Abstract The following paper provides factual evidence, as well as pertinent examples of why malesexual abuse is overlooked. The paper tells you why certain surveys, questionnaires and doctors are at fault for the neglected rate of sexual abuse on males.
From the Paper "I would like to start out by saying that a lot of this underreported information is due to the fact that researchers have and still do contact studies by using methods that are not effective. One of the first issues has to do with population from which a sample, or selected group of population actually researched is drawn (Finkelhor 235). Different prevalence rates, which are the actually numbers of males that were sexually abused, are found depending on the population from which a sample is taken. Different sample have been taken from middle school students, high school students, college students, clinical populations, and those receiving psychological treatment. Obviously when you ask a boy in middle school or even college they are going to almost indefinitely deny any kind of experience."
Abstract This paper looks at how the literary French artiste' Colette, in a duet of short stories, "Gigi" and "The Cat", is able to explain some of the sexual nuances that make the sexes behave as they do; perhaps bringing some insight into our own present day relationships.
From the paper:
"Light vs. Darkness, Muslim vs. Christian, North vs. South, Football vs. Oprah, conflicts such as these rage on in our 21st century society. Of all conflicts the one furthest from resolution and the most highly contested seems to be the age-old battle of malesexuality vs. female sexuality. What do the opposing "dramatis personae" desire? How do they propose to attain it? Are the variances between the sexes really as vast as we"ve been led to believe" Through exquisite prose and imagery, the literary French artiste? Colette, in a duet of short stories Gigi and The Cat, is able to explain some of the sexual nuances that make the sexes behave as they do; perhaps bringing some insight into our own present day relationships ."
Abstract This paper looks at what women want and at what men want when it comes to a sexual partner. It discusses how they go about obtaining the partners they find desirable and looks at the biological defense mechanisms in place to ensure that the right outcome is achieved. The paper first looks at how physical appearance and certain body types make both males and females more desirable to members of the opposite sex. It then examines why women are relatively less promiscuous than men and why the female orgasm is not linked to the exchange of genetic material in the same way that the male orgasm is.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Sexual Reproduction and Survival of the Fittest
Physical Appearance: What Men and Women Appear to Want - and How Physical Attractiveness Might Determine Personal Mating Selections and Behavior
The Behavioral Patterns of Men and Women vis-a-vis Sexuality (Relative Levels of Promiscuity)
The Function of Orgasm in Female/MaleSexual Behavior
Conclusion
From the Paper "The female orgasm becomes important in all of this because an ovulating woman who is sexually aroused is in a position to have an orgasm that will facilitate the impregnation process. To wit, female orgasms shortly before or shortly after male ejaculation are associated with higher sperm retention whereas the absence of female orgasm greatly increases the likelihood that no impregnation will occur; in short, the female uterus appears more receptive to the male sperm than it would be otherwise (Baker & Bellis, 887-890). In the end, it may be put forward that the female orgasm is actually a defense mechanism for women that reduces the risk of pregnancy at the hands of men they may find tolerable but not altogether desirable; conversely, the male orgasm, to the extent it is always accompanied by ejaculation (and thus climax), can be viewed as a means by which pleasure and the male biological imperative are intertwined. As a result, physical gratification is a spur driving men towards the pursuit of sexual reproduction - and men, as noted, greatly increase their reproductive chances if they have sex with large numbers of women."
Abstract This paper summarizes an article based on male voices and the perception of sexual orientation, specifically male homosexuality and the voice characteristics that people attribute to them. The paper discusses a group of people who listen to a number of recorded voices that range from "gay-sounding" to "straight-sounding" and then cross analyze the results by studying the pitch of each voice recorded how it influenced the listeners' response.
From the Paper "Male Voices and Perceived Sexual Orientation Male Voices and Perceived Sexual Orientation Introduction The background of the research is based on a study that was conducted by three Canadian University Professors who studied the perceptions of male voices in terms of which sound gay and which sound straight. The authors described how they discussed this research topic openly with their students. Their students agreed, "gay men speech mirrors the patterns of stereotypical high-pitched women's voices" (Smyth, Jacobs, & Rogers, 2003, p. 331). The authors developed a gay-sounding and straight-sounding scale based on listener ratings to record and measure the perception of sexual orientation based on a person's voice (Smyth, Jacobs, & Rogers, 2003, p. 329)."
Abstract Analysis of the phenomenon of sexual harassment demonstrates that, while it is an undeniably serious problem, with laws prohibiting it being rightly intolerant, the fact remains that both an imprecise definition and the tendency of some women to use it as a weapon or leverage against male supervisors or co-workers have distorted the purpose of sexual harassment laws, negatively impacting the atmosphere of the workplace and relationships between males and females within.
From the Paper "Defined by the EEOC as "unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favours, and verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that occur" within the context of the workplace and have bearing upon employment or job status (Montoya, 1998: 71). Sexual harassment incidents, as measured in terms of complaints submitted to the EEOC, are dramatically rising. In 1990, a daily average of 17 complaints is recorded. By 1998, that number rose to 43 (Montoya, 1998: 70). Considering that extremely stringent, zero-toleration laws are operative against sexual harassment throughout the United States, such dramatic increase is rather questionable. It is all the more questionable upon consideration that the consequences of such accusations, ranging from termination of employment to financial settlements reaching millions of dollars, should have, at least in theory, functioned as a deterrent against the practice. Or, at the very least, it should have inhibited the increase of sexual harassment incidents in the workplace. The fact that these consequences do not seem to have deterred unwanted advances, signals the operation of one, or a combination, of the following factors: (a) an ignorance of those acts which constitute sexual harassment, (b) an imprecise definition of sexual harassment, with flexible and expansive boundaries; (c) the use of the sexual harassment charge as a weapon deployed by female workers against male supervisors and co-workers, for a variety of reasons. Analysis of the phenomenon will demonstrate that while sexual harassment is an undeniably serious problem, with laws prohibiting it being rightly intolerant, the fact remains that both imprecise definition and the tendency of some women to use it as a weapon/leverage against male supervisors/co-workers, has distorted the purpose of sexual; harassment laws, negatively impacting the atmosphere of the workplace and relationships between males and females within. Systematic analysis of the stated phenomenon and the failure of relevant laws to function as a deterrent compel examination of possible causes. The first of this would appear to be popular miscomprehension of what sexual harassment is, and what types of acts it comprises. The logic here is that the number of complaints is dramatically increasing consequent to ignorance of the law. As a possible explanation, this is highly unsatisfactory as the greater majority of companies, if not all, have published guidelines on sexual harassment, further spending exorbitant sums on employee training programs, designed to communicate acceptable patterns of male-female interactions in the workplace, ensuring that all company employees know the implications of the phenomenon (Long and Leonard, 1999). That, compounded with the fact that HR departments do thoroughly explicate the do's and don'ts of male-female interaction within the workplace, force us to dismiss ignorance of the law or of the meaning of sexual harassment as an explanation for the dramatic increase in complaints and lawsuits. In pursuing explanations, that of the very nature of sexual harassment as a source of the stated increase appears highly valid. As argued by Gouijon, Morestin and Previeu in "Sexual Harassment: A Social Phenomenon," American legislators, civil rights activists, feminists and labour unions have determinedly launched an intensive "anti-sexual harassment crusade," which has left the definition of sexual harassment open-ended (2001). That definition, covering everything from forcing a female co-worker into physical intimacy by explicitly naming termination as the price of refusal, to making a joke with sexual connotations, has left the door wide-open for some females to claim harassment if they have been addressed or looked at in a manner which, through the exercise of imagination, may be interpreted as sexual. In such instances, not only is the perceived victim entitled to file a formal complaint, but may launch a lawsuit against the organization, costing it millions of dollars in legal fees, public image damage, corrective publicity and, possibly, settlement (Gouijon, Morestin and Previeu, 2001). Thus, as stated in two separate researches (Gouijon, Morestin and Previeu, 2001; Long and Leonard, 1999), American law needs to more precisely define sexual harassment, effectively blocking unwarranted and unjustified charges. A more concrete and focused legal definition of sexual harassment, limiting it to supervisor/employer - employee contexts, further stipulating that employment was implicitly or explicitly threatened, should be instituted. Such "restrictive definitions" are currently operative in European countries such as France which, while exhibiting zero-tolerance towards sexual harassment, have curtailed its unjustified and unsubstantiated use, thereby reducing negative impact upon the organization and workplace atmosphere (Gouijon, Morestin and Previeu, 2001). Should the United States follow suit, it could possibly experience a reduction in sexual harassment complaints and lawsuits. The fact that the United States must review its legal definition of sexual harassment is supported by the fact that many women have confessed to using such a charge as a power tool against male co-workers/supervisors, or as a weapon for revenge against the same (McDonald, 2003). In "Manager's Journal: Whose Harassing Whom?" Marianne M. Jennings testifies to this fact, adding that the very nature of sexual harassment lawsuits, in conjunction with its open-ended definition, have effectively enabled women to use the threat of the accusation as a method of harassing male supervisors and co-workers (1998). This makes for a tense, hostile and non-productive workplace atmosphere, demanding that strictures be placed on sexual harassment lawsuits and charges (Jennings, 1998). In other words, the ease by which such a charge could be made, not only accounts for the increase in the number of complaints filed with the EEOC between 1990 to 1998 (Montoya, 1998: 70) but has had a perceptible negative effect on inter-gender workplace relations with concomitant harmful effects on organizational efficiency. While the above argument is in no way intended to undermine the seriousness of actual sexual harassment, it aims to illustrate that there need be a mechanism for limiting complaints to actual sexual harassment, effectively disabling its use as a weapon or a power-tool. Such limitation necessitates the reconsideration of the legal definition of the practice, further stipulating the conditions under which complaints can be made (harm or threat of harm to job security and/or career opportunities)."
Abstract This paper presents an examination of a theory that the gender of the perpetrator has a different impact on male and female police officers' perceptions of child sexual abuse. According to the paper, a recent study provided evidence and validity to this theory that police officers, both male and female, view the seriousness of child sexual abuse differently depending on the gender of the perpetrator.
Outline:
Introduction
The Study
Conclusion
From the Paper "The study set out to examine the attitude differences in female and male police officers when it came to investigating child sexual abuse. The study wanted to explore whether men and women officers felt differently about the seriousness of the crime depending on the gender of the person accused of doing it."
"Researchers chose 361 police officers in Australia to be participants in the study. The study used a self reporting questionnaire for the purpose of ascertaining the attitudes of those officers when it came to investigating male and female suspects in child sexual abuse cases(Tyson, 2004). "
Abstract This paper explains that, before the decision was made in the Oncale vs. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. case, there was no clear way to deal with same-sex harassment. The author points out that, in this case, a hostile environment was defined as a derivative of physical and verbal harassment suffered by the plaintiff and perpetrated by coworkers. The paper states that studies on same-gender sexual harassment suggest male-malesexual harassment has a more severe impact upon psychological and job-related outcomes than other forms of sexual harassment.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Definition of Sexual Harassment
Same-Sex Sexual Harassment
Studies Conducted Concerning Same-Sex Harassment
Conclusion
From the Paper "The quid pro quo type of sexual harassment involves sexual advances that are unwelcome, physical or verbal conduct of a sexual nature, or requests for sexual favors. These actions are seen as quid pro quo harassment when (1) submission to these actions are made either explicitly or implicitly a condition of a person's employment, or (2) submission to or denial of these actions by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting the individual. Hostile environment sexual harassment involves ?unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute "hostile environment" sexual harassment when such conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual's work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.? "
Abstract This paper discusses how the environment that American males find themselves in at college, where they are surrounded with sexually-explicit stimuli, have an effect on the general attitude of college males toward females. It particularly analyzes the literature regarding the effect of the exposure to pornography on the way that young males begin to objectify females.
Table of Contents:
Cultural and Sociological Bases
Biological Bases
Conclusion
From the Paper "Research has shown that during the college years, both men and women can buy into the rape myth acceptance (Allen et al., 1995) and that on the college campus, desensitization can occur for both genders due to repeated exposure (Goleman, 1985). Thus, individuals who are frequently exposed to frequent cultural and sociological pressures and sexually violent material are likely to learn and abide by such negative behaviors and also to accept the violent treatment women receive as justified. Furthermore, individuals who view sexually violent media might be more willing to accept rape myths (Emmers-Sommer 11). All of these elements are present on the college campus and must be found to have some effect on the attitude of men's objectification of women while there."
The paper assesses an article by Charles Michael Smith 'The Politics of Penis Size (Book Review)' in "The Gay and Lesbian Review" relating to the stereotype that African-American males are "well-hung".
Abstract This paper explain that, in Charles Michael Smith's article 'The Politics of Penis Size (Book Review)', which is a review of Scott Poulson-Bryant's book "Hung: A Meditation on the Measure of Black Men in America", the idea of the black sexual Olympian is ridiculed but Smith fails to avoid making some sweeping generalizations that the available literature cannot substantiate. The author points out, from the literature review to assess this article and book, that the myth about African-American men being "huge" and thus more "man" than Asian or Caucasian men is really a projection of deep-seated fears of inadequacy. The paper argues that, if these fears are addressed, then anxiety about the sexual prowess of black men, on the part of those who are non-black will be replaced by a more holistic view of African-American males that restores to them a measure of their full humanity.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Summary of Account
Background Research (or what the scholarly literature has to say about penis size and about black men)
Assessment of the Popular Account
Implications and Future Directions
From the Paper "According to Charles Michael Smith (2006) the penis is one manifestation of masculine power. Smith goes on to state that penis power is male power and that the tallest buildings, the imposing skyscrapers that dot the landscape of the modern western world, are really the ultimate phallic symbols. In short, the penis equates with all that is seen as masculine, virile, powerful, and potent. Smith, in his review of Scott Poulson-Bryant's, "Hung: A Meditation on the Measure of Black Men in America", writes that white slave-holders often justified the brutal treatment of African-American men by seizing upon the desire of the latter to assault and seize for themselves the womanhood of white females."
Abstract This paper critically analyzes "Eating a Banana," "The Human Toilet II," and "Pauline Bunny" by Sarah Lucas. The writer compares the beliefs contained in these writings to those of Laura Mulvey in her theory of the male gaze. The writer discusses that Mulvey posited that men perceive women as sexually objectified objects to be oppressed and controlled. In response to hegemonic discourse on the sexual objectification of women, the writer challenges gender stereotypes and sexism in the works.
From the Paper "This paper analyzes the work of Sarah Lucas specifically "Eating a Banana", "The Human Toilet II" and "Pauline Bunny" and analyzes it in relation to Laura Mulvey's theory of the male gaze. Mulvey postulates that men objectify women by their gaze that render them to be mere objects affording men pleasure and control. Lucas subverts this sexist and oppressive paradigm by presenting images ... "
Tags: Sarah Lucas, photography, mixed media, feminism, sexism, female representations, male gaze, Laura Mulvey
This paper discusses various issue of selected sexuality which are affected by cultural values, including gender identification, contraception and government policies.
Abstract This paper explains that, although for generations women have been preforming birth control and effective ways of abortion; the practice of abortion has given rise to various social, moral, political and legal issues because abortion is the fulcrum of a much broader ideological struggle in which the very meanings of the family, the state, motherhood and young women's sexuality are contested. The author points out that, though it seems quaint, many individuals today have adopted the idea of celibacy or virginity, the natural method for achieving youth and longevity. The paper relates that rape still is prevalent because of the overcompensating benefits of male reproductive in human evolution history, which has not been eliminated by natural biological selection: women are suffering the consequence of all these atrocities.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Paid Maternity Leave and Other Job Protections for Working Parents
Use of Contraceptives
Abortion
Sex Education in Public Schools
Transvestites
Sexual Behaviors Prohibited by your Religion
Virginity or Celibacy
Homosexuality
Prostitution
Date Rape or Marital Rape
From the Paper "It has been noticed that transvestites who openly reveal their longings and desire, usually have their partner to either completely reject them or to accept them completely. But more often than not, the relationship usually ends. Transvestites feel that cross-dressing does not really affect anyone in any manner. But this is not true as the thought itself is very narcissistic and the entire idea of transvestism is a self-centered behavior. A transvestite at times gets to involved in cross-dressing that the social aspects of the relationship does not really matter to them. They seem to spend a lot of time, energy and money to boost their later ego. Initially, the partner of transvestite will usually find himself derelict that ultimately leads to antipathy and problems in the relationship. It is also common fact that some transvestites actually like to indulge in sex while they are cross-dressed."
Abstract This paper discusses the cultural message of the dominance of American males in power. The paper contends that there is an imbalance of power between men and women, which is most clearly demonstrated in military and political institutions, such as the Supreme Court and the office of the Presidency. The paper focuses on sexual transgressions and harassment of women, as illustrated in Tailhook and Citadel incidents and by various American presidents.
From the Paper "Even though women have made significant strides in decreasing gender and sexual inequality in this country, they have not succeeded in dismantling the systemic and institutional structures that treats male oppression of women as a given. A prime example of the..."
Tags: sex crimes, sexual harassment, cultural messages, presidents, Tailhook, Citadel
Abstract The paper takes a look at how the relationship between male and female has been a defining constant for mankind and humanity ever since its birth. According to the paper, famous couples have concentrated the entire sex war, the immense complexity of the conflict between sexes, on the way a man and a woman could generate the immense energy that could give birth both to creation and creating processes, cultural, artistic or intellectual, and potential negative, destructive forces, evil and malefic influences.
Outline:
Sexuality Politics
Artistic Practices and Values
The Legend
From the Paper "As previously mentioned, Frida and Diego's impossibility comes, in my opinion, from their sexual mismatch (despite this does not necessarily advocate a personality mismatch) rather than from a political stance. The political stance here contributes even stronger to sustaining the couple and promoting it on the level of intellectual nearness. Indeed, they are both supporter of Communism and here we are already talking about the mature period of Communist in its fight against the Imperialists (certainly, these are the same imperialists that would have paid Rivera for painting Rockefeller Centre) and the meeting between the couple and Trotsky is defining for the late phase of their relationship."
Abstract The paper defines the term "sexual harassment" and states that sexual harassment is based on the position of the intended victim and the perpetrator. The paper states that the issue has become important in sports with a large number of males and females raising this issue. The paper further states that the parties involved include the organization that conducts the sport, the law enforcement agency, the child protection board and other legal agencies as well as the families. The paper also discusses issues in identifying what is sexual harassment, and the liabilities of various parties involved in the affair.
Outline:
Introduction
Primary Law: The First or Primary Law Pertaining to the Topic
Subsequent Cases and Amendments to the Law
Contemporary Importance: Argue why this law is important today and its impact on sports
Future Recommendations and Conclusion
From the Paper "Professor Kari Fasting has conducted a research on sexual harassment of athletes and is of the opinion that in the last decade, many women and girls have experienced harassment and one illustration in Norway found the incidence to be as high as 29%. Sexual exploitation is the biggest problem in sports currently and while the public raise a hue and cry over the drug test results and match fixing there is absolute silence on this issue. There are two groups of harassment features, one involving sexist attitudes and cultural and racial inequalities and the other simple sexual advancements. The first group discriminates against a sex, especially women who are not considered yet as sports people. The other type will include coaches who are prone to flirt, seduce the wards, or use their authority to bend the will of the sports person and harass them over their status."
Examining the struggle for control over one's own sexuality, as experienced by the women in the novels by Sylvia Plath ("The Bell Jar") and Alice Munro ("Lives of Girls and Women").
Abstract This paper explores the struggle of Del and Esther to understand and assert their sexualities in a society that pressures them to repress their desires and submit to men's desires. It shows how both characters succeed in becoming actively sexual people, even though they are pressured to stay virginal until they are married, to subdue and ignore their sexual desires, and to be submissive to malesexuality.
From the Paper "For a young woman, coming of age and exploring her own sexuality is confusing enough without being bombarded by sexual stereotypes and gender-specific expectations. Del and Esther, the respective protagonists of Munro's Lives of Girls and Women and Plath's The Bell Jar, are two such women, who are faced with the pressure of conforming to a certain "feminine" expectation of sexual behavior (or lack thereof). As much as Del an Esther fumble their way through their first sexual experiences, they manage to take control of their sex lives by overcoming the burden they feel to resemble the image of society's sexually passive woman."
Tags: control, marriage, men, sex, society, virgin, women
