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Chaucer's "The Pardoner's Tale", 2007.
An analysis of the significance of the body in "The Pardoner's Prologue" and Tale" by Geoffrey Chaucer.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, in "The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale", Chaucer's Pardoner is a paradox and how he systematically condemns every mentionable sin whilst simultaneously committing each and every one. In particular, the paper looks at how the Pardoner and his body are very much interconnected and how the peculiarities of his character are both grounded and reflected in the peculiarities of his body. At the same time, however, he expresses loathing towards the body. He is almost sadistic in his constant allusions to severed body parts and other violence to and with the body.
From the Paper
"Parts of the body are referred to directly throughout the Prologue and Tale. For example, in the Pardoner's imitation of a blasphemer, '"By Goddes precious herte," and "By his nailes," / And "By the blood of Crist"' (ll. 365-6), it is parts of the body, not God as a whole, that are being sworn by. To the Pardoner, blasphemy seems to reside not simply in casual, disrespectful references to God as we know it today, but in reducing God down to a physical body. It is not difficult, therefore, to find examples of the connection between the body and sin. It is the body that makes blasphemy sinful. A similar effect takes place in part of the Pardoner's condemnation of gluttony: 'Allas, the shorte throte, the tendre mouth' (l. 231). The detailed way in which eating is described as a series of bodily sensations at different points in the Tale makes the sin of gluttony both appealing and repulsive (see Spearing, 2006, p. 86)."
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Parliamentary Control over Administrative Law, 2008.
An analysis of administrative law in India and the control that the parliament of India has over administrative rule-making.
4,583 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes parliamentary control over administrative rule-making in India. It describes the various classifications of administrative action and then briefly defines the meaning of administrative rule-making. Next, the paper provides some insight into the concept of why administrative rule-making is necessary in the administration of the country. The paper then looks at the kinds of parliamentary control imposed over the administrative rule-making so as to keep a perfect balance between its power of delegation and its ultimate authority. Finally, the paper compares the situation in India and the United States.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter 1- Administrative Rule-Making: Meaning and Concept
Chapter 2 - Parliamentary control over Administrative Rule-Making
Chapter 3- A Comparative Study of the Parliamentary Control over Administrative Rule-Making: India and USA
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The position of our country regarding the same has already been discussed in the previous chapter. In this chapter, the same shall be discussed regarding USA. The position in the United States is significantly different. For the U.S. Congress operates under a written constitution and the courts have the authority to interpret the Constitution and thereby declaring a congressional ruling unconstitutional if it conflicts with their views of the Constitution. Also the doctrine of 'delegaus non potest delegare' holds in United States, which means that a delegate cannot further delegate its powers. Thus, the Congress being a delegate of the people cannot further entrust its powers to any other agency."
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Legal / Ethical Issues in Nursing, 2008.
An examination of the origins of female genital mutilation and the reasons why mankind has an obligation to ensure that adolescent females are protected from undergoing this barbaric procedure.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses female genital mutilation, or 'circumcision' and states that it is a deeply-rooted cultural and religious practice found in African countries,parts of the Middle East and Asia. The paper states that the custom, although seemingly barbaric to many westernized countries, is seen as a rite of passage into womanhood, as making a young woman marriageable, as a means to curb sexual desire among adolescents before marriage, and as a protection for virginity. The paper then gives insights into the medical complications it causes, the ethical considerations nurses face regarding the procedure and argues that nurses have a legal and ethical obligation to ensuring that these young girls and adolescent females are protected from undergoing a procedure that will change their lives forever.
From the Paper
"As Muslim women living in a third world country, 90% of northern Sudanese women are subjected to FGM as a cultural and religious rite of passage (Almroth et al., 2005, p.385). Girls may be circumcised at any time from infancy through adolescence, and even occasionally as mature adults. As a result, these women bring with them a unique set of potentially serious medical consequences with regard to obstetric and gynecological care when they enter the healthcare system in the United States. These consequences include not only shock and hemorrhage in the short term, but infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease in the long term. Therefore, these women must be assessed with both medical and cultural sensitivity when they are accessing the health care system."
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Reader and 'So I am Glad', 2004.
This paper discusses whether the reader exists independently of the text or if the text creates its reader in A. L. Kennedy's 'So I am Glad'.
3,046 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Jennifer M. Wilson, the narrator of A.L. Kennedy's 'So I am Glad', has decided to become a voice. The writer discusses that 'So I am Glad' is a romance, but not one of a common type. Besides being an impossible spiritual and sensual journey, it reveals itself as a complex postmodernist work of meta-fiction. The writer notes that Kennedy offers to her readers a meditation on the very power of writing and looks at how it brings her narrator Jennifer from indifference to passionate and compassionate love and self-discovery. The writer of this essay discusses that despite Kennedy's refusal to be pinned down to any literary 'philosophy', the richness of the novel appears to be a perfect example of showing the place that the reader takes in literature in general and, in particular, in relation with the text and its author. Thus, the text being an end in itself from a postmodernist eye, the author shows how independent the reader exists towards the literary text. However, since the text is a medium between the author and its reader, one is drawn to ask whether the author creates the reader or whether the reader is, indeed, another performer of the text.
From the Paper
"Jennifer's possessive claim of these very specific moments of inviolability or privacy intensifies the text's self-referentiality, and Jennifer's self-consciousness of being a writer. This almost constant interaction between the intended reader and the text, with the reader entirely created out of the writer's mind, allows us to show the extent to which the reader is present, not only in the writer's mind, but also in the literary text itself. The text, at least in these instances, is what produces the reader. The reader is included within the text and, to some extent, is part of the narrative.
"Since Kennedy's novel So I am Glad is a metafictional work, disclosing to its reader the keys of its own artificial construction, its own textuality, it allows us, through a postmodernist reading of the text, to understand how the writer-text-reader relationship works."
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"Jane Eyre": A Social Commentary, 2008.
An examination of the novel "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Bronte as a social commentary on the struggle between femininity and feminism in Victorian times.
1,967 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the conflict in the heroine of Charlotte Bronte's novel "Jane Eyre" between what a male-dominated society expects of her and what she really wants. The writer discusses how Jane eventually integrates her feminine side with her feminist side, without losing any of her true self in the process, and how this is accomplished through the turn of events in the novel. The paper also contains an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"Jane is not however, like some women, oblivious to the inner struggles she faces. Jane's propensity for introspection is obvious even in childhood, when she reflects, "I could not answer the ceaseless inward question - why I thus suffered; now, at the distance of - I will not say how many years - I see it clearly" (Bronte, p. 47). Interestingly, although she searches inside herself for the answers, it is only when she steps outside herself that she is able to see things clearly."
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Is Nonviolence a Better Approach Towards Peace?, 2008.
This paper contrasts violent and nonviolent methods of achieving peace.
1,538 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a definition of peace and discusses two extreme approaches of achieving it. The author contrasts the writings and actions of the revolutionary leaders Mao Tse-tung and Che Guevara with the writings and beliefs of the Dalai Lama, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi. The writer concludes by expressing the belief that although there may be many roads to peace, the practice of nonviolence is the only way to a hate-free society.
From the Paper
"Adding to the Dalai Lama's ideals, Martin Luther King, Jr. expresses his ideas in "Loving your enemies" as a more efficient way to achieve peace than through violence. King's idea is based on two interdependent categories: Hatred and love. Every conflict that we encounter is based on hatred toward others. Because "hate scars the soul and distorts the personality" (King, 37) and "returning hate for hate multiplies hate, adding deeper darkness to a night already devoid of stars"(King, 37), King addresses to the people that they understand and forgive each other rather than hate each other."
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Analytical and Synthetic Cubism, 2004.
A discussion on the terms analytical Cubism and synthetic Cubism with reference to the work of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
2,117 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Cubism is the process of passage from a bar-baric dis-symmetry to an advanced abstract geometry. The paper then looks at how the the term analytical Cubism refers to Picasso and Braque's work of 1910 through early 1912 and how the term synthetic Cubism refers to their work of later 1912 through 1914. It also examines the objective contributions of Picasso and Braque to the development of modern art, particularly towards abstraction.
From the Paper
"By 1909, Picasso, working in close collaboration with Georges Braque, had invented Cubism, a kind of painting more sculptural than any before, since it presented simultaneously more than one view of the subject. Indeed, Picasso had definitely renounced the traditional chia roscuro - the technique of evoking three-dimensional form by reproducing the way that incident light plays across it, producing a sequence of highlights and shadows. Picasso apparently considered chiaroscuro a "dishonest" way of representing three-dimensional form; he therefore turned to faceting as a means of describing three-dimensional form without using conventional shading. After the dematerialization of form in Impressionism, and the flattening of form in Post-Impres sionism, this restoration of a sense of sculptural solidity (without a return to conventional real ism) was a major achievement. "
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Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema and Heroin Overdoses, 2005.
A proposal to study noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in heroin overdoses among patients in the Washington DC Metro area.
2,816 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study is to determine if heroin users in the Washington DC metropolitan area who overdose and use antihistamines are less likely to develop NCPE than those who overdose and do not use antihistamines. The study uses a predictive correlational design. The independent variable is antihistamine use and the dependant variable is development of NCPE. The study is to take place in two Washington DC metropolitan hospitals and the subjects are heroin users without any pre-existing pulmonary condition other than asthma, admitted to the hospital in the past five years and diagnosed as having a heroin overdose.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem/Research Question
Purpose
Hypothesis
Definition of Terms
Limitations
Conceptual Framework
Review of Literature
Design and Setting
Population and Sample
Instrument
Validity and Reliability
Data Collection Procedure
Data Analysis Procedures
From the Paper
"Following a heroin overdose, a person may develop one, or several different reactions to the drug. Pulmonary edema can occur as the result of increased permeability of the capillaries in the lungs. The lungs swell and fill with fluid, and if this condition is left untreated it can lead to death. Histamine is thought to increase capillary permeability, thus furthering the edema process. If antihistamines lower the histamine level, and decrease the chances of patients who are taking them to develop pulmonary edema after a heroin overdose, then these patients need to be cared for differently than those patients who are not taking antihistamines. Patients who are taking antihistamines at the time of their overdose would not need to have x-rays taken to see if edema has developed, thus avoiding needless exposure to radiation. "
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Naloxone and Heroin Addiction, 2006.
This paper discusses the use of naloxone to treat heroin overdose and heroin addiction.
2,414 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that heroin use is a problem plaguing countries all over the world. One of the most common and successful ways to combat heroin use is with pharmacological measures. The writer points out that naloxone, a narcotic antagonist, is used to reverse the effects of a heroin overdose. In 2002 it was approved in a combination tablet with buprenorphine for the treatment of heroin addiction. The writer discusses that the approval of the combination buprenorphine/naloxone tablet means that more nurses working in an outpatient setting will be administering naloxone to patients seeking help for heroin and opiate abuse. The writer them emphasizes the importance of explaining the indications and possible side effects of any drugs administered to patients, and to know the proper procedures to take should a patient misuse the medication. The writer concludes that hopefully, as the medical community becomes more aware of the problems associated with drug use and dependence, we will be able to come up with better solutions to solving the problem.
From the Paper
"In a study done by Cantwell et al., paramedics assessed patients for respiratory status, concurrent drug intoxication, and evaluated the patient according to the Glasgow Coma Scale. Overdose victims were more likely to receive less than the standard dose of naloxone with each single increase in number of breaths. With an increasing Glasgow Coma Scale score, patients were more likely to receive less than the standard dose of naloxone. Patients with concurrent alcohol intoxication were more likely to receive greater than the standard dose of naloxone. It is thought that alcohol combined with heroin causes greater CNS depression than that produced by heroin alone. The trend towards older patients, and male patients receiving higher doses was also seen. The study suggests that patients with a higher level of consciousness and respiratory rate require a smaller dose of naloxone to return to a normal state than those patients with a lower respiratory rate and decreased level of consciousness."
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Developmental Coordination Disorder, 2006.
A literature review on developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and its treatments.
2,698 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the lack of a known cause of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) raises the uncertainty of the most effective treatment method. The paper focuses on the two treatments therapists usually opt for; task-oriented interventions (top-down approaches) that teach purposeful goals, or an attempt to treat the underlying motor issues (bottom-up approaches) at the neural and muscular level. The paper points out that, although these therapies benefit the subjects, they do not serve as cures for their significant motor deficits. The paper concludes that this reinforces the need for further research as to the exact cause of DCD.
Outline:
Bottom-Up
Top-Down
Future Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thirteen years ago, researchers agreed upon including "Developmental Coordination Disorder" (DCD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV) (Iversen, Ellertsen, & Tytlandsvik, 2005). Today, a diagnosis of DCD often replaces the previously common assumption that a child who has uncoordinated motor skills is simply clumsy or going through an awkward phase. Approximately 5-8% of children between 5 and 11 years are diagnosed with DCD and therefore have significantly impaired motor function, which interferes with their activities of daily living. While many theories exist regarding the etiology of DCD, such as a secondary result of neuronal damage or neonatal insult, researchers have not defined an exact cause (Barnhart, Davenport, Epps, & Nordquist, 2007)."
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Treating Developmental Coordination Disorder, 2006.
This paper explains and discusses the treatment of developmental coordination disorders.
2,350 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a diagnosis that is just coming into the spotlight in pediatric clinics across the world. The writer discusses that a referral to a physical, occupational, or behavioral therapist might only treat one of many symptoms and lead to an inefficient and limited treatment. With this disadvantage, a single therapist attempting to treat a child with DCD would be at a loss. The writer points out that due to its complex nature and wide-ranging symptoms, the best way to treat a child with DCD would be to attend to all of these symptoms with their respective therapists and address problems with the use of a team approach. The writer concludes that DCD is a multi-faceted disorder and its complexities present a number of challenges. The writer maintains that the key to providing the best treatment for children with DCD is to address each of these challenges with relevant treatments and maximize efficiency with a healthcare team.
Outline:
What is DCD?
What are the Treatments?
Physical Therapy
Occupational Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
How Can We Address These Needs?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since both bottom-up and top-down treatments are effective, there is little refuting either approach. Therapists are given the creative freedom to treat a child with either method, or a combination of the two. The collaboration of the bottom-up and top-down approaches, which could consist of strength training as well as treatment in gross motor skills, might be the most promising intervention in the physical therapy realm. The evidence, however, does show that physical therapy alone does not fully cure the problems that DCD presents. Children, even after the interventions, remained below the developmental level of their same-age peers, often because of psychosocial and fine motor issues. After physical therapy, children should be able to run without falling; however, they still might be unable to tie their shoes or continue to act out in class. Physical therapy is indeed crucial, but it must be used in tandem with the other necessary treatments to ensure that all aspects of the disability are addressed."
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"M. Butterfly", 2008.
An analysis of theme of feminism in "M. Butterfly" by David Henry Hwang.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in David Henry Hwang's "M. Butterfly", a wide variety of characters and dialogue are used to explore the feminist viewpoint that men try to control women because of self-doubts and insecurities. It looks at how this is exposed as a fruitless and impossible way to establish a productive, working relationship between men and women. From the three gossipers, to Gallimard and Marc, from Gallimard and Renee to Gallimard and Song, it discusses how Hwang inspects feminism using a new and unusual viewpoint throughout the play, which he asserts in various ways.
From the Paper
"While the play was borne of racial stereotypes, it evolves more into a tale exposing the intricacies of male-female relations, using East-West misconceptions as a medium, and focuses on the protective fantasies of men. The story, told after Gallimard's arrest, drips with cynicism and sarcasm. In flashbacks, Gallimard (the diplomat), describes his perception of the play, "Madame Butterfly," relating his own love affair with Song Li Ling, who him/herself expresses why he/she participated in it. Gallimard, a faceless unimportant diplomat begins to gain confidence as his "Madame Butterfly," submits to him. Further, as this is accomplished he moves up in diplomatic circles. "
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"Diary of a Madman", 2003.
An analysis of the role of cannibalism in Lu Xun's "Diary of a Madman".
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Lu Xun's, "Diary of a Madman", written in 1918 response to China's feudalistic society that was still hanging on since ancient times despite the Revolution of 1911. In particular, the paper discusses Lu Xun's use of cannibalism as a symbol for the ancient ways because the history of China was filled with it. The paper relates that Lu Xun's story exposes the cannibalistic feudal society of pre-revolutionary China and concludes that Lu Xun felt that if the people of China could get past tradition and fear, there could be hope for a new social norm.
From the Paper
"China was filled with it. He tells of a traditional ceremony where a son of an ill parent "should slice off a piece of his own flesh, boil it, and let (the parent) eat it" (41). There were also passages about eating human flesh in ancient medical texts and historical books (34). One ancient "medical" cure for tuberculosis was to eat a bread roll that had been soaked in human blood (38), a treatment that yielded few survivors. In one historical text the meat of a human infant was mentioned as being a delicacy (38). Also, stories have been documented in that famines in China have caused villages to resort to cannibalism in order to survive. Just prior to the revolution, a fellow member of Lu Xun's hometown of Shaoxing, Xu Xilin, was executed for a revolutionary-based murder of a Qing official. When he was captured the bodyguards of the official cut out Xu Xilin's heart and liver and ate them (38). "
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The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Children, 2003.
A look at how sleep deprivation in children can lead to behavioral problems and possibly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
1,598 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses sleep deprivation in children and refers to studies conducted on the topic. The paper states that children with insufficient sleep showed a lower performance on tests associated with complex tasks as well as a significant correlation between sleep quality and neuro-behavioral functioning. The paper states that these children also had a higher rate of behavioral problems as reported by their parents. The paper continues by relating that there is a relationship linking ADHD with poor sleep since daytime symptoms of insufficient sleep in children overlap with those of ADHD. The paper questions the primary problem and further asks whether ADHD results in behavioral and other sleep disorders, or do primary sleep disorders result in ADHD? The paper concludes that a thorough evaluation of the problem and a treatment plan is required.
From the Paper
" One study suggests that preteens are not getting enough sleep to meet their daily physical and mental needs. This comes from a study of 140 Israeli students in grades two, four, and six. The results show that sleep onset time in second grade was more that one hour earlier than that in sixth grade. The sixth graders reported increased morning drowsiness compared with those of the younger grades. The researchers state the reason for the later sleep onset time is not due to their physiological needs as much as psychosocial reasons. They have increased school demands, a need to feel more like adults by having a more active night life, and there are incentives to stay up later like late-night television shows and internet surfing. The study also links poor sleeping habits with lower maternal education, and adds family stress, illness, and emotional turmoil to the causes."
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Television Violence and its Effect on Viewers, 2002.
A discussion on the possible effects of uncontrolled television viewing on adults and children.
2,034 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper states that almost every American home has at least one TV and therefore it is extremely important to have quality, educational programs. The paper then discusses and examples the research suggesting a correlation between violent television, video games, and aggressive behavior in adults and children. The paper suggests that by being selective and aware of the television a child is watching, and also by mediating, it is possible to keep a child wholesome, happy, and considerate of others. The paper concludes that careful control of program selection has been proven to be effective.
From the Paper
"Television violence concern officially started with the first of a series of congressional hearings in 1952. Early research spawned from these hearings did in fact show a reason for concern about violence in the media, particularly television (Baker & Ball, 1969). As a result of this information, the Surgeon General declared TV violence to be just like cigarette smoking, a public health problem. He released a report that showed evidence that violence on television influences some children by making them more likely to be aggressive in certain ways (Murray, 1973). Ten years later a follow up report on the Surgeon General's findings was performed. It concluded that, indeed, television violence does affect the aggressive behavior of children, and adults, too (National Institute of Mental Health, 1982). Another ten years passed and a report reconfirmed the harmful effects of TV violence (Huston, et al., 1992). Thirty years of research had shown three major affects. The first of these, direct effects process, states that children and adults who watch violence on television can become aggressive and/or they could develop favorable feelings about the use of aggression to solve conflicts."
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