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Zero Tolerance Policies in Education, 2004.
A look at both sides of the argument concerning the zero tolerance policies of the educational system.
4,406 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews extant literature on youth violence, its extra-curricular motivations, its inappropriateness in a curricular setting, the role of television, gangs and drugs, and alcohol in creating a culture of youth violence that stems from unsupervised time, and the polemical argument between advocates and opponents of the zero-tolerance policy as it is presented as a way of reducing school violence in terms of both actual effect and perception.
Introduction
Literature Review
Areas for Further Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This policy is restricted by nature to within the walls of the institution, but unfortunately, the root of school violence may not be in the school setting itself. In fact, most students do not spend most of their time in the school setting: most students spend up to eight percent of their time away from school, with their school hours making up only a small minority of their total time. Therefore, although the root of school violence may lie in what students are doing during this unsupervised time, during their supervised time at school, a zero-tolerance policy can target behavior at its ends rather than its means and keep the time that students do spend at school safe, with the assumption being that students will be shocked into line by a set of policies that monitors their time at school strictly enough to deter them from even playacting or fantasizing along themes that suggest violent behavior within the school itself. The zero-tolerance policy differs from school to school, but predominantly, the policy seeks to cut down on a youth culture that
too often expresses itself anti-social activities such as gang violence and drugs instead of more productive, future-looking activities."
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Zero-Tolerance Policy, 2003.
Questions the pros and cons of enforcing a zero-tolerance policy on school violence.
2,487 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the policies developed in dealing with violence in schools and looks at the arguments for a zero-tolerance policy and the arguments for a less severe discipline plan. It presents a detailed literature review on the subject and concludes with recommendations for alternative solutions.
From the Paper
"Zero-tolerance is a term that is not limited to schools; it is used to deal with crime, which I feel certain types of violence in schools are?a crime. Along with violence, there are other crimes committed in schools that warrant a zero-tolerance, such as drug possession. I am firmly for a zero-tolerance policy on violence and crimes in schools. However, it is the type of violence and the age of the student that must be closely examined before the punishment is given out. There needs to be certain grades of violence defined and placed with a certain punishment. For example, hitting a teacher would be a Grade III infraction and would merit an immediate expulsion. Meanwhile, a fight in the hallway would be a grade II infraction and merit a 5-day suspension. I just don?t feel that we can rid ourselves of violence by getting rid of every child who commits a violent act."
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Zero Tolerance Policy, 2002.
Questions whether American students accept the Zero Tolerance policy against drugs and violence in their schools.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In today's American schools, both elementary and high school, there is a "zero-tolerance" policy regarding drug use and violence. How do the students react to this? Do they rail against it, or do they accept it? In this paper, that is the question I will try to answer.
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Literature Review on Zero Tolerance, 2007.
A literature review of the zero tolerance policy in an educational setting and various views regarding its effectiveness.
12,690 words (approx. 50.8 pages), 41 sources, APA, $ 242.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the use of zero tolerance policies as a preventative measure against school violence. It points out that studies reveal conflicting opinions about zero tolerance. It argues that the research available shows a clear need for a change in how zero tolerance policies are applied and a need for various alternatives. The paper includes tables and survey statistics to illustrate this. To conclude, the paper suggests that now is the time to make adjustments in policy, practice and research to implement policies that can keep schools safe and preserve the opportunity for all students to learn.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Purpose
Review of Literature
History of Zero Tolerance
Perceptions of Teachers, Administrators and Parents
Suspension and Expulsion
School Shootings
Negative Impact of Zero Tolerance
Alternatives to Zero Tolerance Policies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A particular strategy that has caught the attention of many school districts in the last two decades or so is the zero tolerance policy. The zero tolerance policy has become a one-size-fits all solution to all the problems facing schools. Skiba (2000) offers this definition for zero tolerance...it is "a method of sending a message that certain behaviors will not be tolerated, by punishing all offenses severely, no matter how minor". The said purpose of the zero tolerance policy is to create a safe and secure learning environment for all students, something that is in fact a right of all students and parents to expect from any educational institution. However, in practice, it has been used to direct students who misbehave intentionally, targets serious risk students who cause disturbances in schools, and applied to students who have an emotional problem or other disability (Noguera 2003)."
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Educational Inclusion Policies, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems of full educational inclusion policies for emotionally disturbed children.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that full inclusion, which means the all children get the same education to the fullest extent possible, presents a problem with emotionally or behaviorally disturbed children that disrupt the classroom and whose needs are exceptional, requiring carefully considered instruction. The author points out that the situation for these children is made worse by behavior standards called "zero-tolerance", a policy that dictates that no instances of bullying will ever be overlooked; however, the student in question may not have better skills in place to replace bullying to meet his needs. The paper relates that one solution is to provide services in a "wrap-around" manner, a program works on all the stressors on the child's life rather than focusing only on the school day and emphasizes solving the child's problems within his natural environment.
From the Paper
"Under some circumstances, it is easier to think about inclusion for a student than under some other circumstances. It might be very easy to think about inclusion for a sweet boy with an IQ around 60 who tries hard and who rarely deliberately misbehaves. For some educators, it might be easy to think about inclusion for an autistic child who has academic potential, especially if the district has a good support system in place, with experts who can help them as they learn to meet that child's unique needs."
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United Nations Policy Formulation and Policy Implementation, 2004.
Provides an overview of United Nations policy formulation and policy implementation in the context of international public administration organizations.
1,478 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review, instances of policies that were developed and not effectively carried out, as well as recent requirements for the formulation of policies put into place at the UN. It looks at how a sustained public information campaign is extremely important for the success of the UN?s attempt to reinvent its system of policy formulation and policy implementation due to all the ?bad news?, including terrorism and war and AIDS, etc., dominating the TV and print news agencies.
From the Paper
"There are myriad examples of the UN?s good work ? in many and diverse areas where there are desperate human needs throughout the world ? and also, on the other hand, there is no shortage of evidence that some policies, although they were drawn up with the best of intentions, failed in their mission, or were thwarted either through no direct fault of the UN, or because the UN?s policy implementation could not match the promises in the policy formulation. One example of the apparent failure of a policy which was to be implemented was recently reported by the British Medical Journal (Tayal, 2003). The journal claimed that a UN policy designed to tackle the health and human rights needs of ?indigenous people? ? a policy which was formulated in 1995 ? has not been very effective in its implementation."
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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Violence in Schools, 2002.
A study into the nature of violence in schools in America and the zero tolerance policies established to curb the high levels of violence.
2,335 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
A study on a national level, into crime and violence in American schools. The paper shows how effective zero tolerance policies are from the standpoint of the students who must abide by them. The federal government set in motion a policy that was to dovetail with the thousands of zero tolerance policies in place throughout the nation.
This research is centered on the opinion of the students themselves. The paper includes a comprehensive table of statistics relating to crime in schools in America.
Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Context of Research
General Research Problem
Significance of the Research
From the Paper
"In recent history the American public has become shocked by the amount of violence that is occurring within its school system. Students have brought guns to school and used them to kill their classmates. Teachers have been attacked in the halls and administrators have been accosted as they went from the building to the car and back again. Violence in the American school system is becoming a common occurrence by previous standards and as the nation watches in shock the demand for solutions becomes almost deafening. Several years ago when the attack occurred at Columbine the nation watched in horror while dead bodies of teens laid for days in the buildings and their parents were denied access to the carnage because of the ongoing investigation."
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Violence and the Schools, 2005.
This paper argues in favor of a zero tolerance of violence policy for Canadian schools.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the highly publicized school violence, such as the shootings at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999, in Littleton, USA, have made many parents anxious about the safety of their children while in school. The author points out that this has resulted in the zero tolerance policy in Toronto schools as promised by the Ontario government before passing the Safe Schools Act in 2000. The paper states that, in order to assess this policy, citizens need to know exactly what is meant by zero tolerance.
From the Paper
"Highly publicized school violence, such as the shootings at Columbine High School on April 20th, 1999 in Littleton, USA, have made many parents anxious about the safety of their children while in school. One result of this is the zero tolerance policy in Toronto schools. The Ontario government promised zero tolerance before passing the Safe Schools Act in 2000. In order to assess this policy, we need to know exactly what we mean by zero tolerance. A recent research study found that the majority of respondents defined zero tolerance as "marking out clear lines for acceptable behavior, along with repercussions for violating the limits" (Gabor, 1995)."
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United States Fiscal and Monetary Policies, 2007.
An analysis of the fiscal policy and monetary policy of the United States.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses both the fiscal policy and the monetary policy of the United States. It describes the history behind the policies and how they have changed over time. It also discusses some of the factors that have influenced their changes. The paper also briefly discusses the differences between the fiscal policy and the monetary policy.
Table of Contents:
Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
From the Paper
"In addition to discount window lending discussed previously, the Federal Reserve can control economic growth either by engaging in open market operations (the buying and selling of U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities in the open market) or by changing reserve requirements (requirements for the amount of funds that depository institutions must hold in reserve against deposits made by their customers) (Monetary policy). In open market operations, the Federal Reserve can inject money into the system by buying securities which will help stimulate the economy and fight deflation. Conversely, when it sells securities it pulls money out of the system which will help slow economic growth and fight inflation. Increasing reserve ratio requirements would be a policy to counter inflation and slow growth because they banks have less deposits available for loans; decreasing the ratio would do exactly the opposite."
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Policies of the Irish Famine, 2001.
This paper looks at the policies introduced to solve the Irish Famine by Robert Peel and Lord Russell 1845-47. This paper looks closely at all the policies introduced and concludes as to whether they worked or failed.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at the policies implemented by Robert Peel and Lord Russell during the first years of the Irish famine. The author examines the differences between the two policies and comments on whether they were the right policies to solve the problem of the potato blight and the onset of famine. This essay covers the period of 1845 ? 1847.
From the Paper
"If there were a big difference in the policies of the two governments then it would have to be over the issue of grain and food supply to the people. It was Peel who bought ?100,000 of Indian Corn to put into the Irish market in order to keep food prices down, the Russell government sold its grain at market prices in order to keep the merchants and traders happy. It did keep a control on the access to the grain depots, but it was more aware and responsive to the growing problems, the Peel government was more sympathetic towards the plight of the people. It is regarded by historians that the Robert Peel government came out of the famine crisis rather better than expected, unfortunately for Lord Russell?s Whig government it increased the expectation on them. So maybe fortune favored Peel, in that he started off at the beginning of the famine, when things hadn?t got as bad as they would under the Whig government."
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Macroeconomic Policies and Financial Crisis, 2006.
An analysis of the systems of a government that influence the macroeconomic policies.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes macroeconomic policies, also sometimes called monetary policies. It discusses the ways in which these policies deal with aspects of the economy. The paper describes the various financial activities and systems in a country that impact on the macroeconomic policies of a government.
Table of Contents:
Importance of Financial Policies
Monetary Policies: Brief Concepts
Financial Crisis
Macroeconomic Policies and Financial Crisis
New Angles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The monetary policies adopted by the federal government or Fed in case of United States could make or break the economy. As in case of great depression in 1930s Fed contributed negatively to crisis situation.
Similarly government policies also affected the situation in different countries during the financial crisis in 1990s."
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United States? Federal Economic Policies, 1996.
Analysis of the purpose and unintended consequences of various economic policies.
2,428 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various economic policies of the U.S. federal government. It deals specifically with monetary policy, antitrust policy, regulatory policy and import quotas--looking at what some of the government policies have been, why they were formulated and how well they have succeeded in producing their intended effects.
Outline
I. Monetary Policy
A. Federal Reserve
1. History
2. Purpose
3. Policy
4. Effects
II. Antitrust Policy
A. Purpose
B. Sherman Act
C. Federal Trade Commission Act
D. Clayton Act
E. Federal Trade Commission
F. Effects
III. Regulatory Policy
A. Purpose
B. Interstate Commerce Act
C. Interstate Commerce Commission
D. Effects
IV. Import Quotas
A. Purpose
B. International Trade Commission
C. Television Imports
D. Steel Imports
E. Effects
From the Paper
"In 1977, in response to a petition filed with the ITC by the electronics industry, the U.S. set a quota on the number of television sets that could be imported from Japan (Canto 74). Although imported sets from Japan fell, imported sets from Taiwan and Korea rose to the point that total imports of televisions was unchanged; the U.S. response was to impose quotas on those countries as well (Canto 75). The net result was a negligible impact on the U.S. economy, because while imports of whole sets declined, imports of television parts rose sharply as foreign sets were assembled in the U.S. (Canto 77-80)."
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Fiscal Policies after 9/11, 2002.
A discussion about the use and effect of the fiscal policies instituted by the American government to revive the economy after 9/11.
1,441 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the differences between monetary policies and fiscal policies and explains why it was thought that after September 11, fiscal policies were the only tools that could help regularize the markets and control the slowing economy. The paper looks at some of these policies which indirectly control the financial markets and also help in accelerating business activities in the country.
From the Paper
"The two important fiscal measures are tax reduction and lower interest rates. When businesses stop producing adequate amount of goods and services, government encourages them by offering attractive incentives mostly in the form of lower interest rates. These rates make borrowing easier and induce producers to invest more in business to increase production level. However the important reason why producers stop producing during tough economic times is because of lack of consumer interest. Consumer spending shrinks dramatically and less is spent on goods and services, which automatically results in lower production. This is a simple demand and supply concept which becomes more pronounced during bad economic times."
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Affirmative Action Policies, 2002.
Examines both the positive and negative sides of current affirmative action policies.
2,551 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates both the positive and negative effects of affirmative action policies today, with a particular focus on racial minorities, such as African-Americans and Latinos, in higher education. The paper defines affirmative action, traces the policies? history, examines their goals, and looks at the various legal challenges that have been mounted against these policies. Finally, the paper includes a critical examination of the arguments both for and against the continued use of affirmative action policies and concludes by taking the position that affirmative action policies are ineffective and actually harm the parties they are intended to benefit.
From the Paper
"Jackson further argues that many affluent white students have access to SAT preparation scores and have the time and resources to participate in extracurricular activities and honor courses. This places many minority students from lower-income families who need to work after school and do not have resources for SAT preparation tests at a distinct disadvantage (Jackson 290). For proponents like Jackson, affirmative action is a way to address these discrepancies and ensure that disadvantaged youth receive an equal opportunity towards higher education."
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