Abstract
This paper explains that, in their article 'Marital Relations among Former Prisoners of War: Contribution of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Aggression, And Sexual Satisfaction', researchers Rachel Dekel and Zahava Solomon identify the degree to which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects the marital adjustment, spousal aggression and sexual satisfaction of former prisoners of war (POWs) from the Yom Kippur War. The author points out that the study itself has many limitations and is subject to scrutiny and debate, but the researchers' findings seem to mesh with their anticipated outcomes. The paper relates that these researchers conclude that their findings support the belief that the marital problems of former POWs are related to PTSD symptoms and that increased problems with marital relations occurred for the experimental POWs with PTSD by a margin of twice that of the control group.

Table of Contents:
Purpose of Study
Examination of the Literature Review
The Study Framework and Theoretical Perspective
Research Objectives
Major Study Variables
Characteristics of the Population and Demographic Variables
Methodology
Data Collection and Analysis
Interpretation of Findings, Outcome, and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The articles used in the literature review are generally current, where five were initially published in the 1990s and the rest date from 2000 to the current day. The information presented in the literature review fails to fully and comprehensively describe the topics involved in the study. The theories are not described in detail, nor are the points of interest linked to the other topics. While the literature review is easy to understand and does provide an introduction to the topic, the overall content of the review is too concise and lacks depth."

Tags:replicate, self-reported, wives, variables, refusal

Abstract
This paper critically reviews a single research article entitled "Marital Relations among Former Prisoners of War" by Dekel and Solomon. The paper states that the article explores the relationship between post traumatic stress disorder and aggression in marriage by former POWs. The paper critiques the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion of this article and demonstrates its significance in nursing.

From the Paper
"Contribution of posttraumatic stress disorder, aggression, and sexual satisfaction," researchers Rachel Dekel and Zahava Solomon identify the degree to which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects the "marital adjustment, spousal aggression, and sexual satisfaction" of former prisoners of war (POWs). The researchers recognized that previous research had demonstrated..."

Tags:article, research, nursing

Abstract
The paper examines five of Walt Whitman's poems that deal with war, including "Beat! Beat! Drums!", "An Army Corps on the March," "Bivouac on a Mountain Side," "Come Up From the Fields, Father," and "Oh Captain! My Captain." The paper highlights how Whitman's initial optimism about war soon turned into a more tragic realism once he became aware of the inherently destructive nature of war. The paper also shows how, by reading Whitman's war time poetry, we get a deeper, more intimate sense of the impact of the Civil War on an entire nation.

From the Paper
"The full tragedy of war is expressed in the longer narrative poem "Come Up From the Fields, Father." This poem tells the story about a family who receives a letter from their son, Pete, who is fighting in the war. It soon becomes clear, however, that the letter is not from Pete at all. Whitman brilliantly draws this out by pointing out, from the perspective of one of the family members, that this does not seem to be Pete's handwriting. Eventually, the family comes to learn that Pete has been seriously injured in battle. By the end of the poem, it becomes clear that the family will never see their Pete again. Much of the emotional impact of the poem stems from Whitman's description of the Mother's tragic reaction to the news."

Tags:optimism, realism, battle, Civil, War, soldiers, tragedy

Abstract
This paper explains that over 500 detainees from countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan have been brought to the U.S. military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba by the U.S. government under the assumption that they are dangerous terrorists and a threat to the United States. The author points out that (1) they were brought to Cuba because it is not U.S. soil thus the military can deny them the rights guaranteed under the United States Constitution, such as due process, independent counsel and a speedy trial, and (2) they do not even have rights under the Geneva Convention since the U.S. has not declared them prisoners of war, instead labeling them "enemy combatants". The paper contends that the fallout from this situation at Guantanamo Bay has been that the world now sees the U.S. as a hypocrite following constitutional rights only when it is in the country's best interests.

Table of Contents
Constitutional Amendments of the United States of America
Introduction
Justice for All
Convenience of the "Enemy Combatants" Label
What's Going on at Guantanamo Bay?
The Abused as Abusers
International Quagmire
Crusade for National Security
The End is Near?

From the Paper
"There are even conflicting reports from the same agency. The Red Cross released a report in 2002 stating that there was no torture going on at Guantanamo and then later did an about-face and condemned the treatment of those same prisoners (Cole). Some prisoners who were released talked about physical and mental torture, being isolated for months at a time, being led around with a dog collar, being attacked by dogs, having to wear women's clothing and of being subjected to the desecration of the Quran in front of them (having pages ripped out and flushed down the toilet). Many of these "tortures" have been confirmed by the US government, namely the FBI (Ardiente), with a shrug and grin, as if they are a practice so common (or relatively innocuous compared to what else they might do) that they are confused as to why anyone would be upset by them."

Tags:constitution, denial, enemy-combatants, hypocrite, muslim

Abstract
The paper relates that the "Fog of War" was a successful film because the filmmaker, Errol Morris, had the ability of presenting a vision of war that is uncommon in American society - through the eyes of an individual that was part of the decision making, supported by evidence of the statements looming in the background. The paper discusses how the discussion of Robert McNamara, former Secretary of Defense for the United States under Kennedy and Johnson, is directly to the point of the film - to rid the viewer of an obscure vision of war and allow Americans to see the truth of how wars have functioned from an administrative standpoint. Moreover, the paper notes that the film speaks to how the administrators of war strategize, maneuver the troops and calculate the deaths that mount in a mechanical, though militaristic manner that is almost inhuman, yet, the driving force behind the modern war machine. The paper relates that Morris is capable of intensifying the words of his primary focus, McNamara, by allowing the subject to speak directly to the camera, as though McNamara were talking to each individual in the audience. Additionally, the paper posits that Morris supports the dialogue provided by McNamara through visual images and recorded segments that have not traditionally been utilized regarding the political decisions that have supported war.

From the Paper
"The "Fog of War" was a successful film because the filmmaker, Errol Morris, had the ability of presenting a vision of war that is uncommon in American society - through the eyes of an individual that was part of the decision making, supported by evidence of the statements looming in the background The discussion of Robert McNamara, former Secretary of Defense for the United States under Kennedy and Johnson, is directly to the point of the film - to rid the viewer of an obscure vision of war and allow Americans to see the truth of how wars have functioned from an administrative standpoint. Moreover, the film speaks to how the administrators of war..."

Tags:war, fog, film

Abstract
A paper which answers specific questions relating to the Cold War, using textual knowledge and lessons.

Tags:cold, war, politics

Abstract
This paper begins with an analysis of an on-line article that refers to the American "attack" on terrorism. The article assumes an anti-war stance and this essay examines the social movements of anti-war sentiments in relation to this particular article, as well as in relation to other anti-war movements in America. It is a sociological analysis of social collectives, and describes both American and Canadian anti-war movements, with direct reference to U.S. military and politics.

Abstract
The paper discusses the central ideas of the movie "Lord of War" and of the documentary "The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara". The paper explores the common theme of human nature during war and the need for power, especially over other countries. The paper looks at McNamara's "eleven lessons" learned during his tenure as secretary of defense. The paper relates that "Lord of War" is the acknowledgment of humanity's darker nature; men created weapons of mass destruction and used them to kill. The paper portrays how both the documentary and movie are a study of the moral complexities of war and those who fight it.

From the Paper
"McNamara discusses his experiences and shares some lessons he learned during his tenure as secretary of defense. He talks about his work as a bombing statistician during World War II, his presidency at Ford Motor Company and the Kennedy administration's triumph during the Cuban Missile Crisis. On the other hand the documentary focuses primarily on his failures in Vietnam. The main themes of the movie are his "eleven lessons" learned during his time. Some of these include: understanding the enemy, accepting that in order to do good it is necessary to engage in evil and the fight to try to change human nature will always be unsuccessfully."

Tags:enemy, weapons, destruction, power, interests

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that following the end of the Second World War there was an acute need to rethink the legal framework in which the atrocities similar to the ones that marked the tragic context of the first and second world conflagrations could be punished more severely. In this sense, there were a series of conventions and legally binding acts which tried to create a bonding obligation for the signing states to refrain from violent acts against civilians and other participants to wars. Nonetheless, the writer points out that taking into account the latest developments in the war in Iraq, there are serious doubts over the degree in which the legal system available to date is able to offer a comprehensive framework of protection.

From the Paper
"Therefore, the Geneva Conventions of 1949 represent a legal system consisting of four acts: They are: the Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field; the Convention for the amelioration of the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea; the Convention relative to the treatment of prisoners of war; the Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war.
"Despite the obvious complexity of the system set in place and of the areas under discussion, the historical context showed that the Conventions lacked a comprehensive and efficient approach of the legal matters on which they focused. In this sense, there was no clear distinction between the civil war and the liberation war. Thus, taking into account the fact that most conflicts following the Second World War were intra state wars, it was hard to determine whether the conventions would be applicable in cases such as the Korean War, the Vietnam experience, or even the Arab Israeli conflict."

Tags:military, principles, authority, Geneva, Conventions

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that slavery developed in North America during Colonial times. The writer notes that a year before the Mayflower landed in Massachusetts, English colonialists brought slaves to Virginia. The writer points out that they came because during this age of mercantilism, Europeans believed that the best way for countries to acquire wealth was to colonize and exploit the colonized country for its resources, such as gold, silver, furs, fish, timber, tobacco, sugar and rice. The writer notes that all of these resources required labor and industry, and often colonialists enslaved the indigenous people in the country they were exploiting. The writer then looks at the issue of slavery as it relates to the Civil War.

From the Paper
"As time went on, the focus of American justification shifted from the religion of the person to the color of the person. At first, slaves had a chance to become free if they converted to Christianity, gave particularly meritorious service to the master, or were able to buy themselves out. But as the religious reasons for enslaving them faded over time, race became the deciding factor for who could be a slave. Black Africans were slaves. White people owned them as chattel, and blacks were property. The slaves' whole life was about work. That was their reason for existing in the slave-owner's point of view. They did all the dirty work, the nasty jobs, and everything that was dangerous. This was particularly true in the South where the whole economy rested on free labor."

Tags:blacks, south, enslaved, racist