Abstract
This paper examines the death penalty in the context of the execution on December 30th 2006 of Iraq's ex-president Saddam Hussein. It begins with a brief background of the death penalty (including its history and varying methods used globally) and a brief biography of Saddam Hussein (with an emphasis on his crimes). The pros of executing Hussein are then detailed with reference to how it may act as a deterrent and to how it may be seen as a form of retribution and punishment for his crimes. The paper also looks from the other side at Hussein's execution, paying attention to capital punishment cons such as its possible arbitrariness, wrongful convictions, cruelty and ineffectiveness. The paper tries to be original in that as well as covering all the usual perspectives and attitudes to the death penalty, Hussein's case is presented fairly without prejudice and with a range of varying political (conservative versus liberal), religious (Christian versus Islamic) and personal opinions (including the views of people from all over the world and the authors).

From the Paper
"The 'death penalty' is also known more formally as 'capital punishment' and is the execution of a person who has been convicted in a country's court of law, usually for offences deemed to be of the highest order (known as 'capital crimes' or 'capital offences'). It has probably been around since the apparatus of society needed for it to exist (citizens, the state and courts) has been around. Indeed, the first death penalty laws date back to the 18th century BC in the code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for twenty-five different crimes. Methods for execution included crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive and impalement. Historical records show that various primitive tribal communities likely used something similar to the death penalty too. Contrary to popular belief, there was not necessarily a greater rate of executions per capita in such times than at other times. Pre-medieval times were characterized by small communities and members of the community were often reluctant to put to death other members because it would weaken the community and the most heinous crimes such as murder were usually crimes of passion anyway. Financial compensation and isolating the perpetrator of the crime were usually considered sufficient punishment."

Tags:hanging, iraq, terrorism

Abstract
The paper discusses a study to define both the qualitative and quantitative statistical methodologies including the development of descriptive and inferential statistics applied to the field of education overall and school counseling. Each of the qualitative and quantitative approaches to statistics are analyzed from the perspective of how best they can be applied to educational and counseling situations, to best support and serve the student. The specifics of how to apply these techniques within the context of a methodological approach to completing research projects is also evaluated. Specifically focusing on the steps of research design, data collection, data analysis, and the ethics of the interpretation of research are also discussed.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Exploring Qualitative Research Methods in Education and Counseling
Exploring Quantitative Research Methods in Education and Counseling
Ethics in Research
Summary and Conclusions

From the Paper
"Qualitative research, both from a social science as well as a business standpoint is broadly considered to be research completed through non-quantifiable means. As a result, non-quantifiable research relies on approaches and methodologies that focus on observation, interpretation and analysis, and often as a result discover entirely new relationships and causal relationships in subjects and data not seen before. Strauss and Corbin have defined qualitative research as "any kind of research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification" (1990, page 17) and as a result generates an entirely different knowledge base for any field of research of academic inquiry than does quantitative research."

Tags:inferential, statistics, methodological, approach, quantifiable, means

Abstract
This paper examines the above article which establishes the need to create a bridge between business cultures in order to be successful in the business world. It discusses the necessity for a proper framework that effectively administers cross cultural training (CCT) that must be adequate to specific needs, must be flexible for different people and nationalities and must be complete in all respects so that business executives have the necessary confidence when they deal with other cultural groups in order to avoid misunderstandings that may cause the failure of a potential business feat. It discusses how Social Learning Theory (SLT) complements CCT in an effective training schedule and how this may be implemented to help pinpoint training requirements.

From the Paper
"Since business operations cannot be delineated from good relationships, this aspect of doing business is very much important. In international businesses different nationalities have to interact with each other in various degrees. It is imperative to know the cultural backgrounds, customs and practices of a country before one tries to establish a long-term business relationship with the people of that country. In fact a long lasting business relationship will be in place only if people are comfortable with each other and are confident to interact with each other. It is here that the concept of cross-cultural training comes into the picture."

Tags:executives, managers, social, learning, theory, international, business

Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the origins and ancient methods of execution, from Hamurabi's Code, to biblical laws, to early England, and today. The author discusses the different methods-both cruel and humane. The paper also examines whether the death penalty is efficient, whether it is a biased sentence, and how many innocent people are sent to their deaths.

From the Paper
"For centuries the question of whether it is right to take another man's life under the law has plagued the world. To this day corporal punishment is one of the most debated issues of the human race. Corporal punishment has been around since biblical times, so we are not the first to use it. As a humanitarian nation we do though search for different and more humane methods of execution. One of our main problems is that our court systems do make mistakes and the innocent are occasionally found guilty. Another issue of debate is whether the death penalty is a bias or even at times prejudice sentence. A more solid reasoning for either banning or supporting the death penalty is whether it is economically efficient. With all the crime in our nation many are skeptical that the death penalty actually works in any way shape or form. With all this at mind it is obvious why the corporal punishment issue has been debated for so long."

Tags:capitol, death, penalty, execute, hamurabi, bible, moral, code, hanging, gas, injection

Abstract
This paper looks at the definitions and methods of qualitative and quantitative, their strengths and weaknesses and the merged mixed method approach. Next, the author relates a literature review highlighting research in the area of education, the complex research requirements of the "No Child Left Behind Act of 2001" (NCLB) and the problems it faces in terms of methodology and the mixed research design used in a case study. The paper urges that researchers receive additional training in merging quantitative and qualitative methods especially for research in the field of education. Footnotes and many tables and figures are included in the paper.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Definition
Overview of Research Methods
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Comparison/Contrast
Strengths/Weaknesses
Mixed Methods
Literature Review
Research for NCLB
Study Definition and Issues
Current Trends/Problem Correction
Use of Research on AYP Ratings
Case Studies and Examples
Overview
Case Study - "Recruiting and Retaining High-Quality Teachers in Rural Areas"
Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"Being a social science, education has generally been studied by qualitative methods. The reason for this is that human beings are not an exact science, and facts have to be derived by an inductive rather than deductive approach. Best practice could therefore best be determined by making value judgments rather than drawing quantitative conclusions. It has however been recognized that the social sciences can also be studied from an objective rather than subjective viewpoint. According to Hara, quantitative research can be used in education in order to discover existing facts by means of isolating human reality from the researcher's subjectivity. The data obtained in this way can then be presented in a numerical, objective way, in order to derive universally applicable conclusions. The value of such research is that it exists independently from values such as time, place and culture. Hence the conclusions can be applied to any educational setting.
"Hara cites two reasons for the use of quantitative research in education; the first is that the concepts behind quantitative research, as well as its methods and purposes, were appropriate to education research, and the second that it could provide logical standards for the study of education."

Tags:paradigm, data interpretation, cultural complexity, relationship extrapolation

Abstract
An executive summary for Under Armour, Inc. that describes the company's core competencies, methods of generating and retaining business, product development principles, and possible areas of expansion.

From the Paper
"Under Armour, Inc. is a performance apparel company located in Baltimore MD, and founded in ... by Kevin Plank, a former University of Maryland football player. Our company started with a simple idea to create a T-shirt that wicks away perspiration, keeping people cool and dry. This first product soon became successful among top athletes and is now found in sporting goods stores nationwide. Our product line has since diversified to include a range of athletic apparel for men, women and children including..."

Tags:Under Armour, executive summary, entrepreneurship

Abstract
This paper researches the evolution of capital punishment, and describes historical methods for inflicting it as well as those commonly used today. The writer discusses some US Supreme Court cases which have influenced the use of the death penalty in America, as well as issues such as racism, deterrence and cost. Pros and cons of the death penalty are also discussed, together with the writer's personal bias towards it. The writer concludes that the controversy over capital punishment is not likely to be over soon, and that the crimes that prompted the establishment of the death penalty will never disappear. This paper includes figures.

Outline:
History of the Death Penalty
Methods of Execution
Cases
Issues related to the Death Penalty
Personal Opinion
Opposite Opinion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"During Colonial times the Abolitionist movement started to take place with theorists such as Montesquieu, Voltaire and Bentham, English Quakers John Bellers and John Howard. These people worked towards abolishing the death penalty. The most influential of all theorists throughout this time was Cesare Beccaria, whose 1767 essay, On Crimes and Punishment, influenced people throughout the world with his ideas that there was no justification in taking another person's life. The U.S. Supreme Court in 1972 struck down State death penalty laws, a ruling that also brought Federal executions to a halt. In 1976, the court reinstated the death penalty after the adoption of new procedures."

Tags:mitigation, deterrent, electrocution, offence, murder, conspiracy, inhumane, prisoner

From the Paper
"Much of the constitutional debate surrounding the death penalty concerns its compatibility with the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against the imposition of cruel and unusual punishment (Murphy, 1993, p. 51). Justice William Brennan, Jr., has argued that the sentence of death offends both the dignity of the prisoner and the evolving standards of decency which reflect the advance of a maturing society. That position has not prevailed and, given the present composition of the Supreme Court, it is unlikely that it will in the near future.
Newer members, such as Justice Antonin Scalia, have a more restricted view of the Court's role in society and they resist any measures that would make the justices "philosopher-kings" rather than "judges of the law." The debate over whether the death penalty is inherently unjust, or offends civilized..."

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From the Paper
" Capital punishment is an enduring American tradition. The United States is the only Western country in the world that executes prisoners, and in recent years the number of executions has increased dramatically. Americans firmly believe in capital punishment despite the findings of most social scientists that it has little or no effect on future acts of homicidal violence. Thus America appears to have retained the death penalty merely based on its psychological effect on the public.
Capital punishment is imposed for any crime that is judged worthy to be punished by death. Such punishment has traditionally been reserved for the most serious of crimes. In the modern era, a death sentence is only carried out after a prisoner has exhausted a lengthy appeals process.

Although it is difficult to pinpoint with accuracy when.."

Abstract
The paper explains that critical thinking and the Six Hats method are two structured approaches to problem-solving that emphasize different-but occasionally complementary-methods of generating, discriminating between, and executing solutions. This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of both of these methods of problem-solving, and concludes that Six Hats has three powerful advantages: the inclusion of critical thinking in a holistic approach to problem-solving, a built-in exposure to alternative viewpoints, and support of social-rather than purely individual-thinking.

From the Paper
"Critical thinking and the Six Hats method are two structured approaches to problem-solving that emphasize different--but occasionally complementary--methods of generating, discriminating between, and executing solutions. This paper will examine the strengths and weaknesses of both of these methods of problem-solving, and conclude that Six Hats has three powerful advantages: the inclusion of critical thinking in a holistic approach to problem-solving, a built-in exposure to alternative viewpoints, and support of social--rather than purely individual--thinking."

Tags:six, hats, critical