Abstract
The paper explains that the Phoenix mission consists of a plan to send a robotic probe to Mars to dig for and then analyze water that is presumed to exist just below the surface of our neighboring planet. The paper discusses how if the mission can demonstrate that water exists on Mars-in any form-then it opens up new possibilities for manned space exploration as well as our understanding of the potential for the development of life on other planets.

From the Paper
"Water is the basis for all life--at least all life with which we have experience. Thus it should come as little surprise that NASA has decided to continue the search for life beyond the Earth by "following the water" ("Phoenix Robot"). The Phoenix mission consists of a plan to send a robotic probe to Mars to dig for and then analyze water that is presumed to exist just below the surface of our neighboring planet. If the mission can demonstrate that water exists on Mars--in any form--then it opens up new possibilities for manned space exploration as well as our understanding of the potential for the development of life on other..."

Tags:astronomy, mars, phoenix

Abstract
This paper looks at literary and scientific documentation to assess whether the possibility exists that there is both life and an existing civilization in Mars and whether Mars is able to support human (or at least similar to the elements needed to support human living) life.

Outline

Introduction
Graham Hancock's "The Mars Mystery"
Summary of Scientific Speculations
List of Similarities between Mars and Earth
Evidence Supporting Life on Mars
Physical Structure and Composition of Mars
Chemical, Biological and Atmospheric Composition of Mars
Life is Possible on Mars
Civilization Existed on Mars
Space Missions and Probes
Space Mission/Programs Funded by Various Nations
Disqualification of Claims of Civilization on Mars
Conclusion

From the Paper
"These space probes and explorations about Mars brought about numerous information and even pictures of the planet's surface. However, it is difficult to obtain quality shots of the planet's surface because of its distance from the Earth, and accuracy and precision was sacrificed when information brought by these probes came into existence and knowledge of scientists and astronomers. One speculation that resulted from these studies and explorations is that aside from the possibility that Mars is capable of cultivating human life, there has been evidence supporting some scientists' claim that there existed a form of civilization in Mars."

Tags:civilization, human, beings, astronomy, solar, system, sun

Abstract
This paper describes the history of human observation of Mars, as well as the modern system of exploration and observation. The paper goes on to establish promotions and objections of future human development of Mars, as it would be accomplished through a process of terraforming.

Outline:
Physical Characteristics
History of Observation of Mars
Modern Martian Exploration
The 'Life on Mars' Debate
The Moons of Mars
Martian Geology
Terraforming Mars

From the Paper
"Mars, Ares, Tiw, the god of war; the red planet has been revered as the bringer or bloodshed with its red color in the sky, like the color of blood. The planet adjacent to Earth has been an object of mystery and wonder from the time the first human turned his head skyward, to the time when the first telescope was used to observe Mars and its mysterious "canals," to the present day, as humans continue to send spacecraft to the red planet to expand on existing knowledge."

Tags:Red, Planet, Terraforming, Space, Life

Abstract
This paper provides a mission overview of the Mars Pathfinder mission ,launched in December 1996 as part of an ongoing series of Mars missions to prepare for the landing of a man on the 'red planet' in the next century. It gives a brief mission summary, followed by a scientific description focusing on how Pathfinder made it to Mars and how it surveyed Mars's atmosphere and Mars's surface. It looks at how Mars Pathfinder was not only a huge scientific success, but also gave the public, via Internet, the opportunity to participate at a space mission at a level never experienced before.

Outline
Title
Abstract
Chapter
Introduction
Mission Summary
Science Description
Spacecraft Description
Development and Manufacturing Structure
Launch Vehicle
Mission Costs
Summary

From the Paper
"On December 4, 1996 the pathfinder mission was launched on a Delta II-7925 launch vehicle out of Cape Canaveral Air Station. After 211 days in space and a distance traveled of almost 300 million miles the spacecraft landed on July 4, 1997 at its destination (DLR, 2003). In order to fine-tune the flight path a series of four-trajectory correction maneuvers (TCMs) were performed throughout the journey. NASA used the Deep Space Network (DSN) for tracking, telemetry, and command operations. DSN is an international network of antennas that supports interplanetary spacecraft missions by using giant dish antennas (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2004)."

Tags:cape, canaveral, nasa, deep, space, network, spacecraft

Abstract
This paper focuses on Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun, explaining that it is more like Earth than any other body in our solar system. The paper notes that Mars has mountains and valleys, polar ice caps, and dry riverbeds; it has seasons, an atmosphere with clouds, winds and dust storms, and a solid rocky surface. Mars has a moderate climate with summertime temperatures at the Martian equator during the daytime are comparable to those of winter in Antarctica. Conversely,the paper asserts, Mars is about half as large earth, and it receives about half as much sunlight in intensity. Its thin atmosphere is comprised of about 95 percent carbon dioxide, and its two moons, Phobos and Deimos, and its many volcanoes seem extinct, and its riverbeds dry.

From the Paper
"Mars , the fourth planet from the Sun, is more like Earth than any other body in our solar system, according to the Planetary Society's website. . It has mountains and valleys, polar ice caps, and dry riverbeds. It has seasons, an atmosphere with clouds, winds and dust storms, and a solid rocky surface. Mars has a moderate climate with summertime temperatures at the Martian equator during the daytime are comparable to those of winter in Antarctica. Conversely, Mars is about half as large earth, and it receives about half ..."

Tags:space, asteroid, impact, solar, system

Abstract
The paper discusses the Red Planet which has fascinated astronomers from early days. The paper states that as we began more missions to Mars we gained a greater understanding of our solar system. President George W. Bush has announced plans to send humans to Mars. The paper discusses the various missions to the planet and the possibility of living on Mars. The paper states that if we look into the future, we will see that soon we will run out of resources, and will be forced to stray from earth in order to survive. The paper further suggests that the best way to do this would be to colonize Mars as an important aspect of our survival, and we should now start to take steps toward a new frontier of life, off into the vast extreme of space.

From the Paper
"The cost to send manned missions will be much higher than any ever before perceived, but we will soon find out that these missions will become necessary parts of the survival of our species. If we really want to get our money's worth, we must send humans to Mars instead of just robots. Robots can only do so much. For example, a robot must collect data, send it back to Earth, be analyzed by a team of scientists twenty minutes later, then receive the information regarding the path it should take for the next five feet another twenty minutes later. Thankfully, we do not need to be so meticulous in navigating the humans we send to Mars. These people can find their own way around, without the help or need of a computer, or a team of expert scientists twenty light minutes away. With a working system of spacecraft, we would be able to ferry people from planet to planet, always keeping a group of people on Mars. This way we could always be working there, not just a chunk of three months every two years. In this manner, manned missions to Mars would prove to be much more effective than the alternative of robotic missions conducting experiments for limited amounts of time. We shouldn't necessarily be concerned with the effects of ourselves on the planet, but with the effects of ourselves on our own species."

Tags:prophecy, drastic, consequences, populate, our, planet

Abstract
The paper reveals that Mars Incorporated is a multi-billion dollar global manufacturer of a wide range of consumer products. The paper explores the marketing options for the new Mars Bar Unlimited candy bar. The paper discusses the promising prospects of the new energy bar initiative and concludes that Mars Incorporated has an establish track record of recognizing what its consumers want and in providing them with quality and good tasting products.

Outline:
Introduction: Briefing
Situation Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Review of Consumer
Advertising Strategy
Creative Solution
Media Solution
Other Ideas
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In a suburb of Washington, D.C., there sits a modest, red-brick office building on a street with a number of similar buildings such as real estate agents, banks, doctors, law offices, construction companies, and other businesses typical of a residential community. The red-brick building in question, though, is a business owned and managed by two brothers now more than 70 years old, who are also assisted by their sister is this family-owned, privately held business. The nondescript building also holds some of the richest people in the United States and they got there largely by selling chocolate. According to Anderson (2004), the Mars family inherited the business from their father and grandfather."

Tags:chocolate, branding, advertising, M&M's, Snickers, Twix, Starburst

Abstract
Of all the planets in our solar system, Mars has long seemed to be the most habitable besides Earth. Many scientists believe Mars may have had oceans of water, a warmer climate, and rich vegetation billions of years ago. This paper examines the hazards that inhabitants would face if Mars was to be made habitable again and some of the solutions that scientists are working on to reduce problems of living on the Red Planet.

From the Paper
"Mars' atmosphere is so thin, there is little protection from the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, and this would pose yet another hazard to anyone who wanted to live on the planet. Anyone living on the planet would have to be protected from the constant radiation by either a space suit, or living inside a protective habitat. Clearly, colonizing Mars would be an extremely expensive endeavor, and until the first person actually steps on the planet, it is impossible to tell exactly what the conditions are like, and what threats they pose."

Tags:carbon, dioxide, nitrogen, water, tectonic, plate

Abstract
The paper looks at the Viking landing missions on Mars twenty years ago and their tests for biological processes on the Martian surface. It looks at how a recent series of orbiting Martian missions has yielded a good deal of chemical and geographic observations from afar. The most exciting possibilities have come from the analysis and interpretation of Martian surface formations seen by these missions. The paper includes a detailed description of these formations such as outflow channels, seepage gullies and several others. In further searches for definitive findings, several missions in the near future will land on Mars and hopefully provide the best data yet. This paper details some of the discoveries made to date, the strongest arguments for water on Mars and what the future holds for Martian exploration.

From the Paper
"The thought of life on Mars has intrigued humans for centuries. As Martian astronomy has made incredible leaps in the past 100 years and many spectacular discoveries have been made, we are still not sure if life does or has ever existed on Mars. Over the last thirty years, as our knowledge of biological functions has increased, scientists have focused more and more on the existence of liquid water as the biggest single indicator of possible life. To that end, much work and controversy has surrounded man's efforts to find evidence of that all important ingredient for the development of life on Mars."

Tags:atmosphere, carbon, dioxide, earth, lunar, nasa, odyssey, orbit, planet, rover, solar, space, sun, system

Abstract
The paper details the similarities between Earth and Mars explaining that Mars once had its own water cycle. The paper explains what an asteroid is and asserts that asteroids probably destroyed Mars. It speculates whether an asteroid can destroy Earth and discusses ways to prevent this from happening.

From the Paper
"A billion or so years ago, a frozen lake covered the plains that were alive. Most of the other volcanoes had stopped spewing gases, the temperature and atmospheric pressure on Mars were so low that ice from the lake surface sublimated. These formed into vapor without melting as water. The water vapor formed clouds that dropped snow onto the volcano's slopes. The volcano's magma chamber warmed the slopes enough to melt the bottom layers of the deep snow pack."

Tags:asteroid, water, meteorite, extinction