Abstract
This paper critically examines the United States' P.A.T.R.I.O.T. Act in light of domestic terrorist attacks such as the anthrax scare and 9/11. The author contends that this legislation was passed in an environment of fear. It is further argued that such an Act would not have been passed if the nation were not in a state of panic.

From the Paper
"Bioterrorism, though, was not enough to convince Americans that the Patriot Act was a necessity. Only after what soon became known as "nine-eleven" occurred would a panic stricken America be able to accept such intrusion of privacy for safety. Over 5,400 people were lost in this single tragedy. This was the single worst day-death toll that has been experienced for America since the Battle of Antietam during the Civil War. In comparison to Pearl Harbor in 1941, this attack had over twice as many deaths, and the majority of them were civilians (World). Because of this devastating attack, America as a whole felt crushed. The World Trade Centers were one of the United State's most prominent symbols of power, economic wealth, and unity with many of the world's nations. Only after this were Americans blind enough with rage, grief, and most of all fear to accept such a great invasion of privacy for safety against terrorism."

Tags:terrorism, 9/11, anthrax, bioterrorism

Abstract
This paper explains that the critical paradigm recognizes that reality is the product of history and analyzes it accordingly through social, political, cultural, economic, ethnic and gender values developed over time. The author states that, when applying the critical-emancipatory approach to T. R. Berger's "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland", the observer understands that the whole issue surrounding the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry involves a strong reaction to historical reality issues especially the importance of the First Nation people and the environmental supporters in deciding against the pipeline project. The paper relates that the constructivist-interpretive paradigm assumes that to understand the world and its meaning, one must interpret it. The author underscores that the constructivist-interpretive paradigm can be applied to Berger's work in that his assessment of the Mackenzie Valley pipeline is heavily subjective and based upon interpretation of multiple realities.

Table of Contents
The Strengths and Weakness of the Critical Paradigm
Application of the Critical-Emancipatory Approach to "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland"
The Strength and Weakness of the Constructivist-Interpretive Paradigm
Application of the Critical Constructivist- Interpretive Paradigm to "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland"

From the Paper
"It is easy to analyze the Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland document in terms of the critical-emancipatory approach. Indeed, the whole issue surrounding the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry involves a strong reaction of social, political, cultural, economic and ethnic issues derived from processes over history. The writer, Berger, has assessed the contentious issue of the pipeline development firstly in terms of economic issues: that is, that it will be good for the Canadian economy, particularly the northern Canadians who will be brought now into the "mainstream of the Canadian economy" (Berger, 1988, p. 3). Ultimately, however, Berger has acknowledged the role of ethnicity in appraising the pipeline project and assessing its worth. His final position assumes the First Nation Canadians are correct; environmentally-speaking, the project should not go on). The role of acknowledging the importance of the First Nation people and the environment in deciding against the pipeline project display evidence of cultural, social, political and ethnic values in evaluating the situation.

Tags:interpretation, inuit, bias, reality, government

Abstract
This paper discusses a case study reviewing the work of Thomas Malthus. Several research questions are responded to and the views of 3 contemporary authors are examined in reference to Malthusian theory. Finally, a newspaper article from 1999, just prior to the pivotal new millennium, discussing population, the environment and sustainable resources with reference to Malthusian theory, is examined in detail.

From the Paper
"Malthus' work, Essay on the Principle of Population, is often cited, first by Darwin himself, to have influenced Darwin's conception of the theory of natural selection. His work, though unpopular, and often proven to be off the mark, did in fact bring to the forefront many socio-economic issues that are still being debated today: population control, food production and concerns over uncontrollable diseases arising from the effects of over-population. In this passage it is stated that Malthus was proven wrong: "...Malthus' dire predictions have proven to be wrong..." (Efficiency and Equity 211). "

Tags:malthus, population, sustainable

Abstract
The article, "Does D.A.R.E work? An Evaluation in Rural Tennessee", discusses efforts to prevent the continued use of alcohol and drugs in adolescents. The paper discusses the theoretical content and findings of the study.

From the Paper
""Does D.A.R.E work? An Evaluation in Rural Tennessee" by Zagumny and Thompson. The purpose of this article was implied in the opening statement, referencing the current evaluation of the effectiveness of the D.A.R.E. program in a rural Tennessee school system. The authors provided an introduction to support the study, noting efforts to prevent the continued use of alcohol and drugs in adolescents. The D.A.R.E. program was presented along with previous related findings regarding outcomes. Mixed..."

Tags:alcohol, drugs, school system, D.A.R.E., adolescents

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses sex differences on the WISC-R and maintains that the results appear to indicate that there are no difference in intelligence and cognitive abilities between the sexes early in life, even though there is a probability the relationships between these factors change over time. The writer discusses that in part, this change in relationships may occur due to male-related bias in general knowledge or it may have to do with socialization and societal expectations.

Tags:wais wisc, r intelligence

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the Canadian case of R v N in terms of police interrogation. The writer concludes that overzealous use of police interrogation should be controlled.

From the Paper
"According to James W. Williams, in recent years the Canadian criminal justice system has been plagued with a number of high profile wrongful convictions. Particular attention has been directed towards the police and their ability to meet their responsibility to investigate crime effectively while protecting the interests, the rights and freedoms of the accused. As Williams has stated, one notable aspect of police operations that has come under increasing scrutiny in this regard is the police interrogation, a practice ... "

Tags:R v N, Canadian law, police, interrogation.

Abstract
This paper examines the efficacy of Toys 'R Us marketing strategies from the perspective of the 4Ps: product, place, price and promotion.

From the Paper
"The Toys 'R Us marketing mix is a composite of product, place, price and promotion, also referred to as the four P's. Each of these elements is an important factor in a company's marketing strategy..."

Tags:Toys, R, Us, marketing, mix, 4, P's, product, place, price, promotion, FTC

Abstract
This paper offers an executive summary and other elements of a study of the business of T-Mobile, a leading provider of cell phones and cell phone service. The writer notes how the cellular telephone is a commodity that has gained wide acceptance and that has penetrated nearly 50 percent of the market and that market conditions for the cell phones provided by T-Mobile are very good.

From the Paper
"What are the elements of Dell's strategy? How well do the pieces fit together? In 1984, Michael Dell started a company that sells computers directly to the consumer bypassing distribution channels and associated costs. The Dell Computer Corporation's head office is located in Round Rock, Texas. Customers deal directly with the Dell Corporation, rather than retail stores (i.e. Best Buy). Dell Inc., formerly known as the Dell Computer Corporation designs, develops, manufactures, markets and services a range of computer systems. The company manufactures personal computers and also markets software, peripherals and service & support programs."

Tags:t, mobile, executive, summary

Abstract
This paper covers the major pathways by which foreign antigens are identified and dealt with through the adaptive immune response which is paramount on B-cell and T-cell responses and interaction with one another in distinct pathways and steps. It includes several diagrams and their explanations of antigens, B-Cells, T-Cells, APC's and more and their interactions and processes they go through.

From the Paper
"All immune responses involving T-cell B-cell collaborations follow distinct pathways of interactions and development. These very pathways of the adaptive immune response are almost entirely dependant on the cellular interaction of B- cells and T- cells with one another. It is within each stage of these pathways and the progression of an adaptive immune response that we will concern ourselves. The following is a condensed synopsis of the adaptive immune response and the cellular interactions that will be the emphasis of this paper. Within secondary lymph tissues foreign antigen is presented to naive B-cells via their surface immunoglobulins (Igs) receptors. The same antigen is also presented to naive T-cells at this time. This presentation and subsequent recognition of antigen by both types of cells results in and end product of proliferation and development of naive B-cells into plasma cells whose function is the production of soluble immunoglobulins (antibodies), and the differentiation and development of memory B-cells whose function is to respond to subsequent exposure to the same antigen. However, this pathway is not self-sufficient and requires the direct interaction of activated T-cells, specifically "helper" T-cells (Th2 cells) 1,9. It is these T-cells in conjunction with the antigen presenting B-cells that interact to produce a hormonal response to infection. These interactions activate Th2 cells that in turn promote B-cell activation both through T-cell secreted cytokines, (interlukeinI1-2, 4 and 5), and also through direct cell to cell contacts involving specific surface proteins and corresponding receptors and the signaling initiated by the binding of these proteins to one another."

Tags:B-Cell, T-Cell, immune, system, responses, pathways, antibody, pathogens, vertebrate

Abstract
This paper presents a Strategic Fit Analysis of AT & T. It identifies AT&T's vision, analyzes the value net, develops a competitive positioning analysis and describes the grand strategies being used. The paper includes charts.

From the Paper
"Few American companies have lasted as long as AT& in the market and fewer have gone through the significant changes that have characterized AT T's performance over the last years..."

Tags:AT&T, MCI, Verizon, strategic analysis