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The Innocence Commission: Wrongful Convictions, 2006.
A look at how individuals are wrongfully convicted of a crime and what solutions are available to correct the situation.
1,639 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how a wrongful conviction is a miscarriage of justice and occurs when a person is convicted and punished for a crime he did not commit. The paper also looks at how most criminal justice systems have some means to overturn or rectify a wrongful conviction, but this is very difficult to achieve. Finally, the paper looks at the causes of some of these wrongful convictions and contends that when an innocent person is wrongfully convicted, it is definitely a serious miscarriage of justice.
Outline:
Introduction
The Causes of Wrongful Convictions
Case Examples
Suggestions to Eliminate Wrongful Convictions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most common reason for a wrongful conviction is because of a mistaken I.D. Studies have been done over the years to determine the error percentage. But from 1932 when the first study done by Borchard through 1996 conducted by Huff, Rattner, and Sagarin, the percentages range anywhere from 45% to 60%. The biggest reason for witness misidentification is because most police departments show victims pictures simultaneously rather than one at a time. Studies show fewer errors are made when pictures are shown one at a time. In addition, sometimes victims want to identify the offender so badly that he or she may identify anyone who even remotely looks like the person or persons who wronged them."
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Wrongful Convictions, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of wrongful convictions in the criminal justice system especially in Canada and specifies two cases.
2,835 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that the criminal justice system is a form of theater in its subjective flourishes, which can very much alter what happens to the accused. The author points out that an innocent person can be falsely convicted and spend years in a correctional institution based on his looks and behaviors. The paper relates that Stephen Truscott's wrongful conviction demonstrates the absurdity of what can go wrong when an innocent man refuses to confess to a crime he did not commit. The author underscores that the issue of wrongful accusation and conviction points to possible errors by the police, the courts and the handling of evidence. The paper urges that this issue should be examined in the context of Canadian civil culture, which disdains the criminal, especially in cases where the accused is allegedly responsible for sexual offenses and homicides involving children.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Stephen Truscott's Failure to Demonstrate Remorse
Culture and Criminality
The Wrongful Conviction of Guy Paul Morin
Implications
From the Paper
"In October of 1984, Morin was falsely accused of the still unsolved sex murder of 9 year-old Christine Jessop, his next-door neighbor" in Queensville, Ontario. Morin was then aged 25. When Jessop was reported missing, the Durham Regional Police responded and questioned members of the Morin family. It was observed that Guy Paul Morin showed no reaction, looking ahead, as was noted by police as suspicious. This reaction however is seen as one of several typical if unexpected reactions to police questioning, part of what Gudjonsson analyzed as part of the psychology of interrogations, of all kinds, as may produce extreme evasion or non-acceptance that a crime has taken place, as well as unwanted false confessions."
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Wrongful Convictions, 2002.
Shows what affect wrongful convictions have on public attitudes toward the criminal justice system.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This reviews the impact of wrongful convictions on the public. In today's world, not a single justice system is really handling criminal cases with one hundred percent accuracy.
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Wrongful Convictions, 2007.
This paper discusses the phenomenon of wrongful convictions due to false confessions.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper explores why somebody would confess to a crime they did not commit and identifies several types of people who falsely confess. The paper discusses how the criminal justice system tends to set the confession of the defendant as the most important and irreversible proof of guilt, ignoring evidence to the contrary, other statements and other possible suspects. The paper maintains that it is crucial for the police to closely follow the criminal procedure even when faced with a confession from the most likely suspect.
From the Paper
"The English jurist William Blackstone once declared that it would be "better for ten guilty persons to escape than for one innocent to suffer" . The principle is still applicable today as wrongful convictions do so much damage and ruin so many lives. They can no longer be considered simple "regrettable anomalies " of a system that works properly. There are many factors leading to such unfortunate developments in a case out of which the most important are: insufficient, corrupted or false evidence, untrue witness statements, including confessions, biased evaluations and other unfortunate happenings. Wrongful convictions due to false confessions are a great problem that the criminal justice system has been and is still facing."
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Ruben Carter and Wrongful Convictions, 2004.
Examines the impact that Ruben "Hurricane" Carter's case has had on the America's judicial system.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper first presents and overview of the crime Ruben Carter was accused of and sentenced to life imprisonment for and then takes a look at the impact this case has had on the American judicial system once it was determined that Carter had been wrongfully convicted. The paper points out that, despite the increased awareness of the inadequacies of the American judicial that Carter's case generated and the improvements in the justice system brought about by DNA technology, many Americans continue to be wrongfully convicted to this day in the United States of America.
From the Paper
"The case of Rubin "Hurricane" Carter has become a symbol, both negative and positive, for American's judicial system. Rubin carter's case has had a profound impact on accused and convicted criminals today. The advent of DNA technology has helped to reduce the number of wrongful convictions, and has also been instrumental in exonerating a number of convicted prisoners. While DNA technology has had an important impact on the criminal justice system, experts argue that the number of wrongful convictions is an increasing problem in the United States. One website lists 22 potential wrongful convictions on Texas' death row alone. Racism played an important role in Carter's original conviction, and today allegations of racism continue to plague the criminal justice system. The legal damage to the right of habeas corpus by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 has reduced the ability of prisoners to demand the right to be brought before a judge to determine if they have been unlawfully imprisoned. Altogether, while Rubin Carter's case brought a great deal of public attention and sympathy to the issue of wrongful convictions, accused and convicted criminals today continue to fact the problem of wrongful conviction."
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Wrongful Conviction, 2006.
An analysis of the implications of wrongful convictions in the United States and ways these have been discovered.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses wrongful conviction in the criminal justice system in the United States. The paper analyzes how it is now evident that there are hundreds of individuals that have been incarcerated who are innocent and how in recent years many of these innocent individuals have been released after serving time on death row or having been incarcerated for decades for crimes that they did not commit.
From the Paper
"Wrongful Conviction in the Criminal Justice System Introduction Wrongful convictions have been recorded in the United States since the early 1800s. While it has been historically believed that all individuals convicted of crime claim to be innocent although they are guilty, it is now evident that there are hundreds of individuals that have been incarcerated who are innocent. Furthermore, in recent years many of these innocent individuals have been released after serving time on death row, or having been incarcerated for decades for crimes that they did not commit. The public concern for this issue has only been realized in the past few decades since the advancements of DNA testing, and the ability of scientists to prove innocence in many cases. However, forensic science is not the only method that is used to convict in this country."
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DNA and Convicted Prisoners, 2002.
A look at the use of DNA to overturn prisoners who have wrongly been convicted.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper addresses the use of DNA to overturn prisoners who have wrongly been convicted. DNA testing has made exoneration possible for many innocent convicts. It allows the prevalence of a more just legal system. Unfortunately, this expensive testing is made freely available to convicts only in New York and Illinois. In the rest of the states, the prosecutors, the courts and the governors rule whether a prisoner would have DNA testing. Many prisoners resist this test possibly because they are guilty of crime.
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The Death Penalty And Reversal of Convictions, 2002.
A discussion of the large number of innocent people sentenced to death in Florida, then exonerated and freed.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discussion of the large number of innocent people sentenced to death in Florida, then exonerated and freed. Florida's Death Penalty Reform Act of 2000. Examples of wrongful convictions. Death penalty in other States. Division between Northern and Southern states. High number of African Americans on death row. Death penalty vs. life without parole.
From the Paper
"The Death Penalty in Florida
Introduction:
Florida leads the nation in the number of innocent people sentenced to death, then exonerated and freed. Since the U.S. Supreme Court allowed the resumption of the death penalty in 1976, Florida has reversed the convictions of 20 Death Row inmates, more than any other state in the nation. In 1999, 75 percent of the death.penalty cases brought before the appeals court were overturned. (Goering, 2000, B2) In fact, the death penalty does not serve the public interest of real justice, for Florida or anywhere else.
REVISION TO THE DEATH PENALTY LAWS:
Florida has by far the largest number of Death Row cases where an inmate was granted a new trial either because prosecutors..."
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Wrongful Death Suit, 2006.
A case study Michael F. Braun, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Soldier of Fortune Magazine, INC. and Omega Group, Ltd., a legal suit where the plaintiffs sued for the wrongful death of their parent.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and discusses the key facts in a legal suit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama where the plaintiffs brought suit against the defendants for the wrongful death of their parent. The paper examines the decision of the the U.S. District Court, which sided in favor of the plaintiffs, Michael F. Braun and Ian Braun, and against the defendants, Soldier of Fortune Magazine, Inc. and Omega Group, Ltd., and awarded the plaintiffs $2 million, $375 thousand and $10 million in compensatory and punitive damages.
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Vehicular Homicide Convictions, 2004.
Study of the disparity in sentencing guidelines for DUI (driving under the influence) vehicular homicide.
23,551 words (approx. 94.2 pages), 87 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study looks at the problem of disparity in sentencing guidelines when it comes to DUI vehicular homicide. The study examines this disparity, as well as the sentencing disparity that exists with other types of crime. The paper contends that, while race is a significant reason for the disparity, it is not the only reason. A look at the various causes for sentencing disparity and how the injustice might be corrected is also the subject of this study.
Statement of Problem and Hypotheses
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Introduction to the Literature Review
History of Sentencing
Types of Sentencing
Sentencing Guidelines for DUI Homicides
Factors that Influence a Judges Decision
A History of DUI Laws/Legislation
From the Paper
"This has become a serious problem for many minority individuals, since many who have been sentenced are insisting that the guidelines under which they have been sentenced are unfair. Literature on this subject, which will be reviewed in Chapter Two, appears to indicate that some disparity may exist, and this is worrying for minority individuals, due to the fact that they are aware that, if they are arrested for DUI vehicular homicide, they will likely be punished more severely than those that are of the Caucasian race."
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Wrongful Dismissal and the First Amendment, 2002.
An in-depth study of the abuse of the individual right in the American First Amendment.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the fact the history shows that uncertainties of a fragile First Amendment during times of crisis are well founded, as seen in the post September 11th era. It defines and provides a history of the First Amendment. It uses numerous legal cases to support its claims. The paper describes the Five Freedoms. The author states that the First Amendment right of free association has been rigorously compromised, particularly for those connected with Muslim organizations that the government believes supports anti-American causes.
Table of Contents
History and the First Amendment
Free Expression on Private Property
Hate Speech
Clear and Present Danger
The Problem of ''Symbolic Speech.''
Conclusion
Reference:
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The most basic element of freedom of expression is the right of freedom of speech. The right to freedom of speech allows individuals to utter them without interference or constraint by the government. The Supreme Court requires the government to provide extensive justification for the interference with the right of free speech where it attempts to normalize the content of the speech. A less rigorous test is applied for content-neutral legislation. The Supreme Court has also recognized that the government may proscribe some speech that may cause a breach of the peace or cause violence. The right to free speech includes other mediums of expression that communicates a message."
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Guy Paul Morin: Failure of the Justice System, 2006.
This paper examines the 1992 murder trial of Guy Paul Morin, who was wrongly convicted of killing a 9-year-old child in 1984.
928 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper details the numerous errors on the part of the Ontario police department, as well as the prosecutors who were determined to find Guy Paul Morin guilty of killing Christine Jessop. This paper explores the various reasons Morin was wrongfully convicted including the fact that the police did not seek out any other suspects, as they were sure Morin was guilty. On October 3, 1984, 9-year-old Christine Jessop was brutally beaten, stabbed, raped and murdered. Morin was charged with the murder of Christine Jessop. When the prosecution could not prove its case in 1986, Morin was acquitted of the murder. Immediately the verdict was appealed by the prosecution. The Supreme Court ruled that the judge misdirected the jury. Evidence played a key role in the conviction and exoneration of Guy Paul. This paper also details the main evidence that had been used against Guy Paul had in fact been contaminated since 1985.
From the Paper
"Police had leads to other people, but did not follow up on them because they were just after Guy Paul, not anybody else. The first possible person is Paul Wilsonm he was seen cleaning the inside of his truck with a hose, which made his employer suspicious. Police just look at the truck and said "it looks fine" and that was the end of that. The second possible suspect was Tom Atkins. Atkins was charged with the sexual abuse of 5 year old and lived in the area. When he passed a polygraph test, police let him go, even though they had a search warrant and could have searched his house to be certain he did not have anything to do with the murder. The third suspect is Mike Taylor. He (Mike) had been working at the cemetery where Christine used to play, he also once threatened his sister with a gun. Mike once went after his father with a chainsaw, but he had an alibi for the night of the murder, his family. Later on, Mike's sister changed her story, but not with the police."
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Mistaken Identification and the Role of DNA, 2005.
A look at how DNA results can exonerate wrongfully convicted people.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how over the past decade, DNA technology has revolutionized the criminal justice system. In countless cases DNA results have served to identify suspects, convict the guilty, and bring solace to many victims. In particular, it looks at how in several cases DNA examinations have exonerated the innocent, at times, after years of unjust imprisonment and how post-conviction DNA testing reveals that mistaken eyewitness identification was the primary evidence used to convict people who were later proven innocent.
Outline
Mistaken Identification
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Examples of the Role of DNA
From the Paper
"It has long been conjectured that eyewitness identification evidence is a major cause of the conviction of innocent persons. According to Criminal Procedure Today, the purpose of identification is to obtain evidence to assist in determining whether the defendant is guilty of the charge or charges against him or her. There are three major forms of identification: lineups, show-ups, and photographs. Of the three, photographs are the most frequently used. However, eyewitness identification is the most popular source of evidence in our criminal justice proceedings and also the most persuasive evidence that a prosecutor may present to the jury. But as with any procedure, one hundred percent accuracy is not the norm. In fact, most researchers in criminal justice agree that mistaken identification has been the single most cause of conviction of the innocent (Roberson, 2003). "
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False Imprisonment Compensation, 2004.
This paper argues for a federally funded compensation system to help the victims of false imprisonment rebuild their lives.
1,857 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The first part of this paper looks at the surprising number of convictions that have been overturned due to DNA evidence or the work of tenacious lawyers and relatives. It then examines the difficulties that keep the wrongfully convicted from finding employment, pursuing an education, and re-building their lives upon their release, and the obstacles they once faced in seeking redress from the state. The next part looks at the current difficulties former inmates contend with in their fight to secure compensation for their wrongful convictions. In the last part, the paper looks at the compensation programs in place to address the needs of the wrongfully convicted, paying particular attention to the provisions in the Wrongful Conviction Bill.
From the Paper
"A 2002 study by the Associated Press followed the lives of 110 former inmates after their convictions were overturned due to DNA tests. Majority of the men in this study reported that the vindication failed to bring them the fabled happy ending. Due to their lack of education and training, many find it difficult to secure regular jobs. Most of these men spent the ages of 28 through 38 in prison, a period of life that is often seen as the "critical wage-earning years" (Cohen and Hastings). Many analysts thus believe that their current job and financial difficulties could have continuing repercussions through the normal span of a person?s wage earning years."
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Financial Aid for Prior Drug Convicts, 2002.
An examination into a 1998 provision of the Higher Education Act which denies financial aid to people with prior drug convictions.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the Higher Education Act, established 30 years ago to offer financial aid to people seeking higher education. It thereafter examines the 1998 provision denying this aid to people with prior drug convictions. The affect of this new provision on colleges and universities throughout the United States is discussed.
From the Paper
"But many students and politicians have voiced out against the bill, saying that it is class-discriminatory and racist. Several student and statewide organizations, including the University of Southern California Student Senate and statewide New York and Wisconsin organizations, have recently passed new resolutions speaking out against the bill, on the grounds that financial aid should be given out to academically qualified students who need the aid to attend college."
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