Abstract
The paper examines the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on the central nervous system and focuses on the body of research about the link between its interaction with serotonin receptors and the onset of hallucinations. The paper discusses how although one receptor in particular is believed to be the key, the lack of research on the subject in general precludes a definitive determination at this time.

From the Paper
"Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) causes hallucinations and detachment from reality. Since neuro psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia present very similar symptoms, these profound if episodic perceptual distortions can be viewed as symptoms of temporary damage to the Central Nervous System. Serotonin receptor activation has long been thought be directly affected by LSD, yet after 30 plus years of research, the precise mechanism by which LSD bonds with which of several serotonin receptors, remains a matter of conjecture."

Tags:serotinin, receptors, hallucinations, neurotransmitter

From the Paper
" In America, the 1960's were a period of tremendous cultural change. The images of that time period are as vivid as any in this country's history. In addition to peace marches and rock and roll, part of the time's character came from experimentation with drugs, most notably Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, otherwise known as LSD or "acid." In fact, many people credit (or blame) the drug for the peace movement. Although this may be exaggerating its influence, it did have a large influence on today's teenagers. Many of these juveniles long for the more idealistic period of the 1960's, and they look to the music of the period, and LSD, as a link. Many of the period's musical and artistic leaders used it and many even give it credit for some of their success. This drug is unique for many reasons. It is manmade, unlike marijuana or cocaine. It not only is used as a (...)"

Abstract
The drug Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and its impact on behaviour and biochemistry has been a topic of exploration in psychology, psychiatry and related fields for decades. Back in 1960, Sidney Cohen in his article "Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Side Effects and Complications" explored LSD alongside mescaline as a drug "capable of producing transient dissociation states" (p. 30). In fact, in these earlier decades of lessened political correctness and awareness, LSD was used to induce "reversible psychotic-like" states into subjects (ibid). Studies predictably found that "adverse responses" tended to occur when subjects were administered "higher dosage levels (above 47 mcg)" (ibid) though it was considered that "no instance of serious, prolonged and physical side effects were found either in the literature or in the answers to the (subject) questionnaire" (Cohen, 1960, pp. 30-31).

From the Paper
Abstract The present paper aims to explore the relationship between psychosis induced by LSD and psychosis induced by schizophrenia. I propose that traditional studies that use LSD to induce psychosis in normal patients in order to study schizophrenia for pharmacological and other psychological purposes should be abolished, as their biochemical actions are different through the impact on different receptor sites different biochemical actions. Introduction: LSD in Schizophrenic Studies The drug Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and its impact on behaviour and

Tags:schizophrenia, lsd, interaction

Abstract
The paper looks at Albert Hofmann's background and his belief that psychedelic substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have a beneficial and unique impact on human subjects that can be constructive in navigating psychological afflictions, overcoming traumatic experiences and producing intellectual epiphanies with curative potential concerning one's emotional condition. The paper focuses on these benefits of LSD and how Hofmann decried the adoption of LSD as a recreational drug by the so-called 'hippie' movement. The paper does highlight, however, how the dangers of LSD usage are real and can provoke terrible psychological consequences and even psychoses that can be somewhat incurable.

Outline:
Introduction
Albert Hofmann
The Benefits of Hofmann's Discovery
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One of the most controversial discoverers of the 20th century, Hofmann came from decidedly humble beginnings. He was born to a modest family in Baden, Switzerland. His father's work as a factory laborer and the absence of his formal education retained the family to fairly poor conditions. (Smith, 1) Nonetheless, Hofmann, who was born in 1906, would report happily on a childhood spent largely outdoors. Here, he would explore the ruins of local castles and roam the hillsides consuming the stimuli of nature. He would consistently report this to be one of his greatest pleasures and a source of the spirituality that encompassed his life but tended not to connect him to organized religion. (Smith, 1)
"The impoverished state of Hofmann's family stacked the odds against him in terms of furthering an education. However, the promise and perspicacity which had shown would incline his godfather to sponsor Hofmann at university. (Wikipedia, 1) Thus, he "went on to study chemistry at Zurich University because, he said, he wanted to explore the natural world at the level where energy and elements combine to create life. He earned his Ph.D. there in 1929, when he was just 23." (Smith, 1) The ready enthusiasm and fast success that Hofmann experienced in his studies would be a significant presence in the revelations that were to come about in the years to follow."

Tags:psychedelic, substances, epiphanies, hallucinogens, sensations

Abstract
This paper examines in detail the effects Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has on the Central Nervous System. Particular attention is paid to the body of research about the link between its interaction with serotonin receptors and the onset of hallucinations. Though one receptor in particular is believed to be the key, the lack of research on the subject in general precludes a definitive determination at this time.

Tags:serotonin, receptor

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other psychotropic substances in conjunction with forms of psychotherapy for treating psychological disorders. The paper discusses the research surrounding the use of LSD and concludes that although more studies need to be done, LSD shows much promise in many forms of therapy.

From the Paper
"Even "bad trips" can sometimes have positive effects on individuals. This effect is described in Gary Fisher's 1999 article "Successful Outcome of a Single LSD Treatment in a Chronically Dysfunctional Man." The article describes a man that had been treated by nearly every known method of psychology as of the 1960s for over fifteen years with no success. This patient "had numerous diagnoses from a host of diagnosticians ranging from chronic schizophrenia to severe narcissistic character disorder" (Fisher, 1999, p. 1). He was also a complete recluse and had not left the house in several years. Dr. Fisher was contacted to attempt an LSD therapy session. After under going an LSD session that was "a living hell" (Fisher, 1999, p. 6), the patient was observed for the night and then sent home. After perhaps just several days, consisting of no other therapies, the patient started leaving the house and got a job at a local library. After a couple of months he had moved out of his parent's home and seemed to start a normal life."

Tags:treatment, neurosis, alcoholism, schizophrenia

Abstract
This paper examines LSD, known as lysergic acid diethylamide, a hallucinogen, that produces psychotic- symptoms. It looks at how, since the 1990s, the usage of LSD had resurged as a major problem in the national and local arena in the United States, and because of the massive increase in the usage of LSD, there has been an increasing interest and awareness to understand the long-term negative effects on the consumers of the drug.

From the Paper
"The long-term effects would also include blurred vision, halo effects, shimmering, or reduplications of percepts, distortion of spatial planes, and changes in normal coloration, which would extend even after one year of the consumption of the drug. (Horowitz, 1969) LSD users would experience trailing effect implying a slow motion of several exposure effects. Even though a person who is heavily under the influence of the drug experiences such a condition, some consumers of LSD report that such a situation would prevail with them even up to one year. (Harvey, 1971) Another risk associated with LSD is contaminated LSD. The makeshift labs in which these drugs are produced often do not have quality checks and the drug would often be mixed with other chemicals or drugs, to increase the effect of LSD."

Tags:acid, trips, lysergic, acid, diethylamide

Abstract
This paper explains that acid rain as an environmental concern is not mentioned as much any more though its danger remains. The paper points out that acid rain is a global problem because wind directions are global. The paper also describes the many adverse effects of acid rain such as its impact on fish larvae. The paper then discusses the parts of the 1990 Clean Air Act, which are devoted to the prevention of acid rain. The paper includes many formulas detailing the creation and effects of acid rain.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Acid Rain
Chemistry of Acid Rain
Adverse Effects of Acid Rain
Efforts to Curb the Effects of Acid Rain

From the Paper
"This same idea can be used to explain atmospheric pollution. A few decades ago, the beautiful, Indian monument, the Taj Mahal, started developing cracks in it and the brilliant marble colors started taking on a dull hue. It was discovered that a nearby factory was releasing sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. The resulting acid rain had deposited on the surface of the marble (CaCO3) converting it into the dull gypsum (CaSO4.1/2 H2O). Calcium sulfate also has twice the molar volume of calcium carbonate. This expansion had resulted in added stress resulting in cracks."

Tags:ecosystem, global winds, carbonic acid, photosynthesis guidelines

Abstract
This paper discusses the definition and causes of acid rain, as well as its harmful effects on aquatic systems, forests, man-made structures and human health. It also discusses the global implications of acid rain as a migratory form of air pollution and how this presents problems in the regulatory arena, especially from an international standpoint--for example, when acid rain generated by factories in the southern U.S. states is blown by wind patterns across the Mexican border, or vice versa.

Table of Contents
Introduction
What is Acid Precipitation?
Definition
Common Pollutants and Reactions Involved
Sources of Acid Precipitation Pollutants
The Harmful Effects of Acid Precipitation
Effects on Aquatic Systems
Effects on Forests and Other Terrestrial Ecosystems
Effects on Man-Made Structures and Materials
Effects on Human Health
Global Implications of the Acid Precipitation Problem
Air Pollution Migration
The International Challenge
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Air pollution is a well-recognized environmental problem throughout the world. Studies have shown, time and time again, that the environmental and health-based impacts of air pollution are both detrimental and undeniable. One of the most important forms of air pollution for our society as a whole to recognize and deal with in an expedient manner is acid precipitation. Because of the very nature of this type of air pollution, the direct and indirect effects of acid precipitation are both far-reaching and difficult to get under control. Understanding more about the causes, effects, and implications of acid precipitation and its impacts on our daily lives is the first step that we all need to take in adopting a more proactive approach to solving this problem."

Tags:acid, air, atmospheric, chemical, deposition, fish, ph, pollution, problems, rain, reactions, respiratory

Abstract
This paper presents a broad overview of acid rain as an environmental problem. Specifically, the paper presents a discussion of the nature of acid rain, its causes, its effects, and the techniques and methods that can be used to correct the problem. The paper ends with a series of conclusions about acid rain that are formulated based on the material that is reviewed.

From the Paper
"Acid rain is any form of precipitation that is measurably more acidic than normal rain. In order to fully understand acid rain some basic chemistry is in order. In this regard it is important to realize that chemically an acid is a substance that gives off hydrogen ions while a base ..."

Tags:acid rain, acid deposition