Abstract
A paper which explores how the media contributes to the bad eating habits of the American people. It examines issues such as advertising, projection of the "cool" or perfect image, targeting of children, dental problems and health issues. The paper also discusses ways in which the media can be used to deliver positive and educational messages.

From the Paper
"Children are an easy and promising market. According to MediaQuotient research, an American child watches TV for 25 hours a week; some of the children have television set in their bedroom, where they can spend time relaxing in bed watching their favorite cartoon with an ice cream gallon in hand. Families also often have their television on during meals, as 18% of the participants say always, 22% say often, and 26% do it sometimes, showing that much of the time they are exposed to TV shows and commercials."

Tags:American, Dental, Association, Teen, Magazine, commercials, weight-loss, pills

Abstract
The effects of media are often the scapegoat for a lot of society's problems and teen smoking is no exception. Many people believe that the media is solely to blame for the rise in teen smokers in the U.S. However, there are more determinant factors at work here. This paper explores the causes of teen smoking and provides arguments against the current media effects theories circulating at the moment. It shows that the media is only a vehicle for the tobacco companies to use in promoting their brands to the general public. It shows too that the major influences that determine whether an adolescent will start smoking involve the quality of their relationship with their parents, their peer group dynamic, and the state of their emotional health. The author surmises that only in addressing the problems that may exist in these areas can society properly address the problem of teen smoking.

From the Paper
"As an example of the impact advertising has on the teenaged population, another research study discovered that 12- and 13-year-olds residing in Massachusetts who had seen an anti-smoking television commercial were half as likely to take up smoking compared to those who hadn t seen the anti-smoking ad. Interestingly enough, older teenagers did not appear to be affected by the same ads. This is probably due to the fact that older adolescents possess stronger opinions about certain subjects and so cannot be easily swayed or their addiction to tobacco is already entrenched which would nullify the effects of the anti-smoking campaign on them. While the impact of media on young impressionable minds cannot be ignored, it is not the only factor that compels some teenagers to start smoking. Various other factors, which are a bigger determinant, are also at work."

Tags:addiction, brand, depression, advertisements

Abstract
This paper describes three basic angles of the media's impact on adolescent self-perception. The paper illustrates the media's most positive portrayal of teenagers and its more customary negative angle. It provides real world examples of the state of adolescence in America. The paper explores how and why corporate America and the media affect the nation's children.

Table of Contents
I. Fear is in the TV: Media images of an adolescent world
II. Truth is in the Streets: The rest of the story
III. Autopsy Reports in the Profit Margins: What does Corporate America have to gain?
a. Media Stock in Violence
b. Drug Companies and the New Marketplace
c. Get Tough on Crime (it's easy on the approval ratings)
d. Selling Popularity
IV. I Don't Want to Be Part of Your World: Self-definition and other underage options
a. Media Complications and Youth Reactions
b. Self-Definition and Viable Options
V. Summary
VI. Sources Used

From the Paper
"I began work on this paper with every intention of sticking to traditional subjects. I planned to discuss media portrayal of women and beauty, the formation of high school "cool" through marketing and media pressure, and the legalities of advertising to teenagers. Along the way I expected to discuss such random issues as cartoon characters and smoking campaigns. However, once I actually started my research, an entirely different topic kept popping up over and over again: the negative media portrayal of teenagers and the wholesale selling of violence and mind-altering drugs.
"Multiple school shootings have passed in recent memory. Daily news reports continue to be filled with stories of adolescent murderers and children in adult prisons. The question then presented itself to my mind, how does all this negative media coverage affect the way teens view themselves, and the way in which they interact with the world? Are teens today really more violent, and if so, is that the fault of the entertainment media or some other cause? What is it like to be part of a subculture that takes the brunt of these media scandals? Is it all hype, and does the hype worsen the problem?
Increasingly my other research seemed to pale in comparison to these questions. One day when I was at the library, a boy walked by wearing a Marilyn Manson T-shirt that piqued my interest and made up my mind as to how I should approach this paper. It read: "Is adult entertainment killing our children, or is killing children entertaining our adults?" I set myself the task of answering that question, and further exploring how media messages on violence and group conformity might change the self-perception and self-identification of adolescents, with a focus on the events at Columbine.
There are three basic angles that I felt needed to be explored. First, I attempted to explain the media's most positive portrayal of teenagers and its more customary, negative angle. Then I contrasted these stereotypes with a few real-world truths about the state of adolescence in America. Finally, I tried to explore how and just as importantly, why, corporate America and the general media have affected our children."

Tags:media, adolescent, self-perception, teenager, adolescence, america, corporate, violence, crime

Abstract
This paper describes the media's influence on American foreign policy, focusing on the propaganda and influences, which rule the media. The paper illustrates how the media acts for the interests of the U.S. government and discusses the fact that the media is owned by corporations. The paper claims that the ensuing result is many serious and important events do not get reported and the concept of free press is an illusion.

Format: Chicago style

From the Paper
"Those who witnessed the atrocities of September 11, 2001 all over the world, and especially the United States, are not likely to forget the horrendous images. Every news channel played nonstop footage of planes crashing and buildings collapsing, smoke and flames, people screaming and jumping from buildings, and of course the inevitability that so many would be dead. There is no doubt that this event was a huge disaster and a horrible moment that will leave a mark in history as one of the worst terrorism acts. However, there are numerous catastrophic events, as well as deaths of individuals, that do not produce much of a response in the American media."

Tags:news, television, radio, newspaper, government, congress, corporations, public, opinion

Abstract
This paper takes a look at how the media influences the way adolescents view the ideal body image. The author examines the type of stereotypes that the media encourages and the way that this effects society.

From the Paper
"Adolescence is a time for learning and growth. This time can be easier to handle by some than others. For some it can be a revelation of new experiences and ideas, while adolescence can also be a difficult, stressful time for those trying to discover themselves. This can affect themselves as well as those around them. During this time, adolescents are likely to identify with those around them, their peers. Identifying with peers can help adolescents along by giving them the opportunity to see how others deal with problems similar to their own and by offering their own advice to those who need it. Along with this, adolescents are liable to worry about their body image, and may want to conform to those who have achieved the "desired" image. This image may be thin, muscular, or just average. Nevertheless, some adolescents will go too far to achieve this image, usually this is done by adolescent females who wish to become thin. This can be attributed to media's portrayal of women. The majority of women in ads, television and movies are thin and are seen as attractive because of this. Adolescent girls will see these women and may want their image as their own, and some will go to any lengths to acquire this. This in turn could lead to the idea that during this process of change and growing up, adolescents are often concerned about their physical image, which is influenced by the media."

Tags:actress, adolescent, ads, anorexia, athletes, body, bulemia, celebrities, communication, comparison, disorders, eating, friends, gymnast, ideal, idolize, journal, loss, magazine, models, peer, portrayal, pressure, social, theory, tv, weight, women

Abstract
The paper reveals that Africa's influence on mathematics dates back thousands of years to before the beginning of recorded history, for archeological evidence indicates that ancient African societies made significant contributions to the study of mathematics beginning as far back as prehistoric times. The paper offers the example that the Ishango bone found by archeologists in Zaire has been dated circa 18,000 BCE and a much older bone found in Namibia dated circa 35,000 BCE both indicate a knowledge of basic arithmetic, for they were inscribed with equally spaced tally marks used for counting.

From the Paper
"Africa's influence on mathematics dates back thousands of years to before the beginning of recorded history, for archeological evidence indicates that ancient African societies made significant contributions to the study of mathematics beginning as far back as prehistoric times. For example, the Ishango bone found by archeologists in Zaire has been dated circa 18,000 BCE and a much older bone found in Namibia dated circa 35,000 BCE both indicate a knowledge of basic arithmetic, for they were inscribed..."

Tags:african, mathematics, influence

Abstract
The paper explores the role of the media in the US intervention in Iraq and examines the impact that the media has on US government tactics. The paper illustrates how the media has been able to control and influence the global perception of the war in Iraq. The paper clearly shows how the media is now an important non-state party in the global affairs and has tremendous influence on the overall flow of information within the global community. The paper concludes by noting the need to redesign not only the legal rule of engagement but also the legal extent of the media's intervention on reporting the incidents and strategies of an ongoing war.

Outline:
Introduction
Role of Media in the US intervention in Iraq
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The role of the media is critical in nearly every walk of life now because of its expanse especially in the last decade. The media has grown into such a powerful tool of communication and influence that it has now become an integral part of the wars that are being fought e.g. the War on Terror or the US intervention in Iraq. The reason behind the media being such an integral part of the international wars is because the world is now a global village where to preserve the right image and intentions in fighting or winning a war it is important to win the opinions and the support of the global community. Even though most media outlets aim to present both sides of the story, many journalists agree that the pattern has always been the formation of an opinion that is inclined towards one side more so then the other."

Tags:reporters, journalists, opinions, perception, broadcasts, news, frames, agenda

Abstract
The paper discusses how in the chapter entitled "Science and China's Influence on the World," Needham focuses on the influence that China has had on the world, particularly in the field of science. The paper explains that he is at pains to make a point about which he clearly feels strongly, namely that China is not a quaint, dead ancient civilization from which Europe (viewed as the center of all civilization and science) may inherit a few exotic elements.

From the Paper
"In the chapter entitled "Science and China's Influence on the World," Needham focuses on the influence that China has had on the world, particularly in the field of science. He is at pains to make a point about which he clearly feels strongly, namely that China is not a quaint, dead ancient civilization from which Europe (viewed as the center of all civilization and science) may inherit a few exotic elements. Needham's disdain for this way of thinking is clearly expressed when he uses the words: "The `legatee' is the international world of which every country now ... forms a part; not simply a Europe deigning to adopt a few exotic..."

Tags:china, needham, technology

Abstract
The paper asserts that Richard Wagner's influence on heavy metal rock music is one of those associations that many people take as a vague given. The paper discusses this Romantic artist and this blue collar pop musical movement with a popularity level that spiked sharply in the mid-1980s, so that it was temporarily one of the most popular music forms in the world.

From the Paper
"Richard Wagner's influence on heavy metal rock music is one of those associations that many people take as a vague given. It's a trite comparison in the way it's usually used, because of the serious but silly, over-the-top associations that people generally carry around with them regarding this Romantic artist and this blue collar pop musical movement with a popularity level that spiked sharply in the mid-1980s, so that it was temporarily one of the most popular music forms in the world. More than perhaps anything, the airy commonality between Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen (and in particular with the character of the cycle's first...)"

Tags:opera, wager, heavy metal