Abstract Louisiana encompasses an area of 51,844 square miles and is the 31st largest state in the United States. This paper examines the topography of the state, examining areas such as geographic regions, lakes and rivers, forestland, plant and animal life and climate.
From the Paper "Various types of natural lakes exist. Cut-off or oxbow lakes (for example, False River, Bruin, Larto) form when a stream "cuts off" the neck of a meander (bend) to create a new course. Particularly along the valley of the Red, raft lakes (Caddo, Cross, Bistineau, Black, and others) were formed from waters dammed by the Great Raft, a logjam that clogged the river until it was finally removed. Lakes form along the coast when cheniers (beach ridges) act to slow the flow of rivers while also protecting the resulting lake from encroachment by the Gulf. Lakes Pontchartrain, Maurepas, and Catahoula exist in grabens, depressions in the earth bounded by faults. Other natural lakes are associated with the drainage in the vicinity of rivers, deltas, and salt domes."
Abstract This paper provides both a summary and an analysis of Thomas Fleming's book 'The Louisiana Purchase', a book detailing the history of the purchase of Louisiana by the United States. According to this paper, Fleming examines the process that led to the purchase of the Louisiana territory from its inception to the very end.
From the Paper "The Louisiana Purchase added over 830,000 square miles of land to the territory possessed by the United States, virtually doubling the country's size. The land that was added would eventually be divided into a number of the current southern, Midwestern, and western states. Such an extensive addition to a country does not happen overnight, nor can it happen without collaboration between many people. The Louisiana Purchase was no exception. Thomas Fleming's book, 'The Louisiana Purchase', looks at many, if not all, of the factors that went into this massive undertaking."
Abstract The paper presents a comparison of tax liability in the states of Georgia and Louisiana. The Primary focus is on state income taxes, state and local sales tax and property taxes. The paper discusses the impact of variables on tax liability.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to compare tax liabilities in two states - Georgia and Louisiana. The primary focus of the comparison is on a state income taxes ..."
This paper is a book report describing Thomas Fleming's "The Purchase of Louisiana", which details the diplomacy and rivalry surrounding President Thomas Jefferson's success in obtaining the Louisiana territory.
Abstract This paper states that Thomas Fleming's strong research in preparation to writing "The Louisiana Purchase" indicated that the United States wanted to gain control over access to the Mississippi River to be able to ship goods through to Spain and to provide safe harbor for American ships servicing the southern states. The author points out that Fleming argues that possibly Napoleon was willing to sell the Louisiana territory because he was more interested in diverting his attention to the unconquered areas of Egypt and India rather than the undeveloped areas of Louisiana. The paper stresses that the Louisiana Purchase was a victory with the rival French, established the U.S. as a world power and gave Americans a vast new and different land in which to acquire new lifestyles.
From the Paper "It is obvious from the book that after the "Quasi War" or the undeclared war with France, relations were at a definite strain. These battles fought only at sea and lasted from 1798 to 1800. The tensions manifested themselves with France when they began seizing American ships and goods that were trading with the British. The hostilities between the U.S. and France became a major cause of frictions and physical confrontations primarily due to the greed over land and power that permeated the world at the time."
Abstract This paper discusses the Louisiana literacy test, which was implemented in the late 1800s in Louisiana. The paper explains that the federal government had given blacks the right to vote, but the state implemented an ingenious, yet sinister, literacy test to bar them from ever entering the polls. The paper claims that literacy tests had been used in several states as a means of disenfranchising a specific class of citizens. The Louisiana literacy test was specifically designed to keep blacks from voting and had little to nothing to do with actual literacy. The paper describes and examines the questions on the Louisiana literacy test, contending that they were worded in such a misleading and often ambiguous fashion that it was nearly impossible to answer them all correctly.
From the Paper "Imagine being a Louisiana black man in the late 1800s. Freedom had come, but at a price. Suffrage had come to the South, but begrudgingly so. The federal government had given blacks the right to vote, but the state implemented an ingenious, and yet sinister, literacy test to bar them from ever entering the polls. The Louisiana Literacy Test was the white man's last effort to keep the black man from voting. Literacy tests had been used in several states as a means of disenfranchising a specific class of citizens. The first literacy tests, in the United States, were used by Connecticut and Massachusetts, in 1855 and 1857 respectively. These tests were directed at disenfranchising foreign-born citizens. 17 additional states would adopt some type of literacy qualifications before 1924 (Spencer). One of the most infamous was the Louisiana Literacy Test."
Abstract This paper examines how Louisiana's brand of poverty offers some challenges that are almost unique, especially in terms of disease caused by a combination of poverty, national greed and local corruption. It looks at how the problem is endemic and unlikely to be reversed as long as its own state government and leaders continue to misuse executive power to prevent interested parties from helping.
Outline
Louisiana's Poverty Profile
Louisiana Lifestyle Matters
Higher Education for Louisiana's Poor?
The Ultimate Solution to Poverty
Conclusion
From the Paper "Environmentalists, sociologists and economists worry about the toxic releases in the Mexican maquilladores, the industrial sites just across the Mexican border that lured U.S. companies, especially environmentally significant companies, after NAFTA. However, Louisiana has had its own 100-mile stretch of unmitigated industrial problems that are blamed for causing an exceptional incidence of cancer. In fact, "Locals call it Cancer Alley" (Koeppel 1999, 16). In a 100-mie stretch between Baton Rouge and south of New Orleans, there are seven oil refineries and between 175 and 350 heavy industrial plants, all of which produce "staggering amounts of waste, much of which they treat on-site or spew into the air, land and water."
Abstract This paper explains that, in "Duncan vs. Louisiana" (1968), the challenge by the defendant was that Louisiana had violated his right to a trial by jury. The author relates that the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the defendant claiming that Louisiana had violated the man's constitutional rights. The paper reviews the chronology of due process and the right to impartial judgment, beginning with the fundamental constitutional standards and challenges to these rights. The paper stresses that this case indicates the development of a system, which extends the right of a trial by jury to any defendant who is facing a sentence for a crime that would break the six month federal minimum mandatory sentencing rule.
From the Paper "Duncan clearly had his rights violated when he asked for a jury trial and did not receive one. Especially given that the conviction was held on conflicting and limited witness testimony that was likely highly charged and differential. In the end is it possible that battery occurred simply because the defendant touched the other individual and yet it is unlikely that intent to do harm, an aspect of battery could have been proven in a court of law without a reasonable doubt."
Tags: tumez, trial by jury, due process, testimony, minimum mandatory sentencing
Abstract This paper relates that most slaves in Louisiana were treated better than in other Southern states. The author points out that slavery began in Louisiana because of agricultural needs; Africans also labored in areas where the French did not want to work, such as the swamps of New Orleans, which the Africans cleared to create the port city. The paper relates that there was a general turning of the head when it came to black and white, male and female relationships during this time; thus, a large population of Creoles and mulattos date back to this time.
From the Paper "The Spanish slave code was called "Las Siete Partidas," and this code stayed in effect until many years after the Americans took over in 1803. Basically, the French laws had defined slaves as moveable property, while the Spanish defined them as "immovables" (Morris 74). Thus, the French looked as slaves of little importance and value, while the Spanish saw them as real and quite important property. Defining slaves as "immovables" did not mean they could not be bought, sold, or traded away from their families, however, and this began to occur much more frequently during Spanish rule. While the French might not have placed much monetary value on their slaves, they knew the importance of keeping them happy so their families would grow, prosper, and produce new slaves, and so, they encouraged a content family life, where the Spanish were more concerned with the value and ability to sell and trade their slaves."
Abstract This paper focuses on the case known as "Duncan v. Louisiana" (1968) where an African-American was convicted of simple battery in Louisiana. The paper discusses the historical overview of this case that involves several court cases, among them "District of Columbia v. Clawans" (1937) and "Singer v. United States" (1965). The paper explains that this case was a "landmark" case because it reflects a pivotal moment on the part of the U.S. Supreme Court to make states comply with the amendments of the U.S. Constitution under the Fourteenth Amendment.
From the Paper "In the Clawans case, an individual was arrested for selling second-hand property without the proper license. In the District of Columbia this offense was punishable by a fine of not more than $300 - or, alternatively, of imprisonment of not more than 90 days. It was classified as a "petty offense," according to http://supreme.justia.com. According to the U.S. Constitution, at the time it was adopted by the U.S., a trial without a jury for petty crimes was the norm. And at that time, when a person was tried by a judge (and not a jury), he was not entitled to an appeal, if the ruling was guilty. Therein lies the issue in District of Columbia v. Clawans. Ms. Clawans, in this case, was sentenced to pay a fine of $300 for her misdeeds, and when she was being arraigned she demanded a trial by jury."
Abstract This paper uses the principles of New Criticism to unearth new meanings and depth to Walt Whitman's poem "I Was in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing".
From the Paper "After studying the principles of New Criticism, we have learned that the author's meaning is irrelevant. Instead, we look for tensions and ironies that exist in the text. By using New Criticism, the reader can find unities and ambiguities that open up the text and give the reader deeper insight to the possible meanings and connections in the work. By examining the poem ?I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing,? the reader discovers how New Criticism unearths tensions, ambiguities, and meaning."
Abstract Political corruption seems to be a way of life and the politicians' main sport in Louisiana. The state has had a history of elected and appointed officials who have either flown very close to the edges of what is legal and ethical and what is not, or have been shot down in full corrupted flight when caught with their hands once too often in the public till.
Abstract This well-researched paper details the events that led to the Louisiana Purchase, often described as the greatest real estate deal in history. In 1803 the U.S. paid France $15 million for 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi, known as the Louisiana Territory. This paper examines the reasons behind President Thomas Jefferson's decision to purchase New Orleans and nearby portions of Louisiana, including the need to ship goods to and from the regions west of the Appalachian mountains. This paper explores the results of Louis and Clark's expedition, which garnered the U.S. extensive knowledge of the geographical landscape in America's mid-west region. The writer contends and describes how the expedition opened the fur trade, while at the same time paved the way for negotiations with the Native Americans. This paper analyzes the success of both historic events, which allowed the U.S. to expand its land from coast to coast, while the technological innovations of that particular era provided the means to eventually become the most powerful nation the world.
From the Paper "The United States gained extensive knowledge of the geography of the American West, for the expedition had journaled maps of major rivers and mountain ranges, and had discovered and described one hundred and seventy-eight new plants and one hundred and twenty-two species and subspecies of animals. It opened the fur trade in the West, paved the way for peaceful negotiations with the Native Americans, established a precedent for Army exploration, strengthened the United States' claim to Oregon Territory, focused the country and media attention on the West, and helped to show pioneers some of the Oregon Trail. The expedition arrived in St. Louis on September 23, 1806, and had spent close to $39,000 dollars, slightly more than the original $2,500 originally requested for the Lewis and Clark Expedition of the Louisiana Purchase."
Abstract This paper looks at every aspect of the oil industry in the Persian Gulf, using United Arab Emirates (UAE) as the specific case study to examine the affects of oil production and its transportation on the environment in the UAE.
The Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nature of Drilling in the United Arab Emirates
The Political and Social Organization of the United Arab Emirates
History of the UAE as a Nation-State
The Geography of the Persian Gulf as a Whole
Temperature, Climate, and Topography of the Land
The Ecological History of the Persian Gulf
Pollution Related to Oil Production and Transportation
Strategies for Improvement
Steps Being Taken
Steps to Take
Conclusions
From the Paper "This does not mean that accidents are not of any concern of the UAE. There is a recognition significant future potential for oil-related accidents. The danger from oil spills is a worldwide problem and the Gulf presents a uniquely challenging environmental situation. There is a high level of traffic through the waters of the UAE by oil tankers and other shipping rigs. Since the Gulf War of 1991, the waters of the UAE have suffered from a number of significant oil spills within the country's recent historical, collective memory. Most of these spills were accidental but the intentional release of Kuwaiti oil by the Iraqis at the end of the War raised serious concerns within the borders of the UAE as to the potential for spilling oil as a war-related tactic. This act gained the attention of all of the Gulf States, convincing them that they should take immediate steps to prevent damage from oil spills in the future. In this case, the political instability of the region acted as a "wake up" call to all of the Gulf nations. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150) The most recent spill occurred when an Iraqi tanker called the Zainab, a container ship smuggling Iraqi crude, sank in April of 2001. It was carrying over one million gallons of Iraqi fuel and 300 tons of fuel oil when it sank off the port of Jebel Ali, south of Dubai. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150) The spill spread oil along the Sharjah, Dubai, and Ajam coast. Beaches were fouled, and local Ajmani authorities closed the emirate's main desalination water plant as a precaution against pollution. This caused significant water shortages. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150; "Gulf Tanker Spill Under Control": MSNBC.COM)"
Abstract This paper discusses how settings influence selected stories of Eudora Welty, with reference to "The Ponder Heart", "Petrified Man", "A Worn Path" and "The Robber Bridegroom". It looks at the use of settings as Welty's mise-en-scene and also aspects of topography in the stories.
From the Paper "Settings in Eudora Welty's stories are their mise-en-scene, the place where things happen to characters and where characters behave in thus-and-so ways. But the fact that Welty's characters take their personalities mind-sets assumptions speech and all the ..."
Tags: Settings, Welty, mise en scene, Natchez Trace, Topography
Abstract This paper discusses the requirements for child support in Louisiana. The author points out how payments are processed and distributed and how payment is enforced so that children do not suffer from the negligence of non-custodial parents. This paper appreciates the complexity of child support systems in Louisiana.
From the Paper "As American society has changed, so too have traditional conceptions of the family. Today, far more so than at any other time in America's history, the one-parent family has emerged as a statistical and social fact of life--however unsavory that may be to many Americans. The following research paper, so far as possible, will review child support as it relates to Louisiana. The paper will provide a definition of what constitutes child support in Louisiana, the requirements for child support in that state, how payments are processed (although this process, because of security concerns, is not made readily available to the general public), payment calculation, and not least of all enforcement process."
