Abstract This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes MartinLutherKing's famous "I Have a Dream" speech as presented in Mary Louise Pratt's essay "Arts of the Contact Zone." The paper gives a brief description of King's life and the impact his speech had on the civil rights movement. The reviewer defines Pratt's term "autoethnographic text" which was used in the essay to describe the speech. The paper then outlines and analyzes King's speech, using quotations. The paper concludes by stating that King felt black and white Americans had far more commonalities than differences.
From the Paper "Martin Luther King gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963, during a massive march calling for black civil rights. King was a Baptist minister who worked tirelessly for civil rights until his assassination in 1968. King's speech helped mobilize the black community to work for civil rights and helped show the white community just what blacks faced in terms of segregation, bigotry, and prejudice. It also is an excellent example of the art of the contact zone - specifically how different groups can view the same experience with very different eyes."
Tags:Martin, Luther, King, Mary, Louise, Pratt, I, Have, a, Dream, Arts, of, the, Contact, Zone
Abstract This paper compares the philosophies of MartinLutherKing, Jr. and Malcolm X as civil rights activists. It looks at the differences in their methods, King's belief in civil disobedience and nonviolence and Malcolm X's belief in the use of aggressive action violence. It also looks at the committment of both to social change and considers the challenges that current civil rights leaders face.
Tags: Malcolm X, MartinLutherKing Jr., civil disobedience, Nation of Islam, non-violence, civil rights
Abstract This study examines the nature of civil disobedience within the religious anti-racism platform of Civil Rights activist MartinLutherKing Jr. This paper compares the work of MartinLutherKing to the secular doctrines of civil disobedience in the writings of Henry David Thoreau, a secular society application of non-violence that need not be separated from religion. King was a highly religious man, and he used religion to inspire strength in his community by adhering to Biblical principles.
Abstract This paper examines how both MartinLutherKing Jr. and Malcolm X used their writings and speeches to counteract and negate white racism. The author points out that the main difference between the ideologies of two Civil Rights activist is the polarity of violent and non violent. The paper relates that King did not see violence as a sensible means to change average white Americans to supporting black equality in government and social status.
From the Paper "This race study examines the contrary opinions about fighting racism that existed between Martin Luther King Jr. and another race activist in the Civil Rights era, Malcolm X. The use of violence to win the freedom of black people in America is presented in Malcolm X's speech "Message to the Grass Roots". Contrary to this message of violence toward white authority, Martin Luther King sought non-violent methods of activism to help change white America's negative opinions on the black race. In this manner, both King and Malcolm X offer two polarized opinions about violence and non-violence that existed within the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. The message of violent action against white racist society is clearly portended in the speech "Message to the Grassroots". "
Abstract The paper discusses how in his "Letter From Birmingham Jail" MartinLutherKing, Jr. responded to the clergy of Birmingham that called for his ending the marches and demonstrations that were taking place in a city that was considered by King and his fellow civil rights activists to be the most segregated city in the United States. The paper explains that the clergy had published a letter specifying that the demonstrations were creating an upheaval within the social order of Birmingham that was damaging to the future of the Black population, because the clergy wanted to peacefully negotiate with the hierarchy of the city for civil rights.
Abstract This paper discusses how MartinLutherKing's nonviolent message is often misunderstood by those fully embroiled in black politics. It examines how the lenses of faith and love can help us better to understand the message and philosophy of MartinLutherKing. The paper also briefly compares and contrasts MartinLutherKing and Malcolm X.
Table of Contents:
Why MartinLutherKing is Misunderstood
What is Love?
How did MartinLutherKing evoke Fear?
How did MartinLutherKing transform Society?
Conclusion
From the Paper "When one examines Martin Luther King's actions and methods through the lens of love and faith it is easier to understand his philosophy. He was not a complete pacifist as many believe and was appalled at the atrocities that blacks had to endure. He felt that it was acceptable to defend yourself, especially when one's loved ones were threatened. His underlying reason for pursuing his dream was out of love for the black people. His faith gave him the ability to exude a confidence that was transferred to the crowd. It was love and faith that plummeted Mr., King to develop his plan that would help change the image of black Americans. Malcolm X saw the differences that King made with his philosophy based on faith and love,. Martin Luther King's methods taught the world that they could live together in a less colorblind world."
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different leadership styles of Dr. MartinLutherKing, Jr. Also included, is a discussion of the obstacles Dr. MartinLutherKing, Jr. faced while diagnosing civil rights issues and implementing leadership strategies in the 1960s. The researcher also examines leadership in modern organizations juxtaposed with the Dr. MartinLutherKing's leadership.
Tags: african, american, civil, non, protests, rights, violent, visionary
Abstract This paper discusses how MartinLutherKing Jr. and Malcolm X both fought for the cause of civil rights, defended the same color of people, combated the same problem of racism, and paid for this resistance to black oppression with their lives, and yet held two completely different plans to bring an end to racial discrimination. The paper relates that their conflicting values in this regard are made apparent in MartinLutherKing Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and Malcolm X's "Message to the Grass Roots" and that these values lead to two completely different ideas about how to end racial discrimination. Through a comparison of the content of these two works, it attempts to show that MartinLutherKing Jr. shows more promise as a leader than Malcolm X through his sound reasoning, flexibility, and a classier way of classification.
From the Paper "King, however, acknowledges that society is multi-faceted (which is not surprising for one who graduated with a sociology degree); he mentions five different people groups in his letter: the white supremacists, the white moderates, the complacent Negroes, the black nationalists, and the nonviolent abolitionists. Like Malcolm X, King also brings up upper-middle class blacks in a negative light, but he describes them as "complacent," not controlling or power-hungry. King goes onto mention the other end of the Negro community spectrum, the black nationalists led by Malcolm X, and rather than taking an attacking approach of his rival, he explains that X's violent cause is the result of the people's immense frustration with racial discrimination (King 520). "I have tried to stand between these two forces saying that we need not follow the 'do-nothing-ism' of the complacent or the hatred and despair of the black nationalist." (King 520) His proposal for responding to racism is to stay in between the two extremes of the Negro community by practicing nonviolent protest - to be firm, but not belligerent."
This paper explains that underneath the surface of President Clinton's 1993 speech "What Would MartinLutherKing Say", presented to an audience of black ministers in Memphis are some ugly social comments.
Abstract The paper stresses that President Bill Clinton's Speech "What Would MartinLutherKing Say" failed to address the fact that the destruction of families in black culture, which he condemns as a cause of crime, is closely tied to a racially discriminatory war on drugs, overwhelming poverty and lack of access to birth control methods. The author points out that throughout the speech, Clinton was putting words into MartinLutherKing's mouth that King himself would never have spoken, such as condemning ghetto violence while simultaneously subtly claiming that the military is the answer to the black man's problem, which are directly opposite to the basic tenets of King's philosophy. The paper relates that a third major flaw is that Clinton addresses the black ministers with a severe racial hubris, never making any mention of the racial differences that might call into question his naive brotherly demeanor.
From the Paper "The president does not criticize continued educational inequality, disparity in income and treatment within the justice system, or continued racial segregation in every sector of society except, perhaps, the military (where lower-income black soldiers serve and die in disparate large numbers -- they represent 22% of soldiers and 12% of the population, according to IMDiversity.com.) His gall is turned entirely on a perceived moral decay in the black American community, and here he focuses on stories of young black males committing crimes and young black women having children out of wedlock, speaking out about the lack of "structure, role-modeling, discipline..." in black families. After discussing Martin Luther King's supposed pride in the strides made so far in our culture, Clinton moved immediately to discussing a recent case in which a 13-year-old black child committed murder with an automatic weapon, killing other children."
Abstract The paper evaluates the book ? Why We Can"t Wait", by MartinLutherKing Jr., written in 1963. It focuses on LutherKing's letter: "Letter from a Birmingham Jail", which is included in the book. The paper looks at LutherKing's activities, outlook and message, as gleaned from his book. It attempts to show the book as an expansion of the letter.
From the Paper "Martin Luther King Jr. was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement beginning with the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. He wrote the book Why We Can't Wait in 1963 at a time when the movement was about to change and become more under his leadership. King made the methods of the Montgomery boycott, non-violent protest, into the hallmark of the movement. The bus Boycott was successful, and after that, King and other leaders turned their attention to other issues. He addresses this effort in this book, includes the full text of his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail," analyzes his own tactics and what the movement should be doing, and sets goals to be met."
Tags: letter, Letter from a Birmingham Jail, activities, outlook, message, Civil, Rights, Movement, Montgomery, Bus, Boycott, 1955
Abstract This paper examines the life and influences of MartinLutherKing, Jr. It looks at how as one of the world's most famous supporters of social change through non-violent means, MartinLutherKing, Jr. pulled many of his ideas from numerous cultural traditions. Born in Atlanta during a time of extreme racial unrest, he grew up in a religious family who considered the church an instrument for improving the lives of African Americans. It outlines the main events of his life from his ordination as a minister to his work to being symbol of the African-American civil rights struggle.
From the Paper "After achieving few of his objectives in Albany, Martin Luther King, Jr. recognized the need to organize a successful protest campaign free of conflicts with SNCC. During the spring of 1963, he and his staff guided mass demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama, where local white police officials were known by their anti-black attitudes. Clashes between black demonstrators and police using police dogs and fire hoses generated newspaper headlines through the world. In June, President Kennedy reacted to the Birmingham protests and the obstinacy of segregationist Alabama Governor George Wallace by agreeing to submit broad civil rights legislation to Congress (which eventually passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964)."
Abstract This paper will focus on the contrasts and comparisons of Malcolm X and MartinLutherKing. Their messages of freedom will be discussed and how they are different and alike. The more militant style of Malcolm X will contrasted with the love objective of MartinLutherKing Jr.
Abstract This study will discover the implied audiences of MartinLutherKing and Malcolm X, and seek to understand, in their speeches, whom exactly they were both trying to speak too. This implies an audience with conservative whites who may have been in mind when these great speakers sent out their message. By studying the approach of rhetoric in their speeches, we can quickly see why they depicted different, but similar messages in their speeches. The two speeches from both men are: "Letter from Birmingham Jail" by MLK, and "The Black Revolution." By Malcolm X. IN analyzing these means of communication, we can see the message pf fear that Malcolm X sent out to his audience, and the contrasting message of Love that MartinLutherKing brought out to his white audience.
Abstract MartinLutherKing of the modern United States and Lao-Tzu of ancient China were two great philosophers whose great differences stemmed from their core beliefs. The paper shows that Lao-Tzu believed that the way for humankind to achieve happiness was to connect fully with nature and to not try to control everyday events. It shows, in comparison, that MartinLutherKing believed that humankind should confront evil and correct the wrongs of the world.
From the Paper "King's philosophy was more in line with that of Confucius, who believed that people must make a social difference. However, Lao-Tzu's approach to "do nothing" was not the same as King's approach to "do nothing" when demonstrators were attacked. Lao-Tzu's view was mystical. He would have recognized that while Martin Luther's King's approach may have appeared to be "doing nothing" at first, actually it was the final action of an elaborate plan designed to make a very big social difference. It started with King's followers educating the activists very careful about the philosophy of non-violence. They planned where they would demonstrate, and when. They planned what they would wear and exactly what they would do when they ?did nothing.?"
