Abstract
This is a completed revision of the original literature review. The revised review is a discursive piece of writing, and sticks closely to the articles and books that relate to the thesis statement.

From the Paper
"Parenting guidelines are particularly beneficial to members of immigrant communities, as these communities face the unenviable task of maintaining old and beloved family traditions while simultaneously borrowing and adapting the methods and practices of the new culture. The Hispanic community in the United States is one such group. Traditionally, Hispanics have based their parenting techniques on the tenets of the Catholic Church and centuries-old traditions (McGoldrick, Giordano, and Pearce, 1996, p. 435). Consequently, this community, upon arrival in the United States, is..."

Tags:revision, literature, review

Abstract
The paper explains how the literature review is an important part of any study. The paper discusses how it offers a background of the issue and provides an understanding of what other researchers have found regarding that issue. The paper looks at the process followed to conduct a literature review and explores the difficulties in identifying sources. The paper relates that information collected by means of the literature review can generally be thought of as reliable and valid.

Outline:
Purpose of the Literature Review
Process Followed to Conduct a Literature Review
Identification of Sources
Evaluation of Reliability of Sources

From the Paper
"New discoveries can lead to a re-examination of literature that has already been written on the topic and having the background knowledge of what others have found regarding the same issue can help steer the researcher toward the questions that should be asked and answered and/or the hypotheses that will be dealt with. Even if the researcher chooses to look at something new, there will undoubtedly be part of the literature review that will allow the researcher to have some background of at least part of the issue in question or similar issues that must be addressed, thus furthering the understanding of the researcher and the understanding of those that look at the subject in the future (Reed, 1998)."

Tags:researcher, knowledge, information, sources

Abstract
This literature review will examine five scholarly articles focusing on the topic of the determinants of academic success in Asian and other visible minority children. The primary subjects in each studies are children of Asian ethnicity, with children of other ethnic backgrounds selected as controls or comparisons. The five articles were chosen from the existing body of literature on the basis of a brief review which noted points of similarity and contrast in each.

Tags:EDUCATION / EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, success minority children

Abstract
A literature review that is intended to answer the research question: How can parents of a child with sickle cell disease learn to cope with this illness and take an active role in managing sickle cell disease?

From the Paper
"I once encountered an African-American mother whose infant was diagnosed with sickle cell disease. She was extremely frightened as she knew nothing about this chronic disease. She blamed herself for her child's illness and felt completely overwhelmed as she felt she could not cope with what lay ahead. This literature review was intended to answer the research question: How can parents of a child with sickle cell disease learn to cope with this illness and take an active role in managing sickle cell disease? The best approach seemed to set priorities and take the issue one step at a time, while ensuring that his mother had all the information."

Tags:disease, coping, management

Abstract
This paper is a brief literature review and a three-slide presentation on the topics of public health and ethics, including the rise and influence of bioethics. Additionally, the paper discusses policy making in this area.

From the Paper
"Ethics, policy-making, and public health have long been closely aligned. One early impact that policy-making had on public health was that of reducing illness from infectious disease. This early impact continues to have influence today, in that illness from infectious disease remains a problem in today's society. However, the means by which patients affected by such diseases are treated have changed to a great extent. These changes have given rise to the field of bioethics. This relatively new field, which came to the fore in the 1970s, plays an important role in the development of public health policy and in public health ethic in this new..."

Tags:public health, bioethics, ethics

Abstract
This is a literature review of twelve articles that all deal - in very different ways - with postcolonialism. Three of these articles deal with postcolonial contexts, in three very different settings: Eritrea, the US military, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper relates that in "The soldier and the state - Post-liberation women: The case of Eritrea," Hale (2001) deals with the specific, difficult plight of women freedom fighters in Eritrea.

From the Paper
"This is a literature review of twelve articles that all deal - in very different ways - with postcolonialism. Three of these articles deal with postcolonial contexts, in three very different settings: Eritrea, the US military, and Sub-Saharan Africa. In "The soldier and the state - Post-liberation women: The case of Eritrea," Hale (2001) deals with the specific, difficult plight of women freedom fighters in Eritrea. While they may have been free while fighting for liberation, are they free now that they have liberated their country? In examining this specific question, Hale (2001) is in fact interested in the larger underlying..."

Tags:post, colonial, women

Abstract
The paper examines various studies that prove the positive, reliable and long-lasting effects of music on the stress response during and after surgery, on back pain, on hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's, on people in rehabilitation, the elderly, the mentally and terminally ill and on women in labor. The paper maintains that the overwhelming evidence prompts that music therapy be incorporated into the standard health care system as a built-in regimen. The paper presents guidelines for future research.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Results and Discussion
Future Research

From the Paper
"Music therapy is a technique or mode of complementary medicine, which uses music to alter a patient's physical, emotional, intellectual or social condition (Turner 2001). It has been tried and found to improve the well-being of older patients in nursing home; lower the stress and pain level of women in labor; and benefit students, inmates in rehabilitation center, patients in hospitals, hospice, nursing homes, as well as clients in community centers and the home. The therapeutic effects of music are recorded in history from Biblical times to the present. It has helped most anyone to restore physical, emotional, social or cognitive balance. It also helps relax, reduce stress, improve one's mood or even increase one's immune system. In order to produce these effects, music therapy is handled by skilled therapists (Turner)."

Tags:stress, pain, relief, remedy

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a review of three different pieces of academic literature that deal with the Union's role in international politics. These works are an article by Birol Yesilada, Brian Efird and Peter Noordijk entitled 'Competition among Giants', Stanley Sloan's 'NATO, the European Union and the Atlantic Community' and Stephanie Anderson's book 'Crafting EU Security Policy'. The methodological approach is outlined for each work along with the main issues it highlights. Ultimately, the writer assesses to what extent these pieces of academic literature offer new and developed insight into the question of international relations from the European perspective. The writer concludes that the wide diversity of possible solutions available with regard to European expansion and international relations are clear by the different answers and responses contained within each of the above mentioned academic works.

From the Paper
"Indeed, although the NATO alliance has undergone some particularly difficult years implementing a united policy, particularly with regard the war on terror, I still agree that this is where the most effective future for the European Union lies. Above all, the framework for cooperation on this basis has already been largely established with all the leading union members also being members of NATO. Moreover, Sloan is quite right to declare that social and cultural similarities that have developed over decades and centuries provide much support for a reinvigoration of the Atlantic alliance.
"However, is it possible that there is a third option that does not require the union forging ever closer links with outside powers, whether they are Russia or the United States?"

Tags:foreign, diplomatic, world, power, global

Abstract
This paper examines the use of zero tolerance policies as a preventative measure against school violence. It points out that studies reveal conflicting opinions about zero tolerance. It argues that the research available shows a clear need for a change in how zero tolerance policies are applied and a need for various alternatives. The paper includes tables and survey statistics to illustrate this. To conclude, the paper suggests that now is the time to make adjustments in policy, practice and research to implement policies that can keep schools safe and preserve the opportunity for all students to learn.

Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Purpose
Review of Literature
History of Zero Tolerance
Perceptions of Teachers, Administrators and Parents
Suspension and Expulsion
School Shootings
Negative Impact of Zero Tolerance
Alternatives to Zero Tolerance Policies
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A particular strategy that has caught the attention of many school districts in the last two decades or so is the zero tolerance policy. The zero tolerance policy has become a one-size-fits all solution to all the problems facing schools. Skiba (2000) offers this definition for zero tolerance...it is "a method of sending a message that certain behaviors will not be tolerated, by punishing all offenses severely, no matter how minor". The said purpose of the zero tolerance policy is to create a safe and secure learning environment for all students, something that is in fact a right of all students and parents to expect from any educational institution. However, in practice, it has been used to direct students who misbehave intentionally, targets serious risk students who cause disturbances in schools, and applied to students who have an emotional problem or other disability (Noguera 2003)."

Tags:violence, education, system, safety, policy, prevention, punishment

Abstract
This paper explains that much of the current existing literature on global warming is based on the same preliminary studies, focuses on the same or similar elements and in general demonstrates considerable shortcomings in forming a comprehensive understanding of the overall problem of climate change.

From the Paper
"Global warming is a hot topic. Literature, publications, and opinion pieces on global warming appear almost daily in news sources and academic journals. The Internet is also replete with sources on the topic of global warming. Because global warming affects the Arctic at a far faster and more intense rate than it affects other parts of the globe, global warming in the arctic deserves far more media attention than it has received thus far. Nevertheless, many articles in trade publications can help researchers initiate a study of global warming in the arctic. Perhaps because the arctic is relatively uninhabited, the effects of global warming do not seem as severe there as they might in more populous regions of the globe. However, studies show that the Arctic exhibits the early warming signs of global warming before they reach the rest of the inhabited world. Based on a literature review conducted on the Internet, global warming in the Arctic deserves more attention and research."

Tags:arctic, globe, climate