Abstract A presentation and examination of a Charlie Chaplin Film 'Modern Time' and Robert Lynd's book called "Middletown" which describe the struggle against the dehumanization of the proletarian man by machine and the Industrial age. The author finds that the industrial age, while profitable from a financial standpoint for those who were in charge, dehumanized the proletarian man as well. The machine knocked him out of the running and sent him home to explain to his family that he was no longer able to provide.
From the Paper "The Industrial Age was one that moved mankind ahead in leaps and bounds. Within the few years of its explosion and growth the ability to use technology to speed up tasks and to get them done with precision allowed the world to concentrate on other expansions and needs. The Industrial Age was a boon to those who rode the top of the age to success, however, for many millions around the nation and the world the age actually set them back. The Industrial Age, while profitable form a financial standpoint for those who were in charge, it dehumanized the proletarian man as well. The machine knocked him out of the running and sent him home to explain to his family that he was no longer able to provide. There are two classic examples of what the Industrial Age did regarding the proletarian man. The movie by the late Charlie Chaplin called Modern Time (1956) and the book called Middletown by Robert Lynd both illustrate the ways the machine replaced the man. "
Abstract This paper examines how advances in micro miniaturization conceived in the electronics industry, have been applied to shrinking the size of components necessary to implement pressure transducers and how the application of this technology to other domains outside of the electronics industry has also become known as ?surface machining?. It considers how micro machining technology can be used to fabricate chemical instruments and even miniature chemical laboratories as well as many other uses such as solid-state pressure sensors and their application in those areas associated with in vivo blood-gas biosensors.
Outline
Background
State of the Art
Advantages to the Technology
Drawbacks to the Technology
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "Similarly, the idea of putting a conventional, general-purpose chemistry laboratory on a single silicon microelectronic device appears somewhat fictional. Regardless, the miniaturization of chemical and physical processes and their subsequent integration onto such a piece of silicon for specific scientific and/or clinical applications is today a definite reality (Freemantle, 1999, p. 27). The development of micro scale devices that are capable of processing and analyzing very small amounts of samples and reagents is gaining the serious interest of an increasingly large number of chemists, and could, potentially, revolutionize chemical analysis and synthesis methodologies in much the same way that microelectronic technology has turned upside down, the electronic and computer industry."
Abstract This short paper analyzes David Brock's recent novel, "The Republican Noise Machine". The paper discusses the influences which the Right has gained over the media in the United States, which allows them to give misinformation or biased news media to the mainstream American society.
From the Paper "Success for the Republican Noise Machine David Brock, a once conservative media journalist, changed his political views in 1998 to become a liberal. Now dedicated to exposing the media practices he once practiced, he has written two books concerning this topic, Blinded by the Right and The Republican Noise Machine, as well as an organization founded to research and correct current media misinformation called Media Matters for America. His The Republican Noise Machine details clearly the methods conservatives raised their opinions and political views through the media, via bias, false accusations, partisan news angles, and other misinformation. The origins of the Republican Noise Machine begin with the American conception of journalism and the media, that the media is factual and accurate, and that those reporting news do not allow their personal political agendas to seep out through their reporting."
Abstract Discusses Classical Turing Machines. Their relationship to quantum computing and Quantum Turing Machines. Defines a Turing Machine, what it does and compares present day computing to the Turing Machine. Quantum computational approaches. Quantum mechanics. Major results associated with quantum computing. The Turing Machine as a theoretical model. Its use in science. Recursive functions.
From the Paper "Abstract
An overview is presented that investigates Classical Turing Machines and their relationship to quantum computing and Quantum Turing Machines. The examination begins by exploring the original work of Alonzo Church and Alan Turing, defining what is a Turing Machine, and discussing the differences between recursion and interation and how this relates to the overall debate on comparing present day digital computing to the Turing Machine.
Because the Turing Machine is a theoretical contrivance, it still has limitations placed upon it that can be generally overcome by considering quantum computational approaches. In order to understand quantum computing, one must first become familiar with the basics of quantum mechanics as they relate to this approach."
Abstract The business world will always strive to make processes more and more efficient. With efficiency comes greater productivity and profit. This desire to increase efficiency has translated to the process of the transcription of speech. The stenograph machine, sometimes referred to as a stenotype machine or machine shorthand, is one result of this pursuit of efficiency. This paper presents an overview of the history of the stenograph machine and stenography. In the light of technological advancements, the paper discusses the future of the stenograph machine.
From the Paper "A stenograph machine is a specialized keyboard that is used by stenographers as a method of writing shorthand. The average trained stenographer can type at speeds of approximately 225 words per minute, at a very high rate of accuracy. Truly skilled stenographers can even reach speeds of 300 words per minute, while maintaining accuracy ("Stenotype", 2004). The tools of the stenographer have progressed over the centuries. Originally, reporting included using the use of quill and parchment writing verbatim what was said. As mentioned, in an effort to increase productivity, as this process was tedious and inefficient, shorthand was developed. And, as technology progressed and the Industrial Era hit full stride, it was only a matter of time before machine shorthand became a possibility."
Abstract This paper discusses how the benefits from removing vending machines from New Jersey's schools has forced students to eat more nutritious snacks and drink less pop. It looks at how the removal of vending machines has brought many benefits to students compared to schools that still have vending machines.
Outline:
The Reasons for Removing Vending Machines from Public Schools
What Are the Benefits from Removing Vending Machines
From the Paper "In the past, many schools throughout the nation had several vending machines and pop machines. "Although the majority of schools offered some nutritious foods and beverages in these settings, the majority of schools also offered less nutritious choices" (Kann et al 2005, 370). Students are able to purchase canny, pop, and salty snacks such as potato chips. New Jersey is one of the states that required these vending machines to be removed from the schools. In the past, according to Martha Kubik, Leslie Lytle and Jayne Fulkerson, almost 75% of schools had a school lunch program (2004, 121). The problem is that though there are many options, many of the students eat from beverage and vending machines that adds to the weight and health problems of students. "
Abstract In "The Social History of the Machine Gun", John Ellis shows the awesome impact that machine guns have had on civilisation and society. The creators and initial users, of the machine gun believed that their creation would end all wars, since it instituted a form of mutually assured destruction. They also believed it would bring about a certain amount of order to society, since unruly people would be put under control by elites that had exclusionary access to machine guns. But this reality did not materialise. Greater weapons were ultimately made, and these also failed to end war, just as they came up short in bringing about social control.
Abstract This paper examines "The Age of Spiritual Machines", which presents a history of computers, looking at how past trends in computing have led to today's personal machines. It looks at how author Ray Kurzweil then goes beyond history to look towards the future and goes beyond familiar ground, making specific predictions regarding how ?spiritual machines? will blur the line between thinking humans and technological machines.
From the Paper "However, Kurzweil then moves on to make predictions of his own, and the fact that Kurzweil is specific with his predictions is one of the strengths of this interesting book. The author writes, for example, that by providing more intense and pleasurable sensations, virtual sex will soon be better than conventional sex. Digital prostitutes will service humans in a virtual environment, eliminating the risk of disease. Humans will soon have the ability to download their brains and minds into robots. This means that humans would be akin to software, and traditional ideas regarding life expectancy are no longer applicable. By 2100, Kurweil predicts that we will have machines that pray and worship, spiritual machines whose interactions will be virtually indistinguishable from those of humans."
Abstract This paper describes the background and history of the German Enigma cipher machine from World War II. It discusses some of the machine's operation principles and its aims. It then discusses how the Polish, French and British were able to break the codes the machine created and eventually use the machine's short-comings against it.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Background and History
Deciphering the Enigma
Conclusion
From the Paper "Because they were unaware of the extent of the British code breaking system, German officials made another fatal error in judgment that could have resulted in a much different outcome at the end of World War II. This is the use of the D reflector, of which the key was changed every ten days. This could have created a problem for code breakers, as the time factor would have made deciphered keys useless. Fortunately for the Allies, and unfortunately for the Germans, the D reflector proved too cumbersome to implement for all messages. Instead the B reflector was used by default, making the code breaker's task much easier."
Abstract A study of Crytography, the science of mesage encryption. It discusses the history of cryptography and its development during World War II. It discusses the Enigma machine and carefully details its instructions for use. It also discusses cracking the Enigma and includes examples of this in history. This paper analyzes the Enigma and concludes that all codes will eventually be cracked by dedicated and bright Cryptanalysts no matter how complex the algorithm. Also, security is more than just having a brilliant machine. It was not the Enigma that failed in World War II, it was human error.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background and Early Cipher Technology
The Enigma Machine Receiving Instructions
Cracking the Enigma
Conclusion
From the Paper "Cryptography can thought of as the science of message encryption. The battle between Cryptographers (code makers) and Cryptanalysts (code breakers) has been waged since 3000 BC as each tries to outwit the other. Cryptography is essential in performing secure transactions, governing countries and commanding armies. The threat of messages being decrypted has been the motivation for cryptographers to develop new, more complex algorithms in hopes of temporarily staying one step ahead of the Cryptanalysts. Likewise, the motivation for breaking codes can be the difference between winning a war and losing it. As a result, the coder breakers and their computers rose to prominence during their battle in World War II versus the Enigma cipher machine."
Abstract This paper addresses the categorization of man as a machine as described in the book, "Man a Machine" and compares it to the modern day view. A discussion of the industrial revolution and the development of machinery and technology is included.
From the Paper ""There are as many different minds, different characters, and different customs, as there are different temperaments" (La Mettrie et al. 90). This alone is enough to show that La Mettrie does not believe man is entirely a machine, even though he calls him one throughout this book. Man is more complicated than a machine, because he can reason, and he can make decisions, which a simple machine cannot do.
In the early Industrial revolution, during the 19th century, machines took over many jobs from men, including milling, weaving, spinning, and many other manufacturing jobs. Man saw these machines as marvels that created more products quickly and more effectively. They put many people out of work, but they also created new, low-paying jobs in factories. These machines literally changed the way people lived. While society had been mostly agricultural before the Industrial Revolution, now more people moved to the cities, where jobs were plentiful. Society changed, and had continued to change as man makes improved machine."
Abstract This paper explains that, as gear-manufacturing technology became more complex, it was more difficult to perform gear measurements with the degree of accuracy required; thus, precision in the field of gear-manufacturing began to suffer partly as a result of this declining precision. The author points out that the demands of total quality management systems, such as Six Sigma and ISO 9000, continue to raise the level of expectation to a defect-free manufacturing, which is being addressed by adding new multi-sensor units to coordinate measurement machines. The paper relates that coordinate measuring machines are not yet able to completely replace CNC generative gear testers, but demands from the automotive industry, new technologies and globalization are creating an environment where these machines will continue to improve in efficiency, precision and cost effectiveness.
Pictures.
Table of Contents
CMM Introduction
CMM History
The CMM Culture
Management Strategies
Advantages and Disadvantages
Conclusion
From the Paper "To understand how we got to where we are today, an understanding of CNC Generative Gear Testing Machines may help to clarify the improvements on Coordinate Measurement Machines. CNC generative gear testers are nothing more than computer controlled and fully automated machines that can used to carry out various analytic tests on manufactured gears. The true difference between coordinate measuring machines and the CNC Generative Gear Testing Machines is that the latter are specifically for testing gears. Of course, many in the industry feel that CNC generative gear testers are the most accurate way of measuring axis gears. Coordinate measuring machine offer different options. For instance, coordinate measuring machines have the ability to plot and record many more axis positions. Once recorded, these axis positions serve as the necessary data points to create either two or three dimensional models of a gear or part."
Abstract This paper explains that both H.G. Wells' classic 1895 novel "The Time Machine" and the 1960 film version, directed by George Pal, focuses on what could happen if the war between the classes was allowed to develop and intensify with the consequences being the growth of human cruelty and the development of the human race into something inhuman, unsympathetic and overwhelmingly powerful. The author points out that George Pal's adaptation of "The Time Machine" centers on a plot line that is easily recognizable in the novel; the unnamed "Time Traveller" in the novel (portrayed in the film by Rod Taylor, presumably as H.G. Wells himself) is a Victorian scientist who constructs a contraption with the capability of sending him into the far distant future, specifically to the year 802,701 A.D.. The paper suggests that the film version of "The Time Machine", despite its visual effects and superb acting, cannot be an improvement on the original novel, due to Wells' extraordinary ability to take the reader into the unknown without the advantage of pure visual imagery as provided by the cinema.
From the Paper "As a character, Weena represents the opposite of the horrible Morlocks, yet she also symbolizes the world of the future as a young girl without any knowledge of the past or any inclination to know what lies ahead in the future. In the novel and in the film, this device tells the reader and the viewer that the world of the far distant future will be made up of white and black, presumably good and evil, yet is also symbolizes the disparity between the social classes which was very evident in Great Britain when "The Time Machine" was first published in 1895."
Abstract In this article the writer discusses the American machine tool manufacturing industry from a microeconomic perspective. The writer explains the machine tool and looks at what it does and how it operates. The writer also mentions the future of the machine tool manufacturing industry in the United States.
From the Paper "This paper develops a microeconomic analysis of the machine tool manufacturing industry in the United States. A machine tool is power-operated device used in the processes of finishing or shaping metal parts especially parts of other machines. The machine tool manufacturing industry is comprised of enterprises whose principal business is the manufacture of cutting tools machinists' precision measuring tools and attachments and accessories for machine tools and for other metal working machinery. The industry classification in ... "
Abstract This paper first examines the costs associated with getting an MRI machine, including the price of the technology, equipment, and labor. The paper then discusses the advantages and opportunities of the MRI machine and its various uses. Finally, the paper explains how to achieve optimum efficiency with the machine.
Table of Contents:
Healthcare Line Item Considerations
Cost Effectiveness Assessment
Environmental Cost Considerations
Opportunity
Staff Diversity Orientation as the Key to Operational Efficiency
The Benefits of Maintenance of a High Level Direct Service Package
From the Paper "Research reminds that MRI scans can be used as extremely accurate methods of disease detection in the body. In the head the MRI can quickly detected bleeding or swelling caused by trauma. Aneurysm, stroke and clots all can be averted from reaching the brain if caught in an MRI scan. MRI's can also evaluate the integrity of the spine after trauma. It can identify issues in vertebrae or intervertebral disc in the spine. It can also evaluate the structure to the heart and the aorta, where it can detect aneurysms or tears. Accurate information about gland and organs in the abdomen, and the structure of the joints, in soft tissue and in bones of the body can all be revealed in MRI's (Shields, 2008). This often prevents surgery, or makes surgery that much more direct pointed, accurate and efficient. Thus the MRI is an invaluable procedure form of intervention and prevention of many forms of disease."
Tags: mri machine, medical equipment, radiologist hmo, health care
