Abstract
The paper examines Toronto and Seoul, South Korea and their air pollution problems as a result of growth and development in their respective countries. The paper explains that the main source of air pollution is cars and trucks. The paper also discusses how Toronto has emphasized public transit as a solution, while the government of Seoul has emphasized new technologies and the development of new methods of public transportation.

Outline:
Introduction
Toronto
Seoul

From the Paper
"The city of Toronto, with a population of 2.4 million people, lies at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area; an urban region with a total population of 4.6 million people. When environmental scientists and geographers discuss environmental questions for Toronto it is often necessary to take into consideration the megacity as a whole for issues of pollution and environmental impact are felt region-wide in such a sprawling urban environment. Indeed, as was noted in the urban cross-section that was conducted which compared and contrasted two urban forms in Toronto, the phenomenon of urban sprawl is a primary characteristic of the urban forms in Toronto. Moreover, transportation infrastructures were identified as key determinants of the urban forms in both the northern Toronto and downtown core areas, with the primary difference being the increased role of public transit in the downtown core."

Tags:transit, transportation, technology, emissions, pollutants

Abstract
In this article the writer notes that in the early 21st century, the mega cities of the developing world are facing an unprecedented series of environmental pressures. These are all ultimately due to the rapidly accelerating growth and development of such urban areas, whose immense populations and industries are negatively impacting local and regional environments on a significant scale. The writer argues that, while the poor of these cities face many challenges as a result of development - from poor nutrition to poor sanitation, air pollution and housing crises, the unsafe water supplies of these cities is the most urgent problem that they face.

From the Paper
"Scholars studying the issue of safe water supplies in the mega cities of the developing world agree that the nature of this development problem is shaped by its context. In this regard, there are two primary factors that we must consider. First, the development of the mega cities of the developing world is radically different than the development of mega cities in the developed world as in the latter case development was gradual, while in the former it is accelerated. Thus, while cities such as New York had a century to develop water systems to cope with growth, the cities of the developing world have had only a generation. Consider, for example, the fact that the population of Mexico City in 1950 was 3.1 million, and a generation later, in 1980, was 13.4 million. The second primary factor is that while in the developed world mega cities their economies grew in close parallel to the growth of the cities' populations, in the developing world this connection is far more uncertain."

Tags:growth, population, drinking, services

Abstract
This essay deals with a number of economic issues raised by air pollution in developed and developing countries. The general argument is that although developed and developing countries have similar issues to deal with when it comes to air pollution, there are also important differences between the developed and developing countries in terms of air pollution. The paper goes on to say that the first major difference was the sources of air pollution. In developed countries air pollution mostly comes from motor vehicles like car, trucks and SUVs. In developing countries air pollution is coming from industrialization, car use and increasing energy consumption. In both developed and developing countries air pollution is a by-product of other economic activities.

Tags:economics, air, pollution

Abstract
This essay deals with how air pollution will significantly affect the next generation. Air pollution is connected to all kinds of problems, including global warming, which poses a serious threat to the environment.

Tags:air, pollution, generation

Abstract
This paper examines air pollution and solutions such as hybrid vehicles that can restore cleaner air to the environment. The paper discusses government Environmental Acts and the effects of smoking, aerosol sprayers, paints, and other toxic substances. The paper includes an outline.

Tags:air pollution, hybrid vehicles, legislative, historical, fuel cell vehicles, clean air

Abstract
This paper discusses how economics, politics and opinions of air pollution are inherently different, but are nevertheless intertwined and have many parallels. The paper looks at the Clean Air Act in the United States and the Canadian version. In addition, the paper addresses the Kyoto Protocol. The paper takes the view that it is not entirely possible to separate the three components mentioned.

From the Paper
"When discussing the complex issue of air pollution, many factors must be considered. Different disciplines can attempt to regard the topic with fairly unique perspectives but tend to overlap. The economics, politics, and worldviews/opinions of air pollution vary to suit the observer or audience. However, the three branches mentioned here are intertwined and usually have at least two discussed together at any time when referring to air pollution, if not all three. The difficulty is separating opinion from politics or politics from economics. While a consensus can generally be reached that "something" must be done..."

Tags:air, pollution, ecology

Abstract
This paper discusses air pollution, what it is, and what should be done about it, emphasizing why children are more susceptible to it than adults and what the effects of it are on the health of both age groups.

From the Paper
"Air pollution takes a variety of forms such as ozone-related lung damage, carbon monoxide poisoning and particulate air pollution. The effect of air pollution on children's and adults' health include ozone-related lung damage and accelerated aging of the lung, carbon monoxide poisoning and for infants developing in the womb, low birth weight. (Kleinman) Particulate air pollution is associated with an increase in the number of people that die from heart or lung failure (Kleinman). All of these health effects are serious..."

Tags:health, air pollution, children, adults, susceptible

Abstract
This paper examines air pollution and hybrid vehicles in which the differing perspectives of various groups on the issue are brought together and a resolution is suggested.

From the Paper
"The problem of ethics and differing perspectives on the air pollution/hybrid vehicle issue is not one that has been fully and definitively resolved as yet. The multiple perspectives on the issue by government, big business, consumers, environmental groups, the technology sector and politicians, as well as their conflicting objectives and ethical approaches, leave air pollution a gray area. However, a resolution might be achieved if the multiple perspectives were distilled into one perspective that fits all of the different groups represented. Although not all concerns could..."

Tags:air pollution, Hybrid vehicles, ethics

Abstract
This paper examines the perspectives and ethics of the different parties concerned with air pollution, such as government, big business, environmentalists and consumers. The paper considers the hybrid vehicle issue.

From the Paper
"The major parties involved in the air pollution hybrid vehicle issue include government big business, consumers, environmental groups, the technology sector and politicians, each of which has a distinct-and often conflicting-perspective on the issue. "Air Pollution Battle Heats Up" for example is an article on the subject starts by saying; While an internal government report says current health standards that limit the amount of soot in the air aren't sufficient, big business and environmentalists are at odds over whether to toughen those rules.""

Tags:air pollution, perspectives, ethics, Hybrid

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of air pollution and climate change in Ontario especially Toronto. The author emphases the use of statistics especially correlations. The paper relates the adequacy of the Montreal Protocol and makes policies recommendations.

From the Paper
"There is a great deal of evidence that human activity is resulting in serious pollution of the environment. It is clear that "industrial activities, such as mining, are directly responsible for much of the pollution that degrades the environment" (Ayres, 2003, p. 1). Industrial flows such as heavy metals are harmful to the environment, and when toxic substances build up, they can interfere with biological processes. The damage done by corporate pollution is particularly observed in air quality and in climatic change. The other main source of smog consists of automobile emissions."

Tags:air, pollution, climate