equity being accrued in the home with falling prices and subprime rates and ARMS with variable interest in the terms of the mortgage. The problem is that a likelihood exists that taxpayers will pay approximately $75,000 for "each homeowners who stays in their home." (Barber, 2008) Barber indicates that "particularly problematic" are the decline in prices in the housing market."

Tags:homeowner, equity, ownership

Abstract
This paper reviews the microeconomic status of the 21st century and the ever-escalating goal of "bigness" in manufacture, globalization, retailing and the service industries. This new high-tech age, also known as the Computer Age, the author contends, is not a new Industrial Revolution but rather merely an expansion of it. The paper also describes the concepts of microeconomics and monopolies using examples of modern companies such as Microsoft and Wal-Mart.

From the Paper
"Microeconomics starts with a single consumer: his wants and needs, his predictable and unpredictable buying and living habits. It moves up through the family to a specific industry, and the labor required to produce what that consumer wants to buy. Microeconomics, however, does not differentiate among the powerful, controlling industries and those just starting up, or those content to find their niche in the market-place. A perfect example, of course, is Microsoft, which, through its pioneering innovative efforts has the lion's share of the PC software market."

Tags:entrepreneur, human capital, single consumer, anti-chain-store legislation, elasticity

Abstract
This paper discusses different elements of microeconomics that contribute to the overall economy in the U.S. The author of the paper cites research that has been carried out on minimum wage issues and describes how the downturn of the housing market impacts on other sectors of the economy.

Outline:
Minimum Wages
Antitrust Laws
The Housing Industry & Employment

From the Paper
"Economic theory itself tends to undermine the argument that minimum wages are somehow beneficial. Economic theory states that if the price of unskilled labor increases then employers are just as certain to seek alternative labor sources that are less expensive (Wolfson & Belman). In practice, this theory plays out by managers who, when faced with increasing labor costs, refrain from hiring the 3 employees they might have hired were it not for the increased cost of labor and instead only hire two more skilled laborers but still at an overall savings. This point is made exceedingly clear in Solomon's article where she observes that: "At Petite Provence eatery in Portland, co-owner Didier Blanc says the minimum wage...has had an 'aftershock effect' forcing him to raise wages for all employees...the costs are passed on to customers"(par.13). Alternatively, these managers or companies may seek to invest in the automation necessary to ensure that the manual labor is no longer necessary or to off-shore the work entirely to less expensive markets. In that sense, elevating the federal minimum wage does in fact manifest a positive influence on productivity and output because industry is inclined to automate and become more efficient across the board which is good. However, while the minimum wage increase in Portland can be viewed as a positive argument for raising the federal minimum wage, it also indicates that the benefit to the low-wage workers most impacted will be short-lived:"

Tags:recession, strategy, analysts, sectors

Abstract
The National Environment Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), jointly established by the White House and the United States Congress, outlines more than a dozen major laws that form the basis of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This paper begins by outlining some of the major laws enacted by the NEPA. The paper then presents a review of Mankiw N. Gregory's book, "The Principle of Microeconomics", in which the author presents a new style of comprehending the NEPA laws through subjects such as politics, science, and economics. The paper also includes several appendices that contain graphs.

From the Paper
"Within the principle discipline of economics is the newly developed subject of environmental economics that seeks to understand the relationship between the environment and the economy. It goes without saying that a healthy and sustainable economy is dependent on an equally healthy and sustainable environment, not withstanding the often-conflicting elements present within the business entities and concerns. To totally eliminate this conflicting atmosphere that tends to be a hurdle, and somewhat disturbs the approach towards the accomplishment of a healthy environment at the cost of the economy, numerous attempts to bring about a reconciliation to develop a so-called free market environmentalism are being pursued."

Tags:Robertson, Davies, Chesapeake, Bay

Abstract
This paper explains the use of microeconomics to analyze cetain aspects of the economy today such as employment, consumer beahvior, environemntal policy, and the effects of taxation.

Abstract
This paper examines the theory of that all resources are finite. The author points out that key to the concepts underlining the study of microeconomics are the laws of supply and demand. The paper stresses that the laws of supply and demand are very much in evidence in the restaurant industry. The author relates that one beneficiary of the economic downturn are fast food restaurants, especially among the market segment with the least inclination for cooking or interest in health, predominantly male, age 18 to 29.

From the Paper
"The prices of substitute goods also affect supply and demand. If Dunkin' Doughnuts cuts the price of its coffee and breakfast sandwiches, discount merchandiser McDonald's may see a decrease in sales of its coffee and Egg McMuffins, but not in its sodas and hamburgers, because these are not substitute good for breakfast beverages and foods. Changes in the price of complementary goods--gas and large vehicles being an obvious example, will also affect supply and demand, as the price of gas goes up, demand for gas guzzling-vehicles will decrease."

Tags:finite, consumption patterns, shift gas, casual dining

Abstract
This paper examines the theoretical concept of consumer surplus and investigates whether it is measurable. Specifically, the author attempts to demonstrate that consumer surplus can describe a definite conceptual idea, but that any attempt at quantifying results is a logical contradiction.
Introduction and Thesis
The Concept
The Measurement
The Problem of Measurement
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Before beginning a theoretical analysis of the concept of consumer surplus, a brief sketch of the thoughts of other authors is in order. According to George Stigler (1965, p.79), the history of the concept can be traced back to Jules Dupuit (1884), and his search for a justification of public works. Alfred Marshall (1920, p.103) first coined the term "consumer' surplus" to describe for a consumer "the excess of the price he would be willing to pay rather than going without the thing, over that which he actually does pay." Thus the reference to Marshallian Consumer Surplus came into the lexicon."

Tags:Alfred, Marshall, Marshallian, catallactics, deadweight, loss, Hicksian, Compensating, Variation

Abstract
This paper summarizes a 2003 article found in the "Washington Post" that explains how produce consumers once found exotic becomes common in America's supermarkets. "Ripe Dreams: How Produce-Aisle Exotica Becomes Everyday Fare", by Hamilton Martha McNeil, highlights the key microeconomic concepts of demand, supply, and market equilibrium, as well as household behavior and consumer choice.

From the Paper
"As demand rose, others saw opportunities and entered the market place, devoting resources, (farm acreage and labor) to growing kiwis. Importers saw opportunities to increase supply and lower costs, by importing kiwi fruit from Chile and New Zealand where the costs of input, mainly farm labor, are cheaper. As the supply of kiwis increased and more and more companies entered the market, the price to consumers began to be pressured downwards. As consumer demand cooled off, nicely illustrating how household behavior and consumer choice influences demand and supply, market equilibrium seems to have been reached."

Tags:acreage, kiwi, Frieda, Inc.

Abstract
The principles of microeconomics are not just important to economists and scholars, the principles apply to many aspects of society that impact everyone. Microeconomics considers how goods are produced, how people create their income and how people make decisions to spend that income. In short, microeconomics refers to aspects of life that people encounter every day. With this relevance of microeconomics to everyday life, it is not surprising that principles of economics can be found in many places, including in the lyrics of songs. To illustrate how the principles of microeconomics are referred to in a song, Garth Brooks? "We Shall Be Free" is used as an example. Considering the lyrics of this song, it is seen that various items are mentioned that relate to microeconomics. As well as describing these items, the analysis also extends to a brief discussion of why they are important to people.

From the Paper
"The lyrics of We Shall Be Free includes the following lines, ?And when money talks for the very last time / And nobody walks a step behind / - / Then we shall be free.? This statement from the lyrics goes against the principles of the market economy and the concept of fairness in the market economy. "When money talks for the very last time" refers to money not having power. The market economy of current society is based on money as power, since money is the means to obtaining necessary and desired goods and services. If money did not "talk" in modern society, why would people work? It is fair to suggest that most people would not work if what they obtained from that work was worthless to them. If people did not work, companies would not be producing the goods that people buy with the money they work for. This illustrates that the lyrics suggest a different view of economics than what society is currently based on. The line "And nobody walks a step behind" also suggests that everyone is equal. "

Tags:egalitarian, goods, CPI