Abstract The paper discusses the famous mapletree species, which include the red maple, black maple, silver maple, Japanese maple and sugar maple. The paper looks at the mapletree and its two features of helicopter seeds and the syrup or sugar which is made from its sap. The paper also examines how to predict the quality of a maple season.
From the Paper "The term maple is the common name for a family, Aceraceae, of trees and shrubs in the soapberry order, Sapindales. The Aceraceae has two genera. The first is the Acer, the maples proper and the box elder, and the second is Dipteronia. Most of the maple trees are deciduous, shedding their leaves every year at the end of the budding season; only a few have enduring leaves and are called as evergreen or semi-evergreen. The leaves of the maple tree grow opposite each other, and they grow in pairs. The leaves are commonly long-stemmed and lobed and they also have toothed margins."
Tags: sap, syrup, timber, breeding, reproduction, species
Abstract This paper reviews the importance of modeling in policy analysis and the use of decision tree analysis. It looks at the tools available to help policy makers. The writer uses the example of Firestone tires on the Ford Explorer sports utility vehicles as an application of decision trees in decision analysis.
From the Paper "There is a large variety of tools available to help decision-makers. This paper focuses on one of these tools decision tree analysis. The consideration of the decision tree decision analysis tool begins with are view of the ..."
Abstract The maximum height of trees is determined by many factors. In this paper, several different experiments are addressed, as well as a discussion of results and reference to other authors. Includes equations.
From the Paper "Over time, it has been observed that trees grow to various different heights due to interspecies differences and competition for sunlight. This increase in height is paired with a similar increase in diameter. Tree allometry can be estimated by applying the Euler-Greenhill equation for elastic similarity. Tree diameter has been determined to predict maximum tree height, but often falls short of the expected value. The hypothesis of tree height not obtaining its maximum potential is tested in order to provide evidence of the need for an explanation of any safety factors that may affect tree growth."
Abstract This paper describes the painting, "The Orange Trees," by Impressionist artist Caillebotte. It analyzes elements and principles of design namely texture and use of space and color. It also interprets the painting and evaluates its impact.
From the Paper "The work chosen for evaluation in this essay is Gustave Caillebotte's oil on canvas painting titled "The Orange Trees" a work in which two central human figures are positioned in a formal garden in which trees are ..."
Tags: Gustave, Caillebotte, The Orange Trees , painting
Abstract This paper discusses the diversity gradient of trees in between southern and northern Europe. The paper looks at two perspectives. The first is the equilibrium hypothesis and the second is the disequilibrium hypothesis. This essay explores two researchers' arguments about the latitudinal diversity gradient of woody plants in Europe.
From the Paper "Questions about biodiversity levels in different regions have been puzzling scientists for many years. For example, one of the largest questions in biodiversity is why is species diversity higher in the tropics then in temperate zones (Silvertown, 1985, p. 519). Two broad categories of hypotheses have been used to explain the differences in tropical and temperate biodiversity. The first are generally known as equilibrium hypotheses. Equilibrium hypotheses argue that present climatic and biotic conditions determine latitudinal biodiversity (MacDonald, 2003, p. 422). Disequilibrium or historical hypotheses argue that past conditions are more important (MacDonald, 2003, p. 415). "
Abstract In this article, the writer explores the Canadian maple leaf as a symbol. Particularly, the paper looks at the significance of the maple leaf to nineteenth century forebears and how the national flag gradually evolved from prominently featuring the British Union Jack to not featuring it at all. Attention is also devoted to outlining how the maple leaf - unpretentious though it may be - is intended to serve as a symbol of strength and resiliency. The writer notes that ultimately, the maple leaf reveals the spirit of the nation as well as its growth as an independent entity.
From the Paper "The maple leaf has always been a potent symbol for Canadian nationalists. For example, as early 1805 - fully 62 years before Confederation - the Quebec Gazette was praising the unprepossessing maple leaf as emblematic of French Canada; the following year, the rival le Canadien pronounced it suitable for the entire fledgling territory of all British North America. Why this might be so is a question which can lead to many different answers, but one of the most compelling ones put forward is that the maple leaf tree was seen by early nineteenth-century nationalists as a sturdy thing which endured storms and the vulnerability of youth to gradually emerge strong, free, and tall and capable of withstanding tempests; for the early nationalists, the tough and resilient maple tree was emblematic of the Canadian people. In fact, the maple leaf was so well-established in the popular iconography that Canadian officials actually wore maple leaf lapels and brooches during official royal visits in the nineteenth century - such as one celebrated visitation from the Prince of Wales in 1860 which was a major social event in Canada."
Abstract This paper examines how the book, "Dead Men Do Tell Tales" by William R. Maples, informs readers of the role of Maples, a forensic anthropologist, in analyzing human skeletal remains resulting from unexplained deaths. The paper looks at how Maples attempts to determine ancestry, sex, and age; identify the nature of the traumas and their causative agent(s); establish postmortem interval; and provide positive identification of deceased persons. It also examines how in this book, Maples revisits his strangest, most interesting, and most horrific investigations, from normal, typical cases of homicide and suicide, to the baffling cases of conquistador Francisco Pizarro and Vietnam MIAs, to the mysterious deaths of President Zachary Taylor and the family of Tsar Nicholas II.
From the Paper "In addition to sex determination, age is also necessary for positive identification. Maples does not give any detailed methods on how age can be determined from the skeletal remains. He only says that age can be determined from dentition, but now how. White (2000) notes that dentition is used to determine age because the results are fairly accurate. Teeth grow in pattern according to age, so it is useful to match the decedent's teeth to the standard chart. While it does not give the exact age because individual's teeth form and erupt differently (Byers 2008:342), it can however give a very close range. For example, the decedent is approximately 17-20 years old. Dental development is the most widely used technique for aging sub-adult remains (White 2000:342). White (2000) argues that tooth development is more closely associated with chronological age and it seems to be under "tighter genetic control" (342). For instance, the two permanent incisors and the first permanent molar usually emerge between six and eight years (White 2000:342). "
Abstract In the three great ancient epics, "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey", by Homer, and "The Aeneid", by Virgil, all three heroes are compared to trees, showing two attributes that the heroes share. Firstly, the paper shows that Achilles, Odysseus, and Aeneas manifest their heroic qualities through tree imagery. Heroic attributes allow heroes to rise to the occasion and tend to display qualities that exceed average human capabilities. While each has a different concept of heroism, the tree imagery shows that the three characters are similar because they possess chivalrous attributes. The paper shows that, secondly, the tree imagery manifests the relationships that each of the characters has with a particular goddess. Like strong trees that are helped by nature, Achilles, Odysseus, and Aeneas, all have powerful attributes, but use the force of a higher power, or a goddess, for assistance.
From the Paper "The idea of relating Aeneas to an oak tree is interesting. Oak is used for building homes, and although Aeneas does not specifically build Rome, the idea of city development reminds the reader about Aeneas's heroic duty to discover Rome and also reflects on Aeneas's stay in Carthage, where he helps build the future rival city of Rome. Also like an oak tree, Aeneas is steadfast and unmoving when listening to Dido's pleas, managing to remain dedicated to his heroic duty and the gods? wishes. Every heroic action that Aeneas takes is defined by his duty to the gods (for example, leaving Carthage and finding Rome), displaying the heroic nature of duty; duty inspires Aeneas to ?do the right thing.? "
Abstract This paper describes the effects that the brown tree snake had on the wildlife of Guam. The brown tree snake, accidentally imported to Guam shortly after World War II, appeared all over the island and ended up killing several species of the native forest birds that lived in Guam. This paper is a historical description of the development of the brown tree snake as a plague. It details the origin of the Brown Tree Snake and the terrible effects it had on the island of Guam. Moreover, this paper shows the environmental effects on the development of the Island.
From the Paper "Determining the number of animal species existing on the island of Guam prior to the arrival of humans has presented a distinct difficulty. From archeological excavations on the nearby island of Rota, scientists have determined that the original human colonists' domesticated animals extirpated many species thousands of years ago (Chiszar et al1997). World War II "subjected" Guam to naval bombardment so severe that some artillery fire leveled some forests (Chiszar et al 1997). After the war, extensive seeding of the island took place with an exotic legume (Leucaena leucocephala.) It permanently replaced native trees over vast areas (Chiszar et al 1997). The fauna of Guam seemed stable until the 1960's. At this time Wildlife authorities noticed the entire absence of birds from the southern one-third of the island. The boundary of the absence of birds seemed to be moving steadily northward. Birds were missing from the southern two-thirds of the island by the end of the 1970's (Enbring & Ramsey 1983). Thirteen years later, in 1983, all 10 forest species occurred concurrently only in 160 ha of mature forest beneath the cliff line at the northern tip of Guam, with a few species still occupying parts of the northern plateau (Savidge 1987). The early 1980's reveals many factors blamed for the decline in Guam's forest birds. Disease, pesticides, habitat loss, hunting, and introduced species evolve as the major suspect reasons. Elimination of the forest's mosquitoes that possibly harbor avian malaria or avian pox brought an influx of pesticide usage. During World War II to the-mid 1970's, the military used pesticides such as DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons to kill the mosquitoes (Enbring & Ramsy 1983). Pesticides might have caused declines in the past; therefore, it cannot be ruled out as a cause for the earlier reed-warbler extinction (Reichel et al 1992). Tests conducted in 1981 indicate low pesticide levels on Guam. Pesticides probably were not responsible for the current declines of forest birds (Reichel et al 1992). The years since 1945 have witnessed an increase in weedy species, though substantial native habitat remains in southern and northern Guam. Birds have disappeared from forests that previously supported healthy bird populations (Savidge 1987)."
Tags: biogeography, birds, brown, introduced, island, snake, Guam, species, treeWorld, War, II, forest
Abstract The Ginkgo Biloba tree is the oldest tree species known to man with fossil records date back to when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Today, the extract of the dried leaves is popular for use as a dietary supplement for the brain and heart. Ginkgo extract is thought to improve blood circulation and memory and prevent blood clotting. The leaves are also used as tea to soothe a variety of ailments. This paper gives a brief historical description including the characteristics of the Ginkgo tree that will detail the Ginkgo tree and its importance in today's society.
From the Paper "The Ginkgo tree is unique in many ways. It is so different from any other living tree that it must be classified in a separate order. The Ginkgo biloba probably no longer exists in a truly wild state. It has been found growing freely over some ten square miles near Changhua Hsien in the Chekiang province of China, but it is uncertain whether these trees are the remains of an ancient forest or not. It is a sacred tree in the Far East, where it is commonly planted in the grounds of temples and palaces. In some of the grounds of the temples there are specimens that are said to be over 1,000 years old. It's preservation in China, Korea, Manchuria, and Japan is probably due to the interest taken in it by the Buddhist priests whose interest in the tree saved it from becoming extinct."
Abstract This paper explains that Thomas L. Friedman's interesting title for his book "The Lexus and the Olive Tree" was taken from two conflicting concepts: The Lexus represents globalization; whereas, the olive tree represents culture, traditions and community. The author points out that Friedman believes that this relationship must be in balance because too much globalization can pose a great threat to the integrity of the olive tree and too much protection given to the olive tree may hinder the development promised by globalization. The paper states that Friedman argues that globalization is not, and cannot be, regulated because there is no one regulating it. The author stresses that globalization was perceived by Friedman as beneficial not only to the electronic herd, which is the millions of investors moving money around the world with a click of a mouse, but also to the average blue-collar worker.
From the Paper "The problem with this, though, as explained by Stiglitz, is that, in industrialized countries, the pain of layoffs is acknowledged and somewhat ameliorated by the safety net of unemployment insurance, but in less developed countries it is a different case--the unemployed workers typically do not become a public charge because there are seldom insurance schemes there. Globalization has not worked for millions of people. Many have actually been made worse off, as they have seen their jobs destroyed and their lives become more insecure."
Abstract The paper offers a brief introduction to the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and explains the Hoshin tree model and process' key components and the steps involved within the application of the process. The paper then applies the steps of the Hoshin process to the Cleveland VHA and includes a visual representation of a Hoshin tree model.
Outline:
Veterans Health Administration
Hoshin Tree Model
Key Concepts of Hoshin Tree Model
Hoshin Process
Conclusion
From the Paper "In 2007, the VHA provided healthcare to 5.5 million eligible veterans and family members (Department Of Veteran Affairs, 2006G). The VHA's mission is to provide specialized care, primary care, and related medical and social support services to meet the needs of the America veterans (Department Of Veteran Affairs, 2007B). The VHA's goal is to restore the capability of veterans with disabilities to the greatest extent possible while improve the quality of lives of both the veterans and their families (Department Of Veteran Affairs, 2007E). The VHA's vision is to provide veterans the world-class benefits and services by adhering to the highest standards of commitment, compassion, professionalism, integrity, excellence, stewardship and accountability (Department Of Veteran Affairs, 2007B). "
Abstract The paper focuses on developing a tree planting strategy in order to retrofit a suburban neighborhood so that it has less detrimental environmental impact and greater resource efficiency. The paper details the many benefits of a tree planting program and looks at the technical challenges involved. The paper discusses the types of trees that could be planted as well as various layout options.
From the Paper "The task is to retrofit a suburban neighborhood so that it has less detrimental environmental impact, greater resource efficiency, more opportunities for healthy living, and a sense of aesthetic splendor and improved lifestyle. The neighborhood consists of approximately 200 acres with wide streets, houses set back from the street and fronted by large garages, very low residential density, significant paving of the landscape, and no other land uses within a ten minute walk. Such a neighborhood would be considered relatively isolated but might also have a detrimental effect on the local environment because of the paving that removes natural land and that reflects heat from the sun, as might the houses themselves. The low residential density is a benefit. One way of improving the region is to develop a tree planting strategy for the area so as to make the neighborhood itself more given to renewal of the atmosphere."
Abstract This paper discusses the challenges start-up hospital Peach Tree Hospital has been encountering. By evaluating the methods they?ve employed to date, as well as survey results from their employees and continued communication, this paper helps Peach Tree's administrator and human resource director to clarify exactly where the problems exist. From this information they can then begin to take steps to make the changes necessary to overcome their challenges.
From the Paper "Although the staff of Peachtree Hospital "had spent the better part of its time recruiting and training employees" (Hellriegel et al., 2002, p. 289) the administrator of the hospital felt the organizational efforts had not been as successful as they should have been. The human resource director, although acknowledging that there were still organizational issues that needed to be addressed, wrote these off to start-up conditions, as the hospital had only been open for less than one year and would be resolved in a very short period of time. To quantify the organizational problems, a survey was administered to most of the 1,200 employees of the hospital and revealed some startling results."
Abstract This paper first covers insects which effect Oak Trees: gypsy moths, oak leaf rollers and leaf tiers,and the scarlet oak sawfly, all defoliating pests, followed by bark-attacking insects (bark borers). The paper then discusses tree diseases specific to the oak, including oak wilt, root rot and fungal infections of the bark and leaves. The paper includes recommendations for treatment and a list of references.
