Abstract This paper documents the rise and fall of the First Bank of the UnitedStates created in 1791. It describes the major criticism of the bank, how it interfered with the development of the banking system and economic growth. It explains how the Second Bank of the UnitedStates rose from the demise of the First Bank, and what caused the closure of the Second Bank.
Tags: Central bank, first bank of the unitedstates, second bank of the unitedstates, implied powers, constitutional law, madison, hamilton, washington, fiscal policy, inflation, veto
Abstract This paper describes the central monetary system of the UnitedStates government in the form of the Federal Reserve Bank. The paper examines the function of the bank and it's governing members and committees. The paper details the concepts and economic responsibilities of the bank and highlights its historic policies.
From the Paper "The major institution of centralized monetary policy in the United States is the Federal Reserve Bank ? which has been much in the news lately as it has continued to drop the discount rate. To understand why it has taken the actions that it has during this calendar year and to understand the relationship between the Federal Reserve Bank, a centralized monetary policy and fluctuations in interest we must in fact focus on the central bank ? or the Fed, as it is nearly universally called, even by those who never even think about investing in the world of high finance."
Tags:united, states, federal, reserve, bank, centralized, monetary, policy, ecomony, central, inflation, Clinton, Bush
Abstract This paper examines the terrible disease of tuberculosis and its spread in the 18th and 19th century In Europe. It details the disease's symptoms and their treatment as well as the discovery of anti-tuberculous drugs. Furthermore, it gives a valid comparison of the prevalence of tuberculosis amongst the populations of the UnitedStates and South Korea and studies the statistical data of these two very different countries. It concludes that better living conditions can bring down the amount of people sick with TB.
From the Paper "Tuberculosis is a communicable disease that usually affects the respiratory system but can infect any other system of the body. It is transmitted by droplet infection in the air from a person with the active disease. The pathogens are bacteria known commonly as Mycobacterium Tuberculi. Tuberculosis was a fatal disease in the 18th and 19th centuries, prominent all over Europe even in the well off classes. With the discovery of Streptomycin and other anti-tuberculous drugs, along with strict health regimens and isolation procedures the more developed nations managed to control this epidemic by the 20th century. Underdeveloped countries however were still a source of the infection and it was endemic in many third world nations."
Tags: Tuberculosis, United, States, South, Korea, HIV, disease, air, living, conditions, underdeveloped, countries
Abstract This paper looks at the underlying trends of each population growth factor separately, particularly the immigration factor. It includes several graphs and in-depth data of the population in the UnitedStates as a whole as well as divided into sectors. It gives an historical overview of the Hispanic immigration from its origin until the present day. Finally, it concludes that the Hispanic population will continue to grow rapidly into the largest minority group due to their immigration and birth rate.
From the Paper "Researchers in demographics have persistently foretold that the rapidly growing Hispanic population would inevitably develop into the leading minority group in the United States. Updated data released from the 2000 census reveal that this belief is fast approaching actualisation. The data indicates that America's Hispanic population grew by 58% during the 1990s, putting Hispanics practically equal with African Americans as the country's biggest minority group. Most demographers predicted that the Hispanic population would equal or exceed African Americans by 2005. But that may occur sooner than initially anticipated. (Travierso, Maria. 2001, 1) How has this approaching dominance among minorities occurred and what does this mean to the U.S. population at large?"
Tags: Hispanic, United, States, census, 2000, population, minority, demographics
Abstract This paper examines 20th century developments pertaining to the UnitedStates and China. The paper discusses how the philosophical position of each nation acts as a guiding principle when domestic agendas are decided upon and how these in turn reflect on international relations.
From the Paper "The United States and China have long eyed one another from across an ideological chasm that has at times appeared unbridgeable. Throughout the 20th century, domestic trends within each nation have diverged such that little common ground appeared to exist between them. Indeed for much of the 20th century, Chinese isolationism reinforced a communist agenda that did not recognize key properties intrinsic to Western society, among them religious freedom, capitalist business practices and a generally individualistic disposition."
Abstract The UnitedStates Patriot Act was passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives soon after the attacks of 9/11 and was initially designed as one of the governmental measures taken in the fight against terrorism. The author contends that the measures stipulated in the act generated massive debates over whether or not the Patriot Act abridges essential freedom. The paper examines the measures and powers given to authorities by the act. The writer discusses the effects of these measures on the UnitedStates as a democratic nation.
From the Paper "Through the Patriot Act the US government can constantly monitor any terrorism suspect and the people that he interacts with. For example, any phone that might at one point be used by a terrorism suspect can be legally supervised indefinitely and so even those that have no relation with a terrorist suspect and simply use a public phone or accidentally come in contact with a terrorist suspect can be supervised and their phone can be monitored. The biggest concern is that the government will have easier access to personal information of any citizen and that there is no guarantee that that personal information will not be used against individuals. There is a great risk of allowing governmental agencies easy and hidden access to private information as this would permit a great amount of unwanted control of governmental agencies over private life."
Tags: power security police spy snoop investigate, civil liberties, free speech, freedom totalitarian state government
Abstract Homelessness remains one of America's most complicated and important social issues and is a devastating experience for families. It disrupts virtually every aspect of family life, damaging the physical and emotional health of family members interfering with children's education and development and frequently resulting in the separation of family members. This paper provides an overview of causes and consequences of homelessness among three of the largest homeless population in the UnitedStates; families with children, the mentally ill and veterans.
From the Paper "In the last 15 years, the United States has seen a tremendous growth in the percentage of the homeless population. One of the fastest growing segments of the homeless population is families with children. Families with children constitute approximately 40% of people who become homeless. A survey of 30 U.S. cities found that in 1998, children accounted for 25% of the homeless population. Families have become much more diverse than the conventional nuclear family. The make up of homeless people has also become more diverse and now includes a larger proportion of homeless families. Families have changed due to the decline in marriages, increased births outside marriage, lower birth rates, and higher rates of divorce and relationship breakdown. Homeless families include single parent families, headed mainly by women, couples with children and couples without children. The U.S. Census indicates that families, single mothers, and children make up the largest group of people who are homeless in rural areas."
Tags: causes, families, homeless, homelessness, states, united, veterans
Abstract The paper gives a brief explanation of the Second Amendment of the Constitution of the UnitedStates. The paper discusses its history, related court interpretations and legislation. The following issues are addressed in the paper: The National Rifle Association's view on the second amendment, the rule of adherence to precedent, whether the Second Amendment applies to the federal or state level and if it protects only state militias or individual rights. The paper also looks at gun ownership and homicide rates from 1970 to1990.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "There have been numerous cases involving the Second Amendment but not too many have made it to the law of the land, the Supreme Court of the United States. Busch (2003) discusses the major Supreme Court cases involving the Second Amendment, while focusing on the impact the United States v Emerson (as cited in Busch, 2003) case had on the right to bear arms. Busch (2003) notes that after the Supreme Court case of United States v Miller (as cited in Busch, 2003), a large part of lower federal courts interpret the protection of the Second Amendment as a collective right and not an individual right. Busch (2003) also notes that the Supreme Court has yet to clearly state whether the Second Amendment is collective or individual. A collective right means that it applies only to the federal government. An individual right means that it only applies to state government."
Tags: well regulated militia, state militias, individual rights, supreme court cases
Abstract The end of the nineteenth century is seen as an era of trust busting under President Roosevelt and the Progressives. This was an era in which industry was subject to increasingly strict regulation in an effort to preserve the competitive marketplace. The following discussion will explore this issue: In what way and to what extent was business regulated in the UnitedStates during the nineteenth century? An issue of secondary importance will also be considered: In what way did nineteenth century regulation of business foreshadow the manner in which business is currently regulated at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Abstract This paper describes the lobbying process in the UnitedStates Congress. It looks at the origins of lobbying, the purpose of lobby groups, what kinds of institutions and organizations compose a lobby group, and how lobbying efforts and the lobbying process has changed over time. The paper also looks at global lobby groups and the influence that lobbyists exert on the U.S. Congress in general.
From the Paper "Lobbying is the practice and profession of influencing governmental decisions, and is carried out by agents who represent the concerns of special interests to legislators and administrators.1 The term first originated in the 1830's, when representatives of interest groups tended to congregate in the lobbies of Congress and state legislatures, however, the term is now used in a broader sense to include attempt to influence any governmental actions.2 Lobbying in the United States today has become an accepted an ubiquitous part of the political system. Although federal and state legislators are technically representatives of geographical areas, they spend a great deal of their time with lobbyists, and at times are responding to interest groups rather than to their constituents, to the degree that legislation drafted by lobbyists is sometimes introduced."
Abstract This paper describes the personal reaction of the writer to the film "Grenada P.M. MauriceBishop, Speaker at Hunter College". The writer is of the opinion that this is a fairly provocative film that portrays Bishop as an aggressive leader of some ability but with a questionable background. The writer also learns how U.S. foreign policy is often misguided, aiming to punish unpopular regimes but also punishing innocent peoples.
From the Paper "To begin with, my reaction was a mixed one. In the opening minutes of Grenada P.M. Maurice Bishop, Speaker at Hunter College, Mr. Bishop urges Americans to engage in a more productive "dialogue" with their Grenadian counterparts; he also implores Americans to engage in a mutually trusting and "normal" relationship with a Grenadian nation that had been wracked by a number of political uprisings and disturbances in recent years. Not to be overlooked, Bishop points out to listeners that Grenadian trade, social services and the economy more generally has been debilitated by the U.S. reluctance to trade with the tiny nation. To bolster his claims that Grenada is a great place to invest, he reports on how capital investment is gaining momentum in Grenada and how government policies are finally pushing the country in the right direction despite various obstacles."
Abstract The UnitedStates sends Israel about $3 billion in financial and military aid every year. Most Americans--60 to 70 percent--approve of U.S. support of Israel. Others argue that this foreign aid intensifies the tension between the UnitedStates and Arab countries, who believe that Israel should withdraw from territories that rightfully belong to Palestinians. This paper debates to what extent the UnitedStates should get involved with problems in the Middle East, including whether or not U.S. aid to Israel should continue.
Outline
The UnitedStates Must Wage a War Against Middle Eastern Terrorism
The UnitedStates Should Continue to Support Israel
The UnitedStates Should Go to War with Iraq
The UnitedStates Should Promote Democracy in the Middle East
The U.S. War on Terrorism is Unethical
The UnitedStates Should Stop Supporting Israel
The UnitedStates Should Not Go to War with Iraq
From the Paper "According to Zunes, since its inception in 1948, Israel has proven a useful ally to the United States, especially during the Cold War. For instance, Israel's powerful military, the strongest in the region, keeps potential enemies of the United States--such as Syria, a Soviet ally during the Cold War--under control. In addition, Israel's numerous wars provided battlefield testing of American arms, often against Soviet weapons. Furthermore, Israel's intelligence department has helped U.S. intelligence agencies gather information and plan covert operations in the Middle East. Finally, Israel possesses an enormous nuclear arsenal and has collaborated with the United States on weapons research and manufacture. Zunes states that "U.S. foreign policy is motivated primarily to advance its own perceived strategic interests." "
Abstract This paper explains that, according to linguist Noam Chomsky, the government of the UnitedStates is a terrorist state because it participates in activities that (1) involve violent acts or endanger human life, which is a violation of the criminal laws of the UnitedStates or would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the UnitedStates or of any State and (2) appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population, to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion or to affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping. The author uses examples such as World War I, Vietnam, Indonesia, the U.S. involvement in Central America and Turkey receiving 80 percent of its arms from the U.S. to launch its counterinsurgency campaign. The paper relates that Chomsky uses his linguistic skills to indict the UnitedStates government for its use of constructed ideals to create the appearance of correctness for the crimes committed against humanity.
From the Paper "Chomsky voices his surprise that the September 11 events had a rather abrasive effect on the American people. Indeed, there is a tendency towards more critical consideration of issues that were previously accepted without question. These include the U.S. role in the Middle East and local issues relating to human rights and freedoms. The press of course is attempting to suppress this upsurge of protest by denying it. Chomsky however cites a variety of examples of demands for talks, the engagement of audiences and the sale of books promoting the idea that the government is engaging in terrorist activities that should be addressed if indeed the American way of life is to be preserved."
Abstract This paper explains that the close ties between the UnitedStates and Great Britain are deeply rooted in common language as well as a long-running and deeply connected historical base of strongly tied economic as well as militaristic cooperation that has spanned since the era of World War II. The author points out that the United Kingdom is the UnitedStates' largest customer and the UnitedStates is the country that invests the largest amount, each year, in the United Kingdom. The paper relates that the commonly held values of democracy and the inherently held beliefs in the freedom of speech, human rights and a similar legal system are the ties that bind the two countries inevitably together.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Background and History
Common Initiatives - Joint Investments
Conclusion
From the Paper "The United States was once under British rule and in fact the American Revolution was fought for the purpose of removing the U.S. Colonies from the rule of the British. The American Revolution was fought and independence was won establishing America as an independent and separate nation from Great Britain but only after a grueling war. Great Britain was determined to keep the Colonies under British rule and after an attack on Charleston and lives having been lost the colonists stated their intentions in a document entitled "Declaration of the Causes and Necessities to Take up Arms" and the action to break away from what most considered to be their mother country began. It has been stated in history that most of the colonists identified with the British and that many of the colonists considered themselves to be Britons."
Tags: language, independence, economy, democracy, rights
Abstract This paper discusses the roles and missions of the UnitedStates armed forces in peacetime and presents examples of MOOTW operations in Bosnia. The author concludes that the national strategy for engagement and enlargement is flawed from a foreign policy perspective. The author believes that policies should be developed and implemented that restrict the use of UnitedStates armed forces to deployments in conjunction with their primary missions unless all other options have failed.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Issues Analysis
UnitedStates National Security
The Role of International Organizations
Human Rights
Regional Stability
Unilateral Versus Coalition
Policy Evaluation
National Interests
Costs
Risks
Military Readiness
Public Support in the UnitedStates Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper "There is little doubt that the international political order is changing, and that in the late summer of 1999 it is significantly different from what it was in the fall of 1989. It remains difficult, however, to predict with any degree of accuracy who the major players in the developing multipolar or unipolar environment will and will not be, and which, if any, of these players will be first among equals. Although as the only current superpower, the United States frequently behaves as if it is the first among equals. In spite of the difficulties being experienced by the national government in Russia, a great leap of faith is required to assume that a major international political role will be denied to a country with an armed force as formidable as Russia's army. While morale is low within the Russian military establishment and funding is short, it remains a force that cannot be ignored."
