Abstract This paper critically examines MaynardSolomon's portrayal, in his biography "Beethoven", of Ludwig van Beethoven's battle for custody of his nephew Karl. It argues that although Solomon delves into Beethoven's psychology and his motives for pursuing custody, the author fails to objectively depict the custody battle. The paper explains that, instead, Solomon's coverage is uneven and his perspective skewed, and he glosses over certain facts that might have shown Beethoven in a more unfavorable light.
From the Paper "In the chapter "Beethoven and his Nephew," Maynard Solomon makes insightful observations about Beethoven's motives for fighting to gain custody of his nephew Karl, and about Beethoven's feelings toward both Karl and his mother Johanna. He examines Beethoven's psychology in depth, and forms interesting connections between Beethoven's actions and previous events in his life. Overall, however, Solomon does not succeed in accurately depicting the conflict. Despite his thorough analysis of Beethoven's psyche, Solomon glosses over how Beethoven's extreme actions affected Karl's development. He rarely mentions Beethoven's cruelty toward Karl and does not treat the boy as a full-blown character in the saga. As if this omission weren't enough, Solomon also attempts to excuse Beethoven's cruel and unethical actions regarding Karl and Johanna. Because of these shortcomings, Solomon fails to appropriately convey the gravity of the conflict; he neglects to devote an appropriate amount of space to Karl himself, and tries to soften the harsh facts of Beethoven's cruelty."
Abstract This paper is account of Mahler's "Fourth Symphony" as a response and commentary to Beethoven's "Ninth Symphony". It looks at Mahler's adoption of the theme of joy in Beethoven's symphony and his grafting it on to a vocal arrangement.
From the Paper "In the chapter titled Ambivalent, Elysium Bonds develops the idea that Mahler's Fourth Symphony is a response to and commentary on Beethoven's Ninth. Whereas Beethoven's Ninth is dense and complex Bondargues Mahler's Fourth is ostensibly spare from an ..."
The following paper discusses the Maynard vs. Wooley court case, a case which pushed the Supreme Court to reflect and evaluate the intricate web of rights and interactions between the individual, state and federal government.
Abstract The following paper discusses both sides of both issues of the Maynard vs. Wooley case. In 1969, the New Hampshire legislature approved a law that obligated most non-commercial motor vehicle license plates to display the state motto ?Live free or die.? This act of the state was intended to promote appreciation of state individualism, history, and pride, and on a more practical level to distinguish passenger New Hampshire license plates from others. George and Maxine Maynard, two devoted Jehovah's Witnesses residing in New Hampshire, however, were offended by the statement that conflicted with their religious and moral beliefs. Finding the statement objectionable, the couple covered then later cut out the words from the plate, believing that displaying them would be equal to an affirmation and open endorsement of the statement. Their refusal to carry the motto on their plate violated New Hampshire statutes RSA 262:27-c and RSA 263:1 that required the display of the motto on all non-commercial plates and outlawing any deliberate obscuration of or damage done to the motto. The Maynards objected to the fines and charges against him, and the case went to the New Hampshire state court, where the judge ruled in their favor. The interests of the people were put at risk for the pursuit of a state interest that was relatively quite insignificant and could be achieved in less drastic means. The author discusses the Supreme Court's final ruling that chose to place priority on personal freedoms and rights.
From the Paper "A great deal of the case focused on the state's violation of the First Amendment, which protects the Maynards" freedom of religion and speech, and of the Fourteenth Amendment, which provides that the citizens? rights cannot be infringed on by the state. The Maynards believed, and later the greater part of the Court agreed in Justice Burger's opinion, that the N.H. statute R.S.A 262:27-c itself was unconstitutional because it ?forces an individual, as part of his daily life ? constantly while his automobile is in public view ? to be an instrument for fostering public adherence to an ideological point of view he finds unacceptable. In doing so, the State ?invades the sphere of intellect and spirit which it is the purpose of the First Amendment to our Constitution to reserve from all official control.?
Tags: district, attorney, constitution, rights, personal, freedom, expression, individual, state
Abstract This paper defines romanticism and romantic music, describes Beethoven's contribution to music and his innovations, and the ways in which his music linked with romanticism. Examples of some of his major works that depict romanticism are also discussed.
Contents
Romanticism
Beethoven and his Music
Early Music and Loss of Hearing
Early Influences
Different Phases of Beethoven's Music
The Eroica - Beethoven's Third Symphony
Beethoven's Sixth Symphony
The Ninth Symphony
Conclusion
From the Paper "Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late 18th century as a revolt against "classicism" (and to a lesser extent against ?rationalism.?) It stressed strong emotion, feeling and imagination rather than correctness in form. Romanticism rejected order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism and the 18th century Neoclassicism. The movement took its inspiration in part from the libertarian and egalitarian ideals of the French Revolution. ("Romanticism"-Columbia Encyclopedia, 2000)
In Romantic Music emotion and expression of feelings is given more importance than formal balance and internal order. It became the dominant musical trend in classical music during the 19th century and period between 1800 and 1900 is often referred to as the Romantic Period. While Beethoven is thought to be the first romantic composer, other notable composers who used romanticism in their music include Chopin and Wagner."
Abstract There have been numerous philosophers and even thinkers in economics who have put forward their theories. This paper discusses two major philosophers of economics, Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes. It looks at how Adam Smith, known commonly as the father of modern economics, influenced the growth of economic theory and the evolution of modern, market-based societies. It also discusses how the second great revolution in economic thought was by John Maynard Keynes and how his theory of Employment, Interest and Money bestows to academia a different way of looking at the aggregate economic universe.
Outline
Introduction
Adam Smith
John Maynard Keynes
Conclusion
From the Paper "Smith was in support of free trade. He derived his support for free trade among nations by centering it on the obvious desirability of trade among individuals: "It is the maxim of every prudent master of a family, never to attempt to make at home what it will cost him more to make than to buy". Though Smith is usually thought to have relied on the Theory of Absolute Advantage to gain his support for free trade. According to Smith, free trade not only extended the extent of the market and, thereby, permitted greater division of labor; free trade also increased productivity by allowing countries to specialize in what they do well. In Smith's view of the workings of the market system, any short-run deviation of the market price from the long-run price would activate the forces of competition which would ultimately take the market price to its long-run level."
Abstract In this article, the writer looks at the life of Ludwig van Beethoven, who by the time of his death in 1827, was already recognized as one of the greatest musical talents of his era. At the end of reading the biographies of both Geck and Jones, the writer notes that one is left with an impression of Beethoven that often confirms the stereotype of the Romantic genius at odds with his era. But, as both biographers point out, this is a notion that Beethoven played a major role in fostering. The writer discusses that as an emblematic figure of Romanticism, Beethoven not only composed some of the most important music of all time; he also gave rise to common beliefs about the myth of artistic genius. The writer concludes that ultimately, it may be impossible for a truly "objective" account of Beethoven's life to ever emerge, owing to the fact that mythology and reality are inextricable when considering the legacy of this great man - and the music that continues to live on, all these years later.
From the Paper "At the same time, Geck shows the ways in which Beethoven fostered many of the myths surrounding his genius during his own lifetime. Geck admits early on that there continues to be some confusion regarding Beethoven's exact birth date, for example. Much of this confusion arises from the fact that Beethoven was not the first-born son of his parents - but he was the first-born son to survive. Two years prior to Beethoven's birth, they had had another son who was also named Ludwig, but who died in infancy. For this reason, Beethoven believed that he had been born in 1772, rather than 1770, as has commonly been believed.
"If there is a problem with Geck's biography, it is a structural one."
Abstract In this article, the writer looks at the book of Ecclesiastes that is believed to have been written by Solomon and contains various pursuits that Solomon reports giving himself over to and relates the lessons that he learned while in the midst of these pursuits. The writer points out that King Solomon is said to have been the wisest man who ever lived however and maintains that this cannot be accredited to his having lived a blameless life but instead may be accredited to the many lessons learned by Solomon, which culminated in great wisdom. The writer discusses that the wisdom of Solomon can be easily understood to have been gained through trial and error and through the process of honest and candid reflection, upon not only his life, but the lives of those around him as he witnessed the futile pursuits of himself and others.
From the Paper " Ecclesiastes reports the reflection of Solomon on life and how man, in his few and numbered years on the earth, really accomplishes nothing that is lasting. Man is born and spends the first years of his life in education and learning and once this has been completed, spends the rest of his years working. Regardless of the accomplishments, or alternatively, the lack of accomplishments on the part of a man, the grave still claims that man and all that is left are his children who follow the same path and irregardless of their accomplishments are then too, lowered into a grave in the earth. The reflections of Solomon are in reality Solomon's search for meaning which may be applied to man's existence. Solomon had 300 wives and 700 concubines as well as vast wealth and knowledge and great respect of those around him and yet, even all this, Solomon learned was not enough to gratify the heart and the soul of man."
Abstract This paper explains that Beethoven studied under Joseph Haydn, the "father of the string quartet," who inspired Beethoven's first six string quartets, including Opus 18/6, written for two violins, a viola, and a cello. The author points out that, because of his troubled personal life, his music often depicts a theme of struggle followed by triumph as is evident in Beethoven's first six string quartets, which were composed before he went deaf. The paper describes each of the four distinct movements of String Quartet Number 6, Opus 18/6: 1. Allegro con brio; 2. Adagio ma non troppo; 3. Scherzo: Allegro; and 4. La Malincona Adagio-Allegretto quasi Allegro. A listening chart for the First Movement is included.
From the Paper "Beethoven began composing string quartets in his so-called "early period," the time of his musical career in which he was exploring different styles and primarily emulating his teacher Joseph Haydn. Moreover, Beethoven's "early period" is also the time before he began to go deaf, around age 30. When Beethoven began losing his hearing, his impending deafness led the musician into deep mental depression. His social life deteriorated and he became suicidal as well. Music written during Beethoven's "middle period" is characteristically grand, expressing "heroism and struggle.""
Abstract This paper examines various psychological factors within the behaviors and biographies of Ludwig Van Beethoven and Vincent Van Gogh. The psychological concept of "nature versus nurture" is examined to reveal the innate and behavioral aspects of Beethoven and Van Gogh's creative genius in music and art. It looks at how, although both artists often conveyed innate "natural" abilities, both artists were often supported through societal influences that provided them with the tools to create masterworks in their fields. In essence, the psychological aspects of "nature versus nurture" are analyzed, revealing the behavioral influences that nurtured the creative genius of Beethoven and Van Gogh.
From the Paper "The life of Ludwig Van Beethoven is one that is wrought with a father's obsession to control his son's musical talents. When Beethoven was young, he was often forced by his father to practice the study of music and instrumentation. The psychological ramifications of nature versus nurture are very much a conflicting issue in Beethoven's early musical development. Although there is now way to gauge the innate talent of Beethoven, he certainly appears to be "naturally gifted" in the mind of his father."
Abstract This paper compares the works of Ludwig van Beethoven and Johann Sebastian Bach. The paper points out that both musicians were great and influential men, but their styles and the way they conducted their lives and their music varied greatly. The works compared and contrasted are the first movement of Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5", belonging to the classical genre of music, and the first movement of Bach's "Brandenburg Concert No. 5", belonging to the late Baroque style. The paper also addresses the composers' tragic lives. To conclude, the author of the paper praises both composers, but ultimately prefers Beethoven's works.
From the Paper "The Brandenburg Concertos were written by Johann Sebastian Bach between the years of 1715 and 1721. There are six different concertos, all of which individually call for a diverse group of soloists in the concertino. In the first movement of the Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, which was written in 1720 and lasts for a period of nine minutes and forty-one seconds, a brilliant use of the harpsichord can be heard by the listener. Bach's intent in writing the Brandenburg Concertos was to show off his ability to write challenging music for any instrument, which he does illustrate greatly in the first movement of the fifth concerto, as well as in all of the others. Johann Sebastian Bach lived from 1685 to 1750 and it is said that everything he did, everything that he wrote was for the glory of God. Bach's tragic life was not unlike Beethoven's in that Bach and his wife Anna had twelve children and eight of them died before they reached the age of five. This was not exactly uncommon for the time, but tragic nonetheless. Bach was the master of counterpoint, which means that he essentially mastered polyphony and the harmonious opposition of two or more independent musical lines. In this first movement of the fifth Brandenburg Concerto, the full orchestra is in competition for the attention of the listener with the concertino."
Tags: concertino, counterpoint, harmony, baroque, romantic, classical, music
Abstract Looks at the differing historical assessments of the nature of Israel during the rules of David and Solomon and whether Israel could be classified as a kingdom during those times. Examines both the traditional view, where David and Solomon are considered central to Jewish history, and the position taken by a group called the "new archaeologists" who claim that David and Solomon were, at best, small-time leaders of local tribes.
From the Paper "Such an analysis is more a matter of commentary on the text than any sort of historical analysis because until recently there was little clear evidence that David or Solomon even existed, and many scholars have claimed that they did not. Under the traditional view, David and Solomon are considered central to Jewish history. A group known as the "new archaeologists" claim that David and Solomon were at best small-time leaders of local tribes, making the greatness of Israel under their leadership is a matter of exaggeration. For instance, they doubt that Solomon ever built the great temple as described in the Bible. These scholars are also known as the "minimalists" because they believe in a minimal interpretation of the evidence available about ancient Israel."
Abstract Erotic Love is a highly complex issue because of its various manifestations and outcomes. In this paper the author discusses Solomon's theory of erotic love and how he uses that theory to argue that love leads to limited self-expansion and has certain virtues associated with it. The paper begins by presenting an exposition of Solomon's theory. The paper then argues that the evidence that the evidence which Solomon offers in support of his conclusion is inconclusive and is based on a false premise.
A critical analysis of Beethoven's and Tchaikovsky's compositions. A critical analysis is taken of Beethoven's and Tchaikovsky's compositions, and how the people during the Romantic period viewed them.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 12 sources, 1999, $ 44.95
Abstract A critical analysis is taken of Beethoven's and Tchaikovsky's compositions, and how the people during the Romantic period viewed them. The author aims at a greater understanding of music, how it affects us, and why some musical pieces can stand the test of time.
From the Paper "Today we have MTV, music videos, and many other ways in which music is interpreted for us. Once upon a time, however, during the Romantic period, people would listen to musical pieces such as Beethoven's Fifth Symphony or view and hear Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker and come up with their own interpretations for music. These musical compositions could stand-alone and each person could awaken to their own dreams and realizations of the music when they heard it. An in depth look is to be taken of the above compositions, their composers, and how the people during the Romantic period viewed them. By doing this it is hoped that a greater understanding of music, how it affects us, and why some musical pieces can stand the test of time."
Abstract This paper discusses the early works of Beethoven using an interview format for a bogus magazine, considering the works of the early period up to about 1801 and considsering the influence of Haydn and Mozart and the way Beethoven developed as a composer.
Abstract This paper will examine the early musical works of Ludwig van Beethoven. By realizing the concepts of these early musical works, we can see why he wrote them, and how they were constructed in this period of time. By analyzing the period from 1790 to 1810, the affects of Beethoven's music was generally getting off the ground, but the genius was coming through at a tremendous rate.
