Abstract
This paper proves the thesis that courtly love democratizes relationships. Using Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Franklin Tales" the writer details by example the ways that man and woman become equal through the act of courting.

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of the U.S. Supreme Court by Blacks, Chinese and others to end discrimination, segregation and disenfranchisement by initiating and challenging regional legal decisions. The paper describes important U.S. Supreme court cases of this period: Roberts vs. the City of Boston ("separate but equal" doctrine), Ho Ah Kow vs. Nunan (discrimination against Chinese), Plessy vs. Ferguson (state's rights to enact its own laws) and Buchanan vs. Warley ( states cannot officially segregate African Americans into residential districts).

From the Paper
"For example, the Chinese, who comprised a critical element in building the fortunes of the West, were denied many of the rights whites freely enjoyed. The Chinese persevered in this hostile climate and succeeded in broadening the definition of "American." The Chinese achieved Constitutional rights and led the way for other immigrant groups yet to come. In Ho ah Kow vs. Nunan, Ho Ah Kow sued a San Francisco sheriff who followed a racially-motivated law that decreed all prisoners have their hair cut at the uniform length of one inch long upon entering jail."

Tags:Roberts, vs., the, City, of, Boston, disenfranchisement, separate but equal, doctrine, Plessy, vs., Ferguson, Buchanan, vs., Warley

Abstract
This paper discusses the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) whose components are sexual discrimination and women's right to vote, which provide an equality of the sexes in American society. The paper explains that although the amendment has not yet passed through Congress, the objective of Paul's vision was to create a law that would identify women with men on an equal legal basis. The paper continues that by giving greater freedoms to women to enact their rights as voters, women should then have the rights as men, to be viewed through the same apparatus that should protect both sexes in a court of law.

From the Paper
"This legal study will analyze the two components of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) that forged the women's right to vote, as well as the banning of sexual discrimination in American society and law. By understanding the text of the ERA, one can realize these two important components of this proposed legal action for the equality of the sexes. The first section of the Equal Rights Amendment is a component, which has been based on the issues of women's right to vote, as applied in the 19th amendment: "Equality of Rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex." (Paul para.1)"

Tags:vote, women, rights

Abstract
Legislation relating to discrimination in the workplace that affects modern workers can be related to the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Equal Pay Act focused on gender and wages, attempting to create a national law that prohibited employers from paying women less than men for the same type of work. This paper maintains that, unfortunately, discrimination in relation to equal pay still exists in the United States, demonstrating that these laws had little effect on the realities within the workplace.

Tags:counseling, job, discrimination

Abstract
This paper points out that the idea of democracy in the the Declaration of Independence wasn't new; ancient Greece had been ruled by a modified form of democracy that gave the right to vote to the upper echelons of male citizens. The paper explains that the ideas upon which the Declaration of Independence began with discoveries in science that revealed that our physical world was governed by predictable rules, by cause and effect. The author believes that John Locke had the most profound effect on the thinking of the men who would eventually shape the Constitution of the United States.

From the Paper
"In reports of the events leading up to the American Revolution, the King of England is often depicted as a dictator who pronounced law as he saw fit based on his absolute power. However, the notion of a monarch with absolute power was not the standard for most of European history. The agreement signed after the Norman victory in 1066 required that the King share some of his power with representatives from the nobility. The idea that kings ruled by divine right was put forth by Jean Bodin in 1576 and embraced by James I of England. Oliver Cromwell embraced the idea and dissolved the Parliament, which although not a true democracy, provided some checks and balances for the ruler."

Tags:greece, locke, england, power, constitution

Abstract
An historical review of "equality". It traces the development of the concept through the works of philosophers and novelists in the 16th-21st centuries. It examines documents such as the Declaration of Independence, works of the philosophers in the Enlightenment and into modern day.

From the paper:

"We have all heard the phrase ?all men are created equal? hundreds and probably even thousands of times in our lives, and precisely because we have heard them all so many times we do not in general attend carefully to what they mean. This paper examines briefly the merits of the statement that all men ? and we shall move beyond the exclusive language of the 18th century to include women also ? are created equally. In doing so, we will consider the phrase both literally and in the spirit that it was originally intended to be taken."

Tags:cultural, economic, political, intellectual, Descartes, Spinoza, humanity, theology, reason, expression

Abstract
This paper begs the question of "all men being created equal". It argues that as much as society would like to think of itself of democratic and supportive of equality, most people in society are oppressed in one way or another due to a physical, cultural, social or religious "handicap".

From the paper:

"The term equality has innumerable connotations. It may denote being exactly alike or of comparable value. Equality is usually associated with advantages and discussed when there is a situation wherein a subject is being deprived of a prerogative.
The phrase ?equality for all? has a nice ring to it but what exactly does it entail. It forms an image of the ultimate utopia, filled with peace, brotherhood, and justice but ?What are we aiming to be equal in?? and more to the point ?Whom do we want to be equal to??"

Tags:deprived, woman, homosexual, black, rights, gender, ethics, morality, principles, education, power

Abstract
The paper discusses how leaders like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin are celebrated for their efforts in creating the Declaration of Independence and shaping our ideas about government. The paper reveals, however, that Franklin and Jefferson were both slave holders despite their promotion of democratic ideals. The paper points out seemingly hypocritical statements present in the Declaration and concludes that certain parts of the Declaration could benefit from being clarified and improved.

From the Paper
"A century after the Declaration of Independence, the United States Supreme Court had to interpret the words of the Declaration, in a lawsuit brought by Dred Scott (Burnside, 2005). Scott was a slave who had lived 13 years in a non-slave state. He sued for a declaration that he was a free citizen of the United States. The Court held, by a 7:2 majority, that the words "all men are created equal" did not apply to African Americans. The language of the judgment is a blatant display of the hypocrisy of the Declaration (Bunrside, 2005)."

Tags:equality, democracy, ideals

Abstract
The Canadian government has recognized that there is a large disparity between salaries between males and females for similar work. The government has moved in a positive direction by creating partnerships with big business to ensure that increased opportunities for advancement and development are available regardless of gender. Technology has also played a key part in creating alternative platforms that place women on equal footing.

From the Paper
Man vs. Woman: Canada's attempt to bridge the gender gap Equal work with lesser pay, has been a staple of Canadian society throughout modern history. It has become more apparent as an increased number of women have entered the workforce and are striving to achieve success throughout all levels of industry. No longer is it acceptable for women to be seen as second rate citizens when it comes to pay and benefits. Even with all the changes in the modern workplace, the traditional barriers still exist. These unofficial barriers, often called the "old boys network", make it extremely difficult for women to rise to the upper

Tags:equal rights, salaries, opportunities

Abstract
This paper looks at the great hypocrisy of the Declaration of Independence; the phrase that "all men are created equal" written by Thomas Jefferson while he held 175 slaves. The paper explains that slaves had no equality. were only counted as 3/5th of a person and they were denied "liberty and the pursuit of happiness" as guaranteed by the Declaration.

From the Paper
"The great hypocrisy within the Declaration of Independence is in the beginning of the second part which explains the fundamental rights of citizens under the government. "We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." No one truly believed that all men are created equal. Jefferson, the principle author of the Declaration, himself owned slaves at the..."

Tags:Declaration of Independence, slaves, Jefferson equality