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"What Went Wrong?" by Bernard Lewis, 2006.
An analysis of the book "What Went Wrong: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East" by Bernard Lewis.
1,004 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the book "What Went Wrong: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East" by Bernard Lewis. The paper examines how Bernard Lewis, a respected author and expert historian who has written on a variety of historical topics, presents the argument that Islam has gone terribly wrong in modern times, and that after medieval times, the Islamic world began a decline in power, learning, the arts, and economy that the region has never been able to regain. The writer explains that Lewis shows the Middle East has almost always been torn by war and strife, and that the modern Middle East suffers from many ills that lead Muslims to anger, dissent, external and internal warfare, and economic despair.
From the Paper
"Throughout the text, he shows his understanding of the Arabic world and her peoples, even down to their lack of modern time and measurement technology - simply because it is not exceptionally necessary in their world. The author writes, "Apart from prayer, there were few other activities that required even approximate timing. This was a society in which there were no parliaments, councils, or municipalities, and the conduct of public business required no kind of schedule" (Lewis 122). This is just one example of how Western technology, so very desirable in the West, was often unnecessary in the East, and technology and advances began to pass the Muslim Middle East by."
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Bernard Lewis' "Islam and the West", 2005.
A book review of Lewis' book about the relationship between Islamic culture and Western/European culture.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of "Islam and the West" by Bernard Lewis by examining each of the different sections in the book. The paper talks about Lewis' theme that it is very difficult to study a culture that has few roots in the culture of the researcher and that both cultures look at each other from a xenophobic point of view. The paper concludes that "Islam and the West" is an important book that should be part of high school and college studies in world history.
From the Paper
"The author of Islam and the West, Bernard Lewis, has an extensive background in the study of Islam. He has both a B. A. and Ph.D. in history from the University of London. His B.A. emphasizes the Near and Middle East, and his Ph.D. focused on the history of Islam. He did additional graduate work at the University of Paris. He taught for many years at the University of London, and since 1986 has taught at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. His long list of other published books include The Arabs in History (1950), The Political Language of Islam (1988), and his most recent work, A Middle East Mosaic: Fragments of life, letters and history (2000). "
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"The Jews Of Islam" (Bernard Lewis) and "The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians Under Islam" (Bat Ye'or), 1992.
Compares these two books on non-Muslim peoples living in Muslim society.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The Dhimmi, Two Views
"Dhimmi" is a term applied to someone who lives in a Muslim society without being a Muslim (principally Jews and Christians). This paper compares and contrasts two books on the subject of the dhimmi--The Jews of Islam by Bernard Lewis and The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians under Islam by Bat Ye'or. This comparison and contrast centers on four points: (1) ways in which the authors express their views, (2) the subjects the authors choose to write about, (3) differences in subject matter, and (4) individual point of view.
As both works have a scholarly tone, neither one reveals particular emotions or views regarding the subject matter. Both are objective and factual, letting the ideas, facts, and interpretations speak for themselves. The formats and styles are ..."
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"What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response", 2002.
Book review of Bernard Lewis?s book about Middle Eastern political relations and America's impact and influence on the current state of affairs.
1,468 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 0 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explores Bernard Lewis?s book entitled "What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response" and shows how it accurately investigates the influences of Western art, societal positions of women, both imperialist and revolutionary policies domestic and abroad, and Christianity upon the Middle East.
From the Paper
"Lewis explains these encroachments of Western influence in direct contrast to the often insufficient responses from the Middle East. Lewis applies his viewpoint concerning what he perceives as limitations imposed by Islamic indoctrination to answer the general inquiry ?what went wrong??. He includes the largely inferior Middle Eastern reactions against the vast superiority of Western diplomatic affairs. This Western enforcement of foreign relation policies upon the collectively unwilling Middle East resulted from the its numerous victories achieved on battlefields by utilizing further advanced military tactics and weaponry."
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"The Journals of Lewis and Clark", 2003.
This paper reviews Bernard DeVoto's "The Journals of Lewis and Clark", which remained unpublished for 100 years.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the key point of the journals of Lewis and Clark was, in 1803, when President Thomas Jefferson sent his secretary Meriwether Lewis and Lewis' friend William Clark on a mission to explore the uncharted West; Jefferson called the group the Corps of Discovery. The author points out that DeVoto considers these journals as a "national literary treasure", which detail the interior of the American West. The paper relates that the Corps of Discovery returned to St. Louis with comprehensive maps of their route and the surrounding regions, specimens and descriptions of the plants, animal life and potential mineral resources and a wealth of information about the native peoples of the West.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Evaluation of Key Points
Did the Authors Achieve Their Objectives?
Primary and Secondary Sources
Personal Assessment
Relevance Today
From the Paper
"Whenever a company brings a project in under budget, there are big celebrations and back-patting all around. Lewis and Clark managed to accomplish at lot with $2,500, even for the beginning of the 19th century (although the historians say that in reality they had a blank check for whatever unexpected expenses they may have experienced and the expedition actually cost more). Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark accomplished all of their objectives according to the guidelines set out by President Jefferson to Lewis and more, but they did not just stumble into their success. According to the research, both Lewis and Clark had much experience of command and of wilderness life."
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"Main Street" by Sinclair Lewis, 2008.
A discussion on Sinclair Lewis' fame which was brought about by his novel "Main Street" which defied the conventional writing of novels.
1,158 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper states that Sinclair Lewis was an American author who became famous and controversial because of his novels and his satirical style of writing which criticizes the popular American culture during the 1920s to 1930s. The paper then provides an overview on who Sinclair Lewis was and why he became famous for his writings. The paper also discusses critics' remarks about the works of Sinclair Lewis as well as opinions as to why Sinclair Lewis' works are still relevant today.
Outline:
Introduction
Short Biography
Sinclair Lewis's Main Street
Lewis's Rise to Fame
Relevance of Sinclair Lewis' Main Street
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Main Street sold around 200,000 copies with a few months of its publication and released. It sold around two million copies in the United States alone in 1951. While novels before dared not, Main Street was the first novel by an American to become successful by using criticisms on American popular culture. The publication was timely because Main Street was published during the time when American culture was being questioned, World War I had just ended and women were declared legally equal to men."
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Islam and Modernity, 2007.
This paper discusses the book "What Went Wrong: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East" by Bernard Lewis.
994 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the title of Bernard Lewis' book, 'What Went Wrong: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East', immediately strikes the eye of the reader as potentially, perhaps dangerously judgmental in its nature. The writer notes that Lewis' book, for all of its faults, does express a very common view, that there is something inherently dangerous about the Islamic world, and the way that it interacts with the rest of the world. In articulating this thesis, the writer discusses that Lewis does at least dare to bring this question about Islam to the forefront of discussion, a question that many persons are afraid to ask. The writer concludes that Lewis' refusal to judge Christianity in the same terms as he does Islam makes his book difficult to respect.
From the Paper
"The influence of Islam makes itself felt in many regions within the Middle East, and many nations, and all have their own unique complexities. Finally, the title also suggests that this 'Islam' is anti-modern in a way that is wrong and problematic, specifically with the nature of the religion, rather than with some of the leaders of nations or groups who might have been Muslim persons and committed wrongdoing."
"A bad or simplistic title does not necessarily mean that the author has written a bad or inaccurate book. But in this case, the title unfortunately provides clues as to Lewis' schematic interpretation of Middle Eastern history. Even in early modernity, Lewis does not allow for any possible good things to come from Islam. He begins, not with a discussion of the tenants of the faith in an effort to make them comprehensible in the terms of his Western readership, but with wars and clashes of civilizations."
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C. S. Lewis, 2002.
This paper is a critique of C. S. Lewis.
3,500 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and works of C. S. Lewis. The author shows how C. S. Lewis took the everyday questions about religion and faith, tackling them head-on. It is illustrated with various examples how Lewis was a Christian writer who was deeply influenced by the teachings of God and His Scripture, although Lewis?s views differ greatly from the fundamentalist view of scripture.
From the Paper
"CS Lewis was born, in 1898, in Belfast, Ireland. He was educated at various schools throughout England (Hooper, 1996). In 1914, he began studying Latin, Greek, French, German and Italian and later moved to Oxford. His education was disrupted by the first World War but within two years, he resumed his studies.
In 1924, Lewis became a teacher of Literature and Language at Magdalen College in Oxford, where he remained until 1954. During this time, he wrote the majority of his work. Lewis later moved to Cambridge where he spent the rest of his life teaching Medieval and Renaissance Literature."
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The Lewis and Clark Expedition, 2005.
This paper discusses Lewis and Clark expedition in the early 1800s, a symbol of the expansion of America
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Lewis and Clark were not the first explorers to cross North America by land, but the Lewis and Clark expedition was monumental because President Thomas Jefferson arranged the journey, the expectations of the expedition, the members of the Corps of Discovery and the overall achievements. The author points out that some of the major achievements were knowledge gained about the Western lands through the maps of rivers, mountains and terrain, the discovery of almost 400 new species of plants and animals and the strengthening of the American claims on the territories of the West. The paper relates that not only are the names of Lewis and Clark famous from this expedition but also the names of York, a black slave, and Sacagawea, an Indian woman.
Outline
I. Why Jefferson wanted the West
A. It was a really long distance to travel
B. States allowed access to Louisiana
1. Louisiana obtained through Louisiana purchase
2. New Orleans had access to world through port
C. Land important status symbol
1. Jefferson and Washington both Virginia land owners
D. Vision of coast to coast land united
II. Preparing for the Expedition
A. Earlier explorer had made the journey
B. Congress made decision
1. Expedition would have twelve men
2. Would have budget of $2500
C. Group would need wide knowledge
1. Botany
2. Geology
3. Wildlife
4. Mapping terrain
III. Establishment of group
A. Dubbed "The Corp of Discovery"
B. Jefferson elected Captain Meriwether Lewis
C. Clark elected partner William Clark
D. Clark brought Black slave York
E. Joined later by Native American woman Sacagawea
F. Only member to die on trip was Sergeant Charles Floyd
IV. The Journey
A. Began May 14 from Camp Dubois
B. Followed Missouri River
C. Camped at Fort Mandan for first winter
D. Traveled west, crossed Rocky Mountains
E. Reached West coast in December 1805
F. Spent second winter at Fort Clatsop
G. Back home September 1806
V. Achievements
A. Knowledge of West
1. Rivers
2. Mountains
3. Terrain
B. New Species
1. Plants
2. Animals
C. Paved way for American expansion
1. Fur trade
2. Naive American contact
3. Claims on Western territories
D. Would guide Pioneers on part of Oregon Trail
E. Social Achievement through voting
1. Black slave
2. Native American woman
VI. Conclusion
From the Paper
"The expedition would eventually be called the Corps of Discovery, and would have between thirty and forty members in total. Jefferson himself selected the leader for the group, a captain named Meriwether Lewis. Lewis was allowed to select his own partner, and chose William Clark. An interesting fact about Clark is that although he was known by the other members of the expedition, as well as by many history books, as a captain, he was in fact only a Lieutenant, apparently because of delays in Army paperwork. Also on the mission was York, who was the Black slave of Clark. Later on the journey, they would be joined by a Native American woman names Sacagawea, who was of the Shoshone/Hidasta tribe."
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C.S. Lewis, 2002.
An overview of the life and works of C.S. Lewis - 20th century religious writer.
1,879 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This research paper reviews the teachings of Lewis, as reflected in his work and shows how they were largely influenced by his experiences throughout his life. Initially, major events and experiences in Lewis?s life are discussed. In order to demonstrate the thesis of the paper, some of the primary teachings of Lewis are reviewed and discussed in relation to the experiences and events within his life.
From the Paper
"C.S. Lewis (1898-1963) was born in Belfast, Ireland, the younger of two sons; he was named Clive Staples Lewis. Born into a family of book lovers, Lewis spent may hours in his childhood and adolescence reading, entering into the world of authors such as Conan Doyle, E. Nesbit, Mark Twain, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (Olsen, 2000). As reported by Olsen, after his older brother for boarding school in 1905, Lewis became increasingly reclusive, devoting more of his time to reading as well as exploring an imaginary world of "dressed animals" and "knights in armor." In 1908, only three months prior to his birthday, Lewis?s mother died from cancer which served to drive him further into his solitary world (Olsen, 2000). According to Olsen, Lewis?s father never recovered from the loss of his wife, creating a widening sense of estrangement between Lewis and his father."
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Thomas Jefferson and the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 2004.
A look at the impact of Thomas Jefferson's character on the Lewis and Clark expedition.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the impact of Thomas Jefferson's character on the famous Lewis and Clark expedition. The paper explains how Jefferson's character influenced the objectives of the expedition itself as well as the personality of Meriwether Lewis thereby affecting the expedition-related tasks completed by both Lewis and William Clark.
From the Paper
"Thomas Jefferson is perhaps one of America's most admired early statesmen. He is often seen as a man of complex and exemplary character, who through his many efforts played a crucial role in the formation of the new American nation. Jefferson's character was indeed noteworthy, as he was both a known admirer of the natural world, a profound proponent of democracy, and a noted scholar with wide interests. As a child, Jefferson was schooled in a variety of subjects, including Latin and Greek, and he retained an appreciation for learning through his life. In speaking of his ability to read Greek and Latin authors in their original, he noted "I thank on my knees him who directed my early education for having put into my possession this rich source of delight" (Peterson, 7). He was both a diligent student, and developed a love of nature (Peterson)."
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Pain as Represented in the Works of C. S. Lewis and David Morris, 2002.
This essay explores how the issue of pain is reflected in the writings of C.S Lewis and David Morris.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This essay explores the works of David Morris and C. S. Lewis and how each believes that pain contributes to spirituality and faith. Particularly, the paper explores the texts "The Culture of Pain" (Morris) and "A Grief Observed" (Lewis). The author of the paper discusses how pain was treated in the past via religion as "visionary" and how it is treated these days as first crippling, then visionary. The paper shows that Morris believes pain can be visionary?hence his term ?visionary pain? while Lewis believes pain is the instrument not of a cosmic Sadist, but a cosmic Healer.
From the Paper
"The pain C. S. Lewis describes feeling after the death of his wife in A Grief Observed is?at least initially?radically different than the pain David Morris describes in the chapter six, ?Visionary pain and the politics of suffering,? in his book The Culture of Pain. The design of this essay is to explore these two authors, uncovering how each believes pain contributes to spirituality and faith."
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Charity in ?The Four Loves?, by C.S. Lewis, 2002.
A paper which discusses the most important form of love - charity - in C.S. Lewis' book "The Four Loves".
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that associations among the characters of Perelandra, the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe in C.S. Lewis' "The Four Loves" reveal the qualities of primary three kinds of love, namely: erotic love, affection, and friendship. It discusses how the author, however, overwhelms and outshines these three forms by a superior form of love, charity. This is the fourth form of love described by Lewis for being the fountainhead of all loves. The paper shows that in the opinion Lewis, all other forms of love take their origin from charity. It shows how this fact is also obvious in the story that it is not easy to classify the kind of love that exists between two entities - it can even be the case that two or more kinds of love be present in one association simultaneously.
From the Paper
"Ransom's desperation to contact was the culmination of the instinctive desire of making friends in human beings. Though this desire is deeply-rooted in the usual familiarity of all individuals in the world, it is not a ?must?. C.S. Lewis illustrates friendship in The Four Loves as a simulated need and states, ?We can live and breed without friendship.? (The Four Loves, p.58). Ransom?s distraction towards friendship was a ?need-love? case that is profound in humans. Lewis says in relation to this ?need? component of human liking, ?Our craving for the affection of others.? (The Four Loves, p.39)."
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"The Abolition of Man" by C.S. Lewis, 2002.
A review "The Abolition of Man" by C.S. Lewis which reflects on society and nature and the challenges of how best to educate our children.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
"The Abolition of Man" is a defense of Natural Law (Morality). C.S. Lewis argues that we need as a society to underpin reading and writing with lessons on morality and in the process both educate and re-educate ourselves. This paper analyzes his arguments and discusses whether people should live according to their inert feeling that allows them to distinguish between right or wrong or solely by morals.
From the Paper
"In the first essay of The Abolition of Man, C. S. Lewis argues that young people should not have their feelings severed. They should be able to coexist with their emotions. He believes that children need to have a foundation of sensitivity so they know right from wrong. The heart harbors sensitivity and the head is charge of justness. The head should overrule what is in the heart if necessary, but the feeling should still exist. Men are created without chests. They are told that they should have motivation and drive. They should achieve in business. They should be powerful rulers, yet they have no hearts."
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The Lewis and Clarke Expedition, 2002.
Discusses the objective and historical significance of the Lewis and Clarke expedition.
2,033 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly recounts the historic Lewis and Clarke expedition, provides a short biography of Lewis, Clarke, and Sacagawea, discusses the expedition's impact on native Indian culture and the scientific importance of the expedition.
From the Paper
"The Lewis and Clarke expedition was a phenomenal one that had a significant impact on the American nation in terms of both geographical expansion and the cultural influence. The exploration was the outcome of the long cherished dream and vision of President Jefferson. The project, which was envisioned by Jefferson, was led by Meriwether Lewis, a twenty eight-year-old army officer together with his friend William Clark a 32-year-old army man. The expedition was basically a commercial exploration that was planned to look into the possibility of using the Mississippi River as a communication route and increasing the trade with the native Indians. Jefferson organized a contingent to explore the hitherto uncharted territory and to discover a northwest route. Let us look into the details of this all important and interesting adventure, which had significant bearings on the whole of the American nation."
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