Abstract
The paper discusses Nathaniel Hawthorne's friendship with Herman Melville and points out that Melville, due to his weaker financial position and lower education, appears to have had more to gain from the friendship. The paper shows how human psychology has a considerable influence on Melville's work, while Hawthorne uses human psychology, medicine and pseudo-science of the time to build the persona of his characters.

Outline:
Introduction
Hawthorne's Influence on Melville
Science, Medicine and Illness in Hawthorne and Melville's Work
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville are two of the most well known writers of 19th century America. Melville's work shows a superb insight of human nature. His central characters are often tormented and have preoccupation with human fate. Human psychology and conflict between good and evil are strong themes of his writings.
"Hawthorne's work is also concerned with the ethical problems of sin and punishment. Hawthorne was well educated and well settled; on the other hand, Melville was a man of meager resources. Their friendship was a surprise for most people of the time and remains so even at present. This article reviews influence of their friendship on their works."

Tags:good, evil, psychology, Paracelsianism, Galenism

Abstract
"Young Goodman Brown" is a story of initiation. What Goodman Brown sees in the forest persuades as well as forces him to question. Evil is the nature of mankind. Melville's "Bartleby, the Scrivener" presents an ideal example of this in relation to conformity, non rebellion, and man vs. society. Bartleby is an exaggerated reflection of the Boss, embodying manifested urges. Bartleby is the extreme, absolutist reflection of the Boss's penchant for avoidance. Melville's "Bartleby, the Scrivener" contains mirror imagery that illustrates extremes in the protagonists' personalities. The difference lies in the Boss's ability to learn from Bartleby.

Abstract
The paper examines how the characters of Pearl in Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter" and Ishmael in "Moby Dick" are both quintessential outsiders. The paper discusses how Pearl's more difficult circumstances - the illegitimate child of a minister and a young lady of the community - make her more unwilling to make friends; by contrast, Ishmael at least develops strong ties with Queequeg in spite of his (Ishmael's) predisposition towards misanthropy. Furthermore, the paper mentions that both Pearl and Ishmael are captives of individuals each knows well. In the end, the paper shows how both of these men have so allowed their own desire for revenge and gratification to consume their respective beings that they push away others, cause needless suffering and - especially in the case of Ahab - bring things to ruin. The paper highlights how elemental human passions and inclinations (towards revenge, towards alienation, towards bitterness) can cause so much suffering.

From the Paper
"The following paper will examine Herman Melville's "Moby Dick" and Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter". To be more specific, the next several pages will ponder how the characters of Pearl in Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter" and Ishmael in "Moby Dick" are both quintessential outsiders - though little Pearl really has no choice in the matter whilst Melville's Ishmael has evidently decided that he will, as the archetypal disgruntled and cynical intellectual, divorce himself periodically from civil society by..."

Tags:characters, pearl, ishmael

Abstract
In this paper the author analyzes and examines Nathaniel Hawthorne; his life, career, contributions, and works. The author contends that the moral and psychological issues that Hawthorne examines, through the conflicts his characters experience, are often intricate and mysterious and furthermore, that Hawthorne skillfully creates an atmosphere of ambiguity and complexity that makes it difficult to reduce his writings to a simple view of life.

From the paper:

?Hawthorne then moved to Lennox, Massachusetts, where they lived for the following year. It was here that Hawthorne made the acquaintance of Herman Melville, who was writing his first novel, Moby Dick. Hawthorne greatly impacted Melville?s writings, and the dedication of Moby Dick to Hawthorne is evidence of the magnitude of this impact.?

Tags:bowdoin, massachusetts, boston, custom, house, sophia, peabody, brook, farm, old, manse, scarlet, letter, melville, moby, dick, our, old, home, marble, faun, transformation, fanshawe, tale, hollow, three, hills, young, goodman, brown, house, seven, gables, gothic, american

Abstract
This paper contends that, through literature, writers subjectively interpret their realities as they experience and perceive them, expressing these realities to other people in the form of prose or poem. The paper discusses and analyzes these subjective realities and feelings about human life in the works of Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Emily Dickinson.

From the Paper
"Melville is not alone in his analysis of Hawthorne's works. Hawthorne himself describes his writing and being a writer as an "...attempt to connect a bygone time with the very present that is flitting away from us....pure and uncontrollable mischief...the folly of tumbling down...until an accumulated mass shall be scattered abroad in its original atoms." This passage from the preface of Hawthorne's novel "The House of the Seven Gables" brings into lucidity the fact that humanity, stripped of its conventions and norms of morality, shall "tumble down" and be "scattered...in its original atoms"-that is, humanity shall return to its most natural state, a condition wherein human mind and behavior has no limits, wherein death and insanity is preferred over life and sanity."

Tags:goodman, brown, seven, gables

From the Paper
"Writers have a number of literary traditions and tools of language at their disposal, and each will shape these much-used elements to fit their own specific themes and interests. Among the methods used are those which make language and character serve the task of representing ideas, the clash of ideas, and the power of imagery to represent ideas. Allegory is a way of shaping a story so that the characters and the setting are developed so as to have both a literal meaning on the primary level and a secondary meaning on the next level. Symbolism is the use of the literary symbol, or the use of an object so that the attributes of the object become a substitute for some idea or entity with special significance. Typology is subtly different from symbolism and is in fact often used as a synonym for symbolism, but it refers more specifically to the representation ..."

From the Paper
"This study will contrast the main characters (Donatello vs. Billy) and themes (long-term spiritual growth vs. sudden forgiveness) from Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Marble Faun and Herman Melville's Billy Budd. Both books deal with acts of violence---sudden murders by Billy and Donatello---and both books deal with the changes that those murders bring to the main character. This study will focus on the differences in the ways the two authors explore spiritual change and growth.


The first major difference between Donatello and Billy Budd is that Billy is described as being an angel-like or even Christ-like figure, while Donatello is described as half-man and half-faun. This difference is important because it affects the way the two characters develop.
Hawthorne compares Donatello with the statue of the Faun, a..."

Abstract
In this article the writer shows that the themes of injustice and inequality in American life form a common bond that both Hawthorne and Melville would have agreed upon. By analyzing two short tales by these authors, one can find the problems of racism and social injustice that arise in their philosophies on the real America, not the popular nationalism espoused in the Bill of Rights.

From the Paper
"In this literary study, the friendship of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville was based upon the premise of human equality and minutiae of human existence within the world's great expanse. Through Hawthorne's "A Minister's Black Veil" and Melville's "Benito Cereno", a comparison between the two stories and their philosophies on human inequality and injustice will be evaluated. In essence, both Melville and Hawthorne sought to use human equality and legal justice as literary devices for dissolving inequalities and injustice within the American society. In Melville's tale "Benito Cereno" two captains must vie for justice regarding a slave ship that has been found off the coast of Chile."

Tags:melville, hawthorne, literature

Abstract
This paper analyzes the evil component in the personalities of Captain Ahab from "Moby-Dick" by Herman Melville, Roger Chillingworth from "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Pap Finn from "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" by Mark Twain. The author believes that Captain Ahab is one of the most evil characters in fiction because Ahab's evil is all encompassing because he is so obsessed with finding and killing the whale that took his leg. The paper concludes that Hawthorne and Melville's views were concerned with the danger of carrying revenge too far; while Twain was concerned with illustrating the evils of petty larceny and drunkenness, but with a tongue planted firmly in his cheek.

From the Paper
"Unlike the other characters, Pap's evil is self-directed, and only really takes in Huck when he beats him and gets drunk around him. Pap does not influence others the way Chillingworth and Ahab do, and his evil is not based in vengeance or hatred. Pap is pitiable and comical because of Huck's amusing descriptions, while the other characters are anything but pitiable. Thus, Pap is the least evil of all three characters, and he is more sympathetic than the others are, because his evil is based on a disease of the body, rather than a disease of the soul. Alcoholism is not funny, but Pap is about as funny as a child beater can get, while there is nothing funny about Ahab and Chillingworth, who are far too serious about their goals of revenge and hatred."

Tags:comedy, revenge, ahab, obsessed, drunkenness

Abstract
Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville speak to the modern age through the psychological insight they bring to their characters. The paper shows that these 19th Century Romantics wrote in an era before the science of psychology had been created, but they show the ability to develop ideas about the workings of the human mind and to express these through characters who are realistic in psychological terms even in the most fantastic of situations. The paper discusses their ability to show the contrast between the bizarre nature of the story and the psychological reality of the characters that says something to us about the human condition. Works discussed in the paper, among others, are "The Tell-Tale Heart" (Poe), "Young Goodman Brown" (Hawthorne) and "Billy Budd" (Melville).

From the Paper
"In his short story "Young Goodman Brown," Nathaniel Hawthorne creates an image of innocence compromised in the face of the evil of the world, an evil that is always hidden and that masquerades at times as the height of probity. The way the story is presented leaves a question open as to whether Young Goodman Brown's experience was real or a vision. Hawthorne in this story does what he often does in his fiction -- he juxtaposes light and dark, good and evil, innocence and experience, and fashions a moral fable out of the interaction of opposites, doing so in a way that leaves issues unresolved and that hints at the moral struggle in the world without truly resolving it or issues it raises about human behavior."

Tags:Faith, Major, Molineaux