| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "YOUTH CRIMES CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM": |
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Youth Crimes and the Criminal Justice System, 2002.
An examination of the way that the criminal justice system treats youth crimes and why this might need to change.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the criminal justice system has long treated the young differently from adults, but community attitudes have changed in recent years so that this policy is in question. It discusses the concerns about youthful violence and how this has led to calls for a change in the criminal justice system in order to increase the punishment possible for certain young offenders, especially those involved in violence.
From the Paper
"Other statistics are even more frightening. Webber cites the Children's Defense Fund, which estimates that an American child is arrested for a violent crime every 5 minutes and is killed by guns every 2 hours. Nine in 10 young murder victims in the industrialized world are Americans. Between 1979 and 1991, nearly 50,000 American children were killed by guns, which is more than the number of Americans killed in Vietnam in 25 years. An American child is 15 times more likely to be killed by gunfire in the United States than a child living in Northern Ireland. More than half the people arrested for murder in the United States in 1991 were under age 25, and juvenile arrests for murder and non?negligent manslaughter rose 93 percent between 1982 and 1991. It is more and more common for young people to kill each other, and 55 percent of juvenile homicides in 1995 involved friends and acquaintances (Webber)."
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Problems in the Youth Criminal Justice System, 2004.
Looks at the problems in the youth criminal justice system.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problems in the youth criminal justice system. It discusses the lack of representation in court, lack of adequate facilities, lack of adequate programs in facilities (particularly education and special education), lack of adequate staffing, and sentencing juveniles as adults.
From the Paper
"The purpose was that youthful offenders could be rehabilitated before they became lifelong criminals. Today there are still separate justice systems for adults and juveniles in state and federal systems but the juvenile system is not equipped for the shift to increasingly violent crime among juveniles. Recently a Michigan case involved a juvenile convicted of second-degree murder he committed when ..."
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The American Criminal Justice System, 2004.
This paper discusses various issues confronting the American criminal justice system such as the right to a speedy trial, identity theft, youth gangs and child pornography.
1,245 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the right to a speedy trail, which is the key feature of the American criminal justice system, is guaranteed under the American Constitution; however, it was not until the cases of "Klopfer v. North Carolina" and "Barker v. Wingo" that this right was handed down to lower courts, too. The author reviews the cyber-crime of identity theft, which is defined as someone stealing another person's name and identification information such as Social Security number, credit card numbers, passwords and personal identification numbers (PIN) and uses them to make unauthorized withdrawals, purchases and other activities. The paper suggests that social learning theory, in which children learn the skills of violence from modeling and observation of sources such as other peers, the media and video games, plays a significant role in the problems of violence in schools and youth violence.
From the Paper
"Youth gangs are not only on the rise, but their level of violence is becoming increasingly worse. The explanation which best fits for youth gangs would be that of Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association theory. "In longitudinal studies, the most examined mechanism through which gang participation might socialize boys into antisocial activity appears in prior research that has considered boys' association with delinquent peers along with their gang participation." These youths, who are typically lower-class, realize that they will never reach the goals of the middle-class and have no urge to conform to middle-class standards. This cognitive dissonance produces a type of stress or strain. Instead, they form their own deviant subculture with their own rules, norms and mores. Travis Hirschi's Control Theory may also explain gang participation."
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The Criminal Justice System and Racism, 2006.
This paper discusses whether racism exists within the U.S. Criminal Justice System.
1,663 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This work reviews several different sources to gain an understanding in facts of the nature of the justice system and considers the fact that justice often is most afforded to those with political, social or financial standing in the community and those who are not of a minority race.
In this paper, the writer researches and examines one Internet news article, 2 books or other forms of literature and one first person narration in order to explain how race, social class and political involvement can be influenced to staying out of trouble in general and to show that money is a major influence along with any other information explaining that the justice system is tainted with racism toward color except towards that of the color of money.
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Native American Youth
African-American, White and Latino Youth
Summary and Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"People have claimed many times and over many years in time that the justice system is tainted with racism and furthermore that with the correct political connections and influences that an individual can stay out of trouble and particularly this is claimed to be true if the individual also has money to back them. The high-profile trial of O.J. Simpson is one example of this problem in the justice system. Practically all of the United States witnessed the highway chase that took place when police officers attempted to arrest Simpson, and yet, in a nationally televised trial the celebrity was found to be not guilty. If Simpson had been a poor black man from the ghetto accused of killing his white wife then he most assuredly would have been found guilty and sentenced to either life in prison without possibility of parole or indeed sentenced to death by electrocution. However, Simpson had fame and he had money and all of that combined with his many connections both socially and politically made all the difference in how the justice system treated him."
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Juvenile Criminal Justice System, 2002.
A discussion of the pros and cons of increasing the punishment possible for certain young offenders, especially those involved in violence.
1,743 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how more and more states and the federal government have been considering or passing legislation that diverts juvenile offenders from the juvenile justice system to the adult justice system because of an increase in violent crime committed by juveniles. It looks at how major news stories such as the shooting at Littleton, Colorado is one reason, but so is the increase in gang shootings and similar violence in urban regions. It discusses how the development of a more violent youth population involves many forces and pressures and cannot be answered simply by shifting young people to adult courts. It looks at how critics claim that this has been done because the juvenile justice system has failed, however, statistics show that shifting juveniles to adult court is also a policy that fails, so it is hardly a reasonable substitute.
From the Paper
"Other statistics are even more frightening. Webber cites the Children's Defense Fund, which estimates that an American child is arrested for a violent crime every 5 minutes and is killed by guns every 2 hours. Nine in 10 young murder victims in the industrialized world are Americans. Between 1979 and 1991, nearly 50,000 American children were killed by guns, which is more than the number of Americans killed in Vietnam in 25 years. An American child is 15 times more likely to be killed by gunfire in the United States than is a child living in Northern Ireland. More than half the people arrested for murder in the United States in 1991 were under age 25, and juvenile arrests for murder and non-negligent manslaughter rose 93 percent between 1982 and 1991. It is more and more common for young people to kill each other, and 55 percent of juvenile homicides in 1995 involved friends and acquaintances (Webber)."
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Youth Justice System, 2002.
A look at the changing youth justice system.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This essay will examine the old system as well as its early developments and show how the Youth Criminal Justice Act is based upon fixing numerous significant problems that exist historically in the youth justice system.
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Criminal Justice - Crime & Punishment, 2008.
A descriptive perception of the concept of crime and punishment, social control, and defined concepts of justice.
1,646 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper states that only the human species is known to inflict pain purely for retribution. The fact that justice and punishment for rule violations are evident in animals, and that different human cultures have defined justice, crime, and punishment in myriad, and often in mutually contradictory terms, suggests the need to establish objective principles for concepts of justice that are indeed just. The paper concludes that "justice" incorporates objective rules without basis, which reflect the strength to impose the will of the of those more powerful in society, over the less powerful. The paper also states that crime and punishment are exclusive to human societies, notwithstanding our current relative inability to administer those concepts uniformly and justly, in most human society.
Outline:
A Survey of Cultural Variation of Crime and Punishment Throughout History
Toward the Objective Standard of Justifiable Criminal Definitions and Punishment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In particular, purposeful actions on the part of society or dominant group of leaders to address unwanted behaviors or actions of the individual is apparent among many animal species, such as in relation to violations of established social and pair-bonding relationships and hierarchy of access to food and other natural resources (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2005). In certain primates, for example, group members risk both physical retaliation and elements of social exclusion if they are discovered by other group members to have hidden or failed to share resources by not disclosing its existence or location."
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The Criminal Justice System, Society and Crime, 2008.
An investigation into the correlations between race and crime, as well as the discrimination that occurs when classification of crimes and its perpetrators come into account.
2,840 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper explains and clarifies the perceptions of crime by gender and race in the belief that in crime, white males will likely fare better in the Criminal Justice system than minorities and women. The paper affirms that there is a need for further research regarding perceptions about men and women of various races regarding how they view crime by minority groups. The paper further states that there is a need to investigate why these perceptions have not been studied extensively over the past decade.
From the Paper
"Other research, which has been conducted utilized a sample used for studying white-collar criminal careers. This research identified the broad range of white-collar crimes and criminals prosecuted in American federal courts. Researchers benefited form this method by, careful sampling techniques and rich data collected in their study. However, in the same token, researchers added detailed information on the number, timing, and types of other criminal events attributed to these offenders both before and after the offense that was the focus of the previous Yale study."
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Criminal Justice: White-Collar Crime, 2008.
An overview of various types of white-collar crime.
2,445 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses issues of white-collar crime: waste in the oil industry, the U.S. government sabotaging the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), corporate fraud and the sentencing of white-collar criminals.
Table of Contents:
Focus on the Waste Oil Industry
The U.S. Government Sabotaging OSHA
Investigation and Effects of Corporate Fraud
Sentences for White-Collar Criminals
From the Paper
"The number of victims, including crimes with high shareholder losses, is closely related to how offenders are sentenced; perceived intent and responsibility of shareholders frequently plays out dramatically in the media. Media attention may be the cause or the result of stricter punishments for crimes with multiple victims. Despite a few of these high profile cases, including large media frenzies like Enron, white-colar crime is Weissmann and Block (2007) report found that the average federal sentence for fraud in 2005 was a relatively slim 23.6 months in prison."
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"Criminal Procedure for the Criminal Justice Professional", 2005.
This paper is a book review of John Ferdico's "Criminal Procedure for the Criminal Justice Professional".
2,545 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, according to Ferdico, the law of criminal procedure can be described as rules designed to balance the important government functions of maintaining law and order and protecting the rights of citizens. The author points out that the "plain-view" doctrine is the procedure or rule that guides the officer in making a search of an individual or their property and in making an arrest of an individual; items in "plain view" or out in the open for view, may be seized by police in evidence in making an arrest for illegal possession of drugs and weapons. The paper concludes that Ferdico not only understands but also explains thoroughly arrest, questioning and processing procedures as well as the trial and case proceedings which are required by law enforcement, prosecution and defense in the 'criminal court procedures'.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Right to a Fair Hearing/Trial
Double Jeopardy
Arrest Warrant
Probable Cause
Use of Force
The Standard of "Reasonableness"
Plain-view Doctrine
The Carroll Doctrine
Escobedo and Miranda
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ferdico relates that there exists a conflict since the more "emphasis on maintaining law and order" ends up involving "greater intrusions" in the lives and in relation to the rights of the individual. In other words, policies of the government that are originally focused toward protection of the individual and maintaining law and order in the community may very well result in increased breaking and disrespect of the law that sought to protect. Ferdico next gives the history of the development of U.S. law relating the historical facts concerning the U.S. Constitution and the accompanying Bill of Rights. The laws governing rules and procedures and protecting the rights of the individual are based on the principles of Constitution in the United States of America, which is a country governed by democracy."
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Women in the Criminal Justice System, 2004.
An analysis of women in the criminal justice system from female offenders to female criminal justice professionals.
1,402 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the treatment of women and girls in the criminal justice system. The paper evaluates the recommendations of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Task Force on Women regarding female offenders, female crime victims, and female criminal justice professionals. The paper describes the nature of the changes that have been taking place regarding gender bias and inequality within the justice system.
From the Paper
"The criminal justice system provides training to police and law enforcement agencies, prosecutors and judges (Legal Defense and Education Fund 2004). The New York State Police Academy, for example, trains its criminal justice professionals through a week-long Sex Offense Seminar. They are taught how to investigate sex crimes; collect evidence from crime scenes; interview suspects, surviving victims and other witnesses; obtain expert testimony; gather and present forensic evidence; screen for drug-facilitated sexual assault and similar crimes; observe Departmental protocol for crime investigations; recognize trauma syndrome and the surviving victim's emotional needs and rights; and coordinate with crisis programs, health care personnel and related agencies (LDEF)."
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Criminal Justice/Sociology, 2005.
A review of the answers to frequently asked question relating to crime and the criminal justice system.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper answers questions about crime and the criminal justice system. This paper also discusses the effects on social policy, different ways of administering the law, the social cost of arresting someone who is not convicted, elements of being an accomplice and being an accessory after the fact, and questions about racial and other types of profiling and their effectiveness.
From the Paper
"The presumption of innocence is a central premise in the American criminal justice system, forcing the prosecution to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. This should also make the prosecution more cautious about bringing a charge and trying a case because there are social costs to arresting a person and not convicting him or her in court. The rate at which prosecutions succeed or fail differs from one jurisdiction to another. In federal court in 2002, the cases for 80,424 defendants were completed, and most (89%) defendants were convicted ("Federal Justice Statistics" "Adjudication"). State statistics for large districts show similar results with a conviction rate of 85% ("Prosecution Statistics" "State Court Prosecutors in Large Districts")."
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Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System, 2007.
An examination of racial prejudices and racial bias in the criminal justice system in Canada and the reasons for this practice.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes whether Black people are mistreated by the criminal justice system in Canada and if they face discrimination from both the police and the courts. It discusses the failure of the criminal justice system to provide appropriate services to people of minority groups. The paper specifically looks at the over-representation of black people in the criminal justice system. It then attempts to analyze some of the reasons how and why Black citizens are targeted by the criminal justice system.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background on Black Over-representation in the Criminal Justice System
Possible Reasons Behind The Black Over-representation Trend
Arguments Against Criminal Justice System Racial Bias
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is difficult to know how to respond to racial prejudices in the criminal justice system, as the overrepresentation of black citizens is imbedded in socioeconomic factors which cannot be explained by discriminatory practices implicit in the criminal justice system. The most obvious solution to the problem is to have separate justice systems for people of Aboriginal descent, where most of the problems of racial discrimination in Canada lie. However, would not the existence of different courts of law for different ethnicities further encourage racial stratification in society? The solution is not an easy one, and much more research must be done on the topic before an answer is forthcoming. A number of factors must be explored before a solution is implemented, such as what the current statistics revolving around discrimination studies mean, the relationship between social and economic factors and the criminal justice system, and the impact of developing stratification between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal citizens (La Prairie, 2004, p. 277). "
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Community-based Incarceration and Criminal Justice, 2008.
An analysis of the media's role in criminal justice issues and a look at community-based alternatives to incarceration.
2,706 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews a number of issues pertaining to criminal justice. Firstly, the paper look at the role of the media in criminal justice issues. It then discusses whether or not the criminal justice system can legitimately be called a "system" or whether another description is apt. The paper also examines community-based alternatives to incarceration and, lastly, examines how restorative and community-based approaches to punishment are preferable to punishment-based approaches.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Criminal Justice: Specific Issues
Issue One: The Role of the Media
Issue Two: Major Components of the Criminal Justice System
Issue Three: Community-based Alternatives to Prison
Issue Four: Community/Restorative Justice Models and their Difference from Punitive Models of Justice
From the Paper
"Going further, the simple reality is that one study after another seems to illustrate the fact that punitive criminal justice (incarceration, long sentences, the de-emphasis of diversionary programs by justices when passing sentence) does nothing to reduce crime on its own (Wilson et al, 2002). Ostensibly, all human beings are blessed with a certain measure of capital - intellectual and emotional capital being the most important - and maximizing this human capital by teaching individuals how to serve others, how to behave responsibly and how to curb darker impulses is the best way by which a society can reduce the likelihood that it will become over-run by crime. It may also be added that the essential reason why community-based and restorative justice models are gaining such favor (they have been, albeit to varying degrees, in favor among academics since at least the 1970s) is because the failings of punishment-based justice - the over-crowding of American prisons, high recidivism rates, the growing cost of keeping people behind bars - have become manifest in the eyes of many close observers and new, more innovative approaches are desperately needed."
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The Islamic Criminal Justice System, 2004.
This paper describes and compares the Islamic criminal justice system with criminal justice systems of other countries.
3,505 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, unlike other ?law-centered? societies, Islamic law is neither a remnant of history nor ancient origins revisited, but rather an intricate, multi-threaded cluster of thoughts and actions, which the Islamic persons shaped and customized as they opposed and accepted Euro-American colonial endeavors. The author points out that, in Islamic systems, religion plays a vital part so that these countries are categorized as theocratic states; whereas, the majority of English-speaking nations, such as the U.S., England, Australia, and New Zealand, are characterized by a tough antagonistic structure, wherein lawyers deduce, and judicial functionaries are compelled by example. The paper relates that Islamic law, called Shariah law, is all-pervading in governing a person in almost every aspect of daily life.
From the Paper
"Islamic legal system is not a legal system, like the Korean or Indonesian legal system, but instead a legal custom, akin to the common or civil law custom. A legal tradition is a package of identical beliefs, attitudes, and practices relating to the required segments of a legal system, inclusive of the extent and rationale of the law, the way in which regulations are built or explored, the characteristics and function of legal performer and the way in which the law is imbibed, executed, developed and modified. Similar to the common law and civil law traditions, Islamic law does not subsist in a clean form anywhere, but impacts in varying quantities in diverse manner several domestic legal systems of the world."
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