Abstract The ending the inclusion of mandatoryretirement provisions in employment contracts has achieved public prominence in Canada. This paper examines the issue from a law and economics perspective addressing not only the legal history of the issue but also the question of the efficiency of mandatoryretirement in terms of economic theory.
Abstract This paper examines the Ontario Human Rights Commission's article, "A Time For Action," which argues against mandatoryretirement. The paper agrees that mandatoryretirement is probably not the real answer to dealing with generational economic disparity in that it creates another set of injustices. At the same time, the paper claims that the article fails to adequately and objectively address the more complex issues surrounding mandatoryretirement, such as the economic disconnect between baby boomers and every generation thereafter.
From the Paper "After being introduced in tones that lend more to emotion, the paper develops on the fact that discrimination based on age, as opposed to an individual's ability, is what it calls "unequal treatment," which can mean a lot of things in bureaucratese ("A Time For Action." 32). In terms of this paper's premise, it means that people should not be fired for simply reaching their 65th birthday, and that is an excellent point. But what is clear from the outset is that pre-boomer generations, who are being kept out or kept down in the workforce, will rate for precious little mention in determining the right thing to do, so far as this paper is concerned."
Abstract The paper reviews the ethical advantages and disadvantages of the practice of electing justices to the Supreme Court of Virginia, or of any American state. The paper considers the argument most commonly put forward by opponents of elected judiciaries but maintains that this argument is not as strong as its supporters might wish. The paper also looks at the ethical benefits to be found in having mandatoryretirement ages imposed upon all presiding justices.
From the Paper "The distinguished career of Harry L. Carrico immediately brings to the forefront the issue of what ethical advantages may be found in having a mandatory retirement age in place for justices. Because Justice Carrico and his colleagues have all been elected to the Supreme Court of Virginia (after having been nominated by the Governor, of course) it may be said that their tenure is characterized by a democratic strain that is not to be found in other western democracies (such as Canada) where jurists are selected to appellate courts (most notably the Supreme Court of Canada) and do not have to go through the rigorous process of winning confirmation in both houses of a bicameral legislature. While the American (and Virginian) model may strike some foreigners as dangerously permissive (placing as it does great power in an elected body to determine the composition of a court when such a state of affairs can easily lead to politics being injected into the proceedings) it does have many advantages."
Abstract This paper is an in-depth analysis of the Canadian legal system with respect to a Supreme Court decision regarding retirement age. The author of this essay evaluates the court's decision and analyses the impact of this decision with reference to legal as well as social implications. The specific case being reviewed here, McKinney vs. University of Guelph is assessed and considered with regards to discrimination and legislation.
Abstract This paper examines how the aviation industry forces its pilots to retire at a certain age because of the belief that older pilots will be less able to do the job well. This paper investigates the validity of these claims. The writer asks the following questions: Are commercial airline pilots really a special case? Are these highly trained professionals really so afflicted with issues of ill health and poor performance as they enter their "golden years?" If this is so, then there must be facts and figures to support the case. If not, then we are dealing simply with a matter of a prejudice that must be combated.
Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper "The commercial aviation industry's current mandatory retirement age of sixty is based directly on FAA regulations. The FAA, like so many other government agencies, has as its primary purpose ensuring the safety and well-being of the general public. Its regulations are supposed to be based on clear, scientific evidence. If the FAA says it is not allowed, then one can assume that there is sufficient data to support the position that such and such an action would be dangerous. Yet in the case of the mandatory retirement requirement, the situation is not so simple. In fact it may even be said, that the current regulation, which was promulgated in 1959, was the result not of careful scientific inquiry, but of corporate pressure."
Abstract This paper explores different strategies for developing a financial and retirement plan. The paper takes into account the realities of today's economy, worker career mobility and phased retirement. Tradeoffs between working longer before retirement, aggressive investing and the role real estate play in an investment portfolio will be highlighted.
Contents:
Financial Planning ? Working Toward the Future
Retirement Planning
401(k)
Traditional IRAs
Simplified Employee Pension
Savings Incentive Match Plan
Portfolios Need Real Estate
From the Paper "There are 76 million Americans who were born between the years 1946 and 1964, they are the so-called baby-boom generation. Fifty-five million Americans are age 55 and older, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Within that number, there are 35 million who are 65 and older, and by 2030 that amount will double to 70 million. Surprisingly the fastest-growing segment of senior citizens is of those who are 85 years old or older."
Abstract A discussion about government policies over retirement protection. The author examines the issues such as retirement funding, schemes, individual savings, investment and social welfare. The author focuses on retirement plan developments in Hong Kong.
From the Paper "In Hong Kong, discussions about government policies over retirement protection have spanned a lengthy period of about 30 years. It was only until recently that the decision has been made to institute the Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF). However, in other countries, various schemes of retirement protection have been practiced over the past decades, with all kinds of experience that Hong Kong could beneficially refer to. Since retirement funds could be either fall into two categories 1. Pays-as-you-go/ 2. Fully-funded. They could either be managed by the government or the private sector. Yet, this is crucial to understand the pros and cons of these different kinds of schemes, and determine which is the most appropriate for Hong Kong. Furthermore, retirement protection is closely related to the issues of individual savings, investment, and social welfare. It affects the economic well being of all members of society, and also the performance of the economy as a whole. In this research paper, several comprehensive views and findings would be addressed, and some discussions on the impacts of MPF after the Asian Financial Crisis would also be stated for conclusion. "
Abstract A discussion of the recent problem of mandatory overtime, the legislation and its effects on the worker. The essay is a two-article complementary critique on eliminating the unsafe working practice of mandatory overtime.
From the Paper "Nurses are becoming tired and overworked! As an Emergency Room RN , I can sympathize with the emerging nursing shortage. Mandatory overtime is becoming commonplace, and it is unsafe. In Mandatory Overtime-when enough is enough, M. O?Leary looks at why the nursing profession is not treated like other jobs that deal with the responsibility of human lives. ?When pilots fly, they do not have to work unsafe overtime because lives are in their hands. Semi- truck drivers also do not have to work unsafe overtime because lives are in their hands.? (O?Leary, 2000) Now, the mandatory overtime discussed is not the type when a nurse needs to stay later and catch up on charting. We all know it gets busy. This overtime is the type that employers require one to stay for a set number of hours after their regular hours have already been worked. ?As a result we must take additional actions in order to protect nurses from being forced into unsafe staffing environments by the growing risk of unsafe overtime.? (O?Leary, 2000)"
Abstract The paper discusses related arguments that oppose forced retirement. The paper examines how, due to a changed economy and society, many more people want to work past the age of 65. The paper analyzes various myths of retirement, such as assuming that the retiree has sufficient material wealth with which to retire. The paper further analyzes matters of identity, self-concept, meaning, and achievement when removed from the workplace.
Abstract The paper examines how the rapidly aging baby boomer population will impact consumption and government spending on retirement benefits in the US, most notably social security and Medicare. The paper recommends policies that are most likely to maximize the gross domestic product (GDP). The paper also suggests the promotion of consumerism, higher taxes and less benefits for the wealthy, who do not need the Social Security/Medicare safety net, and raising the retirement age by just one year.
Outline:
Introduction
The GDP-Related Challenges of Baby Boomers and Retirement Possible Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper "Changing demographics are straining Social Security resources. At the end of World War II, there were 44 workers paying Social Security taxes for every retiree collecting from the program (The first baby boomer collects Social Security, 2007). Now, the ratio is just three workers for every one reitiree and retirees will soon outnumber workers. According to the Council of Economic Advisors chartered with providing objective economic analysis and advice on the development and implementation domestic and international economic policies, Social Security will begin to incur annual operating losses in 2018, when its outlays first exceed its tax revenues (CEA memo on Social Security). To cover the shortfall and to "stay open," Social Security will use up its Trust Fund (or draw down its bank account) from 2018 to 2042."
Tags: social, security, Medicare, consumerism, taxes, retirement, age
Abstract This paper studies the beverage company Coca-Cola in relation to ethical concerns over inequities in retirement compensation between different employee classes. The paper concentrates on the issue of excessive retirement benefits for top executives without regard to performance.
Abstract This article discusses that statistics show that retired people fall into two different brackets regarding the internet. The writer notes that they either use the Internet for many different purposes and quite often or they have never used the Internet before. The writer maintains that the Internet is impacting the lives of retired people in many different ways including the use of email and chat rooms, online buying, and distance learning. However, the writer points out that there are problems with the designs of many web pages.
Abstract This paper describes the political battle in the Maryland state legislature over mandatory overtime for nurses. The paper examines the issues involved in the debate pitting insurance companies and HMOS against nurses association, patients? rights and consumer groups. One side of the argument is concerned with the financial profit of private organizations and the other side voices issues of public health and voter anger over declining health-care standards.
From the Paper "Nearly anyone who has ever been in the workforce has been faced at one time or another with the issue of mandatory overtime ? that is, being asked to work more than eight hours in a day or forty hours in a week. This situation is sometimes perfectly acceptable to the employee. For example, an accountant might reasonably be expected to be called upon to work more than 40 hours in the weeks leading up to April 15. Assuming that she is being paid for the hours worked, she is more than likely to agree that such a "request" on the part of her employer is a reasonable one."
Abstract This paper analyzes the issue of mandatory helmet laws for motorcyclists as a health policy issue. The paper begins with an overview of the issue, followed by an analysis of the issue in several contexts. The paper focuses on the importance of this health safety issue for professional nursing and offers strategy recommendations for the nurses.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses recent developments that have taken place regarding retirement homes and villages. Relevant issues involved in the transition to a new existence that challenges a person's self-identity are examined in the paper. The writer looks at the difficulties brought about by such a transition in the retiree's life.
From the Paper "Retirees who leave their hectic work lives often confront difficulties with replacing their work weeks with new meaningful activities. For them, their experience of retirement involves a major transition to a new existence that challenges their sense of identity thus undermining their overall well-being during this period. Apart from their withdrawal from a major social sphere of their lives, retirees are often distressed by the loss of control over their lives and their growing dependence on others. The erosion of their ability to care for ... "
