Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the influences of cultural variations on childhood development, by looking closer at the research that already exists on the topic. It holds that existing literature does not pay enough attention to the impact of culture, especially regarding the parent-child relationship, on developmental psychology. While the role of parenting has been long recognized as an important component in development, this recognition has existed mostly devoid of cultural context. The paper argues that culture does have an influence on development, and will consequently have an influence on any planned intervention strategy. The paper concludes that what is critically needed is further research into the subject to demonstrate statistically viable methods for conducting important therapies and interventions in different cultural settings that are backed by legitimate theory and research.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review and Analysis
Current Limitations of Family Therapy Theory
Importance of Cultural Context
Emerging Picture of Culture's Effects
Conclusion

From the Paper
"On a theoretical level, developmental psychologists and theorists have been plagued by the same impulses that beset researchers in most disciplines: the desire to devise a single, all-encompassing theory. What dedicated researcher doesn't dream of a single theory that can provide all of the answers for all of the questions that have been (and will be) asked? This impulse has led to the creation of many theories, such as attachment theory, that strive toward a grand theory of development. But attachment theory has been exaggerated in its usefulness to explain actual instances of childhood development. Lamb (2005) concludes that development is much too complex, owing largely to the complicating effects of culture, to be easily reduced to a single theoretical approach. Contrary to the tenets of attachment theory, empirical data has consistently shown that there is more to development than just the parent-child relationship (though, admittedly, this is an important component)."

Tags:developmental, psychology, parenting, child-rearing, care, family, therapy

Abstract
This paper explains that the strategic alignment process is an issue of training and personnel development and of creating a cultural orientation based on informal learning in which employees are motivated to maximize their use of the new IT system, which resulted from the strategy of techno-structural intervention. After reporting the literature review, the author underscores the importance of the role of HR managers in facilitating this training and coordinating communication between top management and the employees. The paper concludes that top management must maintain a culture that ensures an organizational structure flexible enough to adapt to the changes in the external environment.

From the Paper
"According to Hill & Jones 2007, in some product categories, quality is becoming the most important feature in terms of determining which brand a consumer is likely to buy. In order to meet the objective of quality, companies are implementing total quality management. In this respect the balanced scorecard methodology is implemented. According to Hitt 2007, the balanced scorecard views the organization from four perspectives: financial, customer, learning and growth, and internal business processes. According to George & Weimerskirch 1998, under this framework, maximizing cross-functional exposure on the part of the employees is the objective."

Tags:strategies, techno-structural intervention, employee resistance, cross-functionality leadership

Abstract
This paper contains and analyzes a child development study, the purpose of which is to examine the issue of cultural effects on parent-child relationships by looking closer at the research that already exists on the topic. The paper also examines of some of the existing literature illustrates that there are current limitations to the incorporation of culture into developmental psychology, a limitation that should be rectified quickly in order to paint a more complete picture of how development occurs and how the parent-child relationship is actualized.

From the Paper
"From a developmental perspective, the issue of cultural variations has been woefully misunderstood or under-examined by researchers in the field. This deficiency is changing to some degree recently, with more investigation that culture can have on the developmental process. An important component of this research that is only being touched upon by some researchers is the question of to what degree cultural influence affects parenting style and roles, which will in turn affect childhood development. An understanding of this issue is important for not ..."

Tags:early, childhood, development, role, parenting

Abstract
The paper discusses how word stress and intonation patterns are unique to every language, and even to every culture or subculture's use of a given language. The paper reveals that these patterns correlate to subtle differences in the brain's development and processing of language, even in pre-linguistic infants. The paper examines studies concerning specific intercultural linguistic differences and intracultural idiosyncrasies and explains the findings of this research. In the conclusion, the paper considers the implications of these studies and highlights the need for further studies on this area of study.

Outline:
Introduction
Background
Literature Review
Findings
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Studies concerning specific intercultural linguistic differences and intracultural idiosyncrasies are widely varied, and it can be difficult to draw broad conclusions from a synthesis of so much disparate information. There are enough common strands in many of these studies to begin to draw a tenuous link between the cultural and cognitive aspects of language acquisition and differentiation. In a study of word and syllable stress in the final words of spoken syntactical units in American English, Turk & Shattuck-Hufnagel (2007) found that final word stress is closely related to the main-stress syllable. Their most significant finding was the inconsistent differentiation medial stresses in words falling between the main stress syllable and final word/syllables which suggested that the automatic cognitive processes influencing word stress and pattern recognition is more complex than current models account for, necessitating reevaluation of language development (Turk & Shattuck-Hufnagel 2007).
"A cross-cultural study conducted by Zhang et al (2008) found similar issues at work in native Mandarin speakers and their ability to both recognize and reproduce stress patterns in spoken English. The researchers noted that the basic elements used to distinguish stressed and unstressed syllables were the same for both native Mandarin and native English speakers, but that the levels of emphasis and attention placed individually on these elements was different among the two culture (Zhang et al 2008)."

Tags:brain, cognition, infancy, intonation

Abstract
This paper presents an outline and an evaluation of the limitations of recognizing and applying the culture-concept in effectively establishing and developing overseas subsidiaries. The need for the objectives, goals, and missions of the organization to stay consistent for the company no matter where the location is discussed as well as the most significant factors for any organization's success.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Setting up international operations is not the simplest thing that organizations can undertake. In the age of globalization, having multiple markets and consumer base also help avoid demand fluctuations in any one given region. MNCs are viewed with suspicion until they prove that they are willing to work with the population. This initial stage requires that the organization present an image of the company that is stable and profitable. And this is where the internal workings of the organization can prove to be the backbone for the new market and location. The success of the organization often rests on the ability of the organization to understand the internal strengths and weakness of the culture that exist within the organization and use it to obtain the extract the best performance from the workers in the organization."

Tags:MNC, market, product, operations, customer, consumer

Abstract
This paper reviews the evolution of organizational development (OD) from its earliest years to its much wider present state, ending with its ability or lack thereof to address today's specific issues. The field of OD has had many ups and downs, including a rise in the 1960s, a downturn in the 1970s, and its recent updating into many forms. The current broader definition of OD suggests that it may be continue to play a role if it can alters enough to assume strategic roles in organizations to focus on core values to resolve problems that have been avoided or ignored over the years. This paper conducts a systematic review of relevant literature on OD and develops a theoretical framework concerning how OD can relate to changes that occur with mergers and acquisitions and culture.

Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.2 Problem Definition
1.3 Research Objective
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Methodology
1.6 Data Analysis Method
1.7 Thesis Structure
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Background of the Telecommunications Sector and Job Satisfaction with Management
2.3 Overview of Motivation/Job Satisfaction Framework
2.4 Cases
Chapter Three: Research Design and Methodology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Problem Statement
3.3 Research Objective
3.4 Methodological Framework
3.4.1 Major Research Question(s)
3.4.2. Minor Research Question(s)
3.4.3 Limitations
3.6 Data Analysis Methods
Chapter Four: Data Analyses, Findings, and Discussion
4.1 Descriptive Analysis
4.2 Discussion and Findings
Chapter Five: Conclusion, Recommendations, and Further Research
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Further Research
Bibliography

From the Paper
"There are many trends when it comes to employee motivation and compensation, because big business has determined that money is not the only thing that employees want. Instead, these employees are motivated by different things. It used to be that everyone assumed that employees wanted more money, and they could do any job forever, as long as they were given periodic raises and/or bonuses. In other words, the employer assumed that money was all that mattered to these people that worked for the company. However, employers eventually began to realize that praising employees made them smile, and having a casual day once a week for employees that worked on-site at the company made employees more relaxed. In addition, giving more freedom to employees that work in the field as part of an outside sales force also helps to keep them motivated."

Tags:downsizing, development, demise, challenges

Abstract
This paper discusses the ways in which the authors Sandra Cisneros and Jamaica Kincaid both use a first person narrative that is constructed to define a feminist point of view within a racially charged patriarchal society. Although Miss Annie and Esperanza reflect different cultural views of both Caribbean and Latino perspectives, the paper describes how both women reflect an inward and intelligent first person view of a developing feminist identity within the novels.

From the Paper
"Feminist Identity in the First Person Narrative Styles of Sandra Cisneros and Jamaica Kincaid This literary study will examine the use of the first person narrative to bring forth a feminist identity in the works of Sandra Cisneros and Jamaica Kincaid. By analyzing The House on Mango Street by Cisneros and Annie John by Kincaid, one can utilize the problems of race and the feminist search for identity within a male dominated society. In essence, the first person narrative of these novels reflect a struggle for a racially motivated feminist identity, which is reflected through the idiom of race, family and "coming of age" issues. The quest for female identity in the character Esperanza in The House on Mango Street is the main source of first person narrative that defines a woman's point of view."

Tags:kincaid, cisneros, feminism

Abstract
This paper is based on the hypothesis that an individual's work achievement can be best predicted by measuring their intelligence. The paper presents a literature review and concludes that efforts to define and understand intelligence have prompted a more integral expansion of the definition and conceptualization of intelligence. Nonetheless, the utilization of standardized intelligence tests as a dominant predictor of individual behavior does not appear to be a organization valid practice. The paper concludes that the collective intelligence of the organization and its culture may influence the development of positive behavior of the intelligent employee.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Intelligence: Definition and Scope
Intelligence and Individual Work Performance
Discussion/Conclusion

From the Paper
"Other scholars examining the issue of intelligence and its impact on predicting behavior have argued that general intelligence assessments can only provide a rudimentary understanding of how the individual will respond in the organization. According to Youndt and Snell, individual intelligence must be developed in the context of the organization in order to make it a relevant concept for measuring and predicting both individual performance and overall organizational performance. What this effectively suggests is that the specific environment in which intelligence is developed and nurtured will have a direct impact on the specific results that will be achieved."

Tags:controversy evolution tests metacognition, organizational culture

Abstract
This paper presents a literature review to evaluate how managers can increase the likelihood of individual development plans (IDP) attainment on the part of subordinates, in conjunction with looking at how to maximize the odds of high performance subordinates attaining IDP-based objectives. The paper explains that the accumulated research that is included in this review led to the development of a proposed IDP Attainment Model which seeks to create a high level of consistency and trust between managers and subordinates to ensure IDPs can be attained over time. This model is illustrated in this paper and demonstrates how how critical it is for any manager responsible for assisting their subordinates to be developmental in focus. The paper includes color graphs.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Correlating Manager's Emotional Intelligence (EI) to IDP Attainment
Transformational Leadership and its impact on IDP Attainment in Teams
Introducing the IDP Attainment Model
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Transformational leadership theory does not isolate or otherwise place on specific leadership style in a vacuum or in some type of isolation. Rather, this leadership approach focuses on the implications of transformational strategies across the full gamut of leadership styles. Continuing on, this theory consolidates all leadership behaviors into one of three types, with the first being transformational. The second, more traditional type of leadership is transactional. Transactional leadership involves rewarding workers for good performance (and conversely punishing workers for poor performance) and includes the fundamental tenants of McGregor's theories of motivation and management."

Tags:style, cross-functional teams, culture consistency trust

Abstract
This paper explains that the attachment theory demonstrates that attachment is not a race or culturally specific phenomenon because it is an instinctive, biological motivated need, which all humans have and use to adapt to their environment during the earliest stages of development. The author points out that the combination of humanistic and existential psychotherapies offers a wide range of approaches in case conceptualization, therapeutic goals, intervention strategies and research methodologies. The paper relates that play therapy is a psychoanalytic tool, which is based on the assumption that a child's internal issues can be tied to various unconscious conflicts and deficits, which reveal themselves during play sessions.

Table of Contents
Overview of the Content of the Literature Review
Purpose of the Literature Review
Scope of the Literature Review
Parameters and Limitations of the Review
Attachment Theory
Existential Humanistic Theories
Existentialism
Humanistic Psychology
Play Therapy
Existential Therapy for Alice: A Case
Conclusion
Gaps in the Literature
Considerations for Alice
Final Comments and Reflections on the Literature from the Researchers

From the Paper
"Attachment theory is one of the key theories associated to the study of developmental psychology and is considered an extension of psychoanalytic theory. It was Sigmund Freud who first understood by his observing children's attachment to their primary care givers which became the foundation for the model of a child's attachment throughout adult life. Later, John Bowlby's theories of attachment added to this original concept. Considered the major theorist on attachment theory, Bowlby (1939) began explaining and developing attachment theory based on his observations and conclusions. Bowlby took a radical departure from Freud's model of the pleasure principle and focused on the social interactive aspects of attachments with specific focus on the infants need for safety and security."

Tags:instinctive, psychoanalytic, interactive, holistic, sources