Abstract
This paper examines how advances in micro miniaturization conceived in the electronics industry, have been applied to shrinking the size of components necessary to implement pressure transducers and how the application of this technology to other domains outside of the electronics industry has also become known as "surface machining." It considers how micro machining technology can be used to fabricate chemical instruments and even miniature chemical laboratories as well as many other uses such as solid-state pressure sensors and their application in those areas associated with in vivo blood-gas biosensors.

Outline
Background
State of the Art
Advantages to the Technology
Drawbacks to the Technology
Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"Similarly, the idea of putting a conventional, general-purpose chemistry laboratory on a single silicon microelectronic device appears somewhat fictional. Regardless, the miniaturization of chemical and physical processes and their subsequent integration onto such a piece of silicon for specific scientific and/or clinical applications is today a definite reality (Freemantle, 1999, p. 27). The development of micro scale devices that are capable of processing and analyzing very small amounts of samples and reagents is gaining the serious interest of an increasingly large number of chemists, and could, potentially, revolutionize chemical analysis and synthesis methodologies in much the same way that microelectronic technology has turned upside down, the electronic and computer industry."

Tags:pressure, transducers, surface, machining, silicon, microelectronic, device

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that more and more states are requiring vending machines to be removed from public schools or for the vending machines to have healthy snacks and drinks. The writer discusses why New Jersey is considering removing vending machines from public schools and why other states have removed vending machines from their schools. The writer maintains that these are important questions to consider because removing vending machines from public schools affect children's health. It is important to look at why public schools are removing these vending machines from the public schools and how this will make a difference for students.

From the Paper
"While many parents and students want to know why vending machines have been taken out of the New Jersey's schools, statistics show this has been an important move toward reducing the health risks of students. For instance, consider this statistic from L. Kann, J. Grunbaum, M.L. McKenna, H. Wechsler, and D. A. Galuska, "The percentage of overweight youths aged 12-19 years in the United States more than tripled from 5% during 1976-1980 to 16% during 1999-2000". New Jersey has not been alone in this movement toward removing vending machines as more and more states are requiring vending machines to be removed from public schools or ..."

Tags:vending, machines, schools

Abstract
This paper is an informative speech explaining how a dialysis machine works to filter the blood of a patient suffering from kidney failure. The paper explains the various processes of the dialysis machine.

From the Paper
"As exquisitely made as the human kidney is, there is a machine that can take its place. This technical marvel-the dialysis machine-can filter harmful waste products and excess water from a person's blood just as a kidney would. Understanding how a dialysis machine works is a key to understanding the value of the kidneys. As one who has researched the process of a dialysis machine and who understands it, I can explain it in a simplified manner that anyone can comprehend..."

Tags:dialysis, dialysis machine, kidney, kidney failure, dialysate, filter, blood

Abstract
A presentation and examination of a Charlie Chaplin Film 'Modern Time' and Robert Lynd's book called "Middletown" which describe the struggle against the dehumanization of the proletarian man by machine and the Industrial age. The author finds that the industrial age, while profitable from a financial standpoint for those who were in charge, dehumanized the proletarian man as well. The machine knocked him out of the running and sent him home to explain to his family that he was no longer able to provide.

From the Paper
"The Industrial Age was one that moved mankind ahead in leaps and bounds. Within the few years of its explosion and growth the ability to use technology to speed up tasks and to get them done with precision allowed the world to concentrate on other expansions and needs. The Industrial Age was a boon to those who rode the top of the age to success, however, for many millions around the nation and the world the age actually set them back. The Industrial Age, while profitable form a financial standpoint for those who were in charge, it dehumanized the proletarian man as well. The machine knocked him out of the running and sent him home to explain to his family that he was no longer able to provide. There are two classic examples of what the Industrial Age did regarding the proletarian man. The movie by the late Charlie Chaplin called Modern Time (1956) and the book called Middletown by Robert Lynd both illustrate the ways the machine replaced the man. "

Tags:Charlie, Chaplin, Middletown, proletarian, man, machine, industrial, age, dehumanization

Abstract
The paper relates that H.G. Wells in "The Time Machine" (1895) first used the idea of time travel adopted by science fiction writers long after. However, the paper asserts that this novella seems more important for its criticisms of Utopian thinking and ideas of socialism then popular, how Wells saw Utopianism as creating eventual degeneracy because people did need to struggle, just as socialists and others needed to repair what was wrong in the capitalist society they knew. The paper shows how Wells was a Fabian socialist to pursue improving the ills of capitalism within a democratic system.

From the Paper
"Herbert George Wells (1866-1946) remains famous for his great novella, "The Time Machine", often mentioned as an important work of science fiction for how it inspired other efforts of science fiction. People may remember this novella for its idea of time travel that Wells was the first to employ in fiction, a story appearing in serial form in New Review in 1894 and 1895, then published in book form by Heinemann in London in 1895. However, "The Time Machine" seems more important for its indication of what Wells saw in several ideas of his day, beyond matters of science fiction and the Block..."

Tags:wells, time machine, 1895

Abstract
This short paper analyzes David Brock's recent novel, "The Republican Noise Machine". The paper discusses the influences which the Right has gained over the media in the United States, which allows them to give misinformation or biased news media to the mainstream American society.

From the Paper
"Success for the Republican Noise Machine David Brock, a once conservative media journalist, changed his political views in 1998 to become a liberal. Now dedicated to exposing the media practices he once practiced, he has written two books concerning this topic, Blinded by the Right and The Republican Noise Machine, as well as an organization founded to research and correct current media misinformation called Media Matters for America. His The Republican Noise Machine details clearly the methods conservatives raised their opinions and political views through the media, via bias, false accusations, partisan news angles, and other misinformation. The origins of the Republican Noise Machine begin with the American conception of journalism and the media, that the media is factual and accurate, and that those reporting news do not allow their personal political agendas to seep out through their reporting."

Tags:republican, noise, machine

Abstract
The paper reviews Robert MacNeil's book, "The People Machine".

From the Paper
"Robert MacNeil wrote "The People Machine" in ... at a time when it was legitimate to comment regarding television, that the real impact of the medium on the American democratic process is still too sparsely documented or analyzed to justify sweeping conclusions. Forty years after the publication of this book, it is safe to say that television has a dramatic immediate and inescapable impact upon the American democratic process. It is also safe to argue that the advent of the Internet through which..."

Tags:Robret MacNeil, The People Machine

Abstract
This paper discusses how the benefits from removing vending machines from New Jersey's schools has forced students to eat more nutritious snacks and drink less pop. It looks at how the removal of vending machines has brought many benefits to students compared to schools that still have vending machines.

Outline:
The Reasons for Removing Vending Machines from Public Schools
What Are the Benefits from Removing Vending Machines

From the Paper
"In the past, many schools throughout the nation had several vending machines and pop machines. "Although the majority of schools offered some nutritious foods and beverages in these settings, the majority of schools also offered less nutritious choices" (Kann et al 2005, 370). Students are able to purchase canny, pop, and salty snacks such as potato chips. New Jersey is one of the states that required these vending machines to be removed from the schools. In the past, according to Martha Kubik, Leslie Lytle and Jayne Fulkerson, almost 75% of schools had a school lunch program (2004, 121). The problem is that though there are many options, many of the students eat from beverage and vending machines that adds to the weight and health problems of students. "

Tags:snacks, nutrition, obesity

Abstract
Discusses Classical Turing Machines. Their relationship to quantum computing and Quantum Turing Machines. Defines a Turing Machine, what it does and compares present day computing to the Turing Machine. Quantum computational approaches. Quantum mechanics. Major results associated with quantum computing. The Turing Machine as a theoretical model. Its use in science. Recursive functions.

From the Paper
"Abstract

An overview is presented that investigates Classical Turing Machines and their relationship to quantum computing and Quantum Turing Machines. The examination begins by exploring the original work of Alonzo Church and Alan Turing, defining what is a Turing Machine, and discussing the differences between recursion and interation and how this relates to the overall debate on comparing present day digital computing to the Turing Machine.

Because the Turing Machine is a theoretical contrivance, it still has limitations placed upon it that can be generally overcome by considering quantum computational approaches. In order to understand quantum computing, one must first become familiar with the basics of quantum mechanics as they relate to this approach."

Abstract
The business world will always strive to make processes more and more efficient. With efficiency comes greater productivity and profit. This desire to increase efficiency has translated to the process of the transcription of speech. The stenograph machine, sometimes referred to as a stenotype machine or machine shorthand, is one result of this pursuit of efficiency. This paper presents an overview of the history of the stenograph machine and stenography. In the light of technological advancements, the paper discusses the future of the stenograph machine.

From the Paper
"A stenograph machine is a specialized keyboard that is used by stenographers as a method of writing shorthand. The average trained stenographer can type at speeds of approximately 225 words per minute, at a very high rate of accuracy. Truly skilled stenographers can even reach speeds of 300 words per minute, while maintaining accuracy ("Stenotype", 2004). The tools of the stenographer have progressed over the centuries. Originally, reporting included using the use of quill and parchment writing verbatim what was said. As mentioned, in an effort to increase productivity, as this process was tedious and inefficient, shorthand was developed. And, as technology progressed and the Industrial Era hit full stride, it was only a matter of time before machine shorthand became a possibility."

Tags:typing, shorthand, keyboard