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Working in the Late 1800s, 2006.
An overview of the poor working conditions that the lower class was exposed to in the late 19th century.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
Many historians have celebrated the positive side effects of rapid industrialization, citing such favorable consequences as medicinal advancements, housing advancements, steam engines, electrical engines, gas powered engines, automobiles and planes. This paper shows, however, that what lay in the shadows of industrialization was a story of heart wrenching poverty, 16-hour workdays, physical beatings, starvation, unsafe and unhealthy factories, child labor, increased mortality rates, disease and low wages. Few realize the hardships that new urban families had to endure in order to survive. The paper argues that while political leaders and the wealthy upper class drenched themselves in the profits of industrialization, the lower class was forced to carry out the backbreaking work that paid so little.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Women
Children
The Impact and Today
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Families had little choice but to place their children in the factories, the family required the income to make ends meet. Realizing the growing problem of child labor during the Industrial Revolution, Britain's Michael Sadler headed a parliamentary investigation in 1832 which showed similar results to the plight in American factories. The investigation found that children were woken as early as four in the morning by their parents, and were at work by five a.m., at which time they would work until they received a 40-minute break at noontime. After this break the child was expected to work until dusk, usually seven or eight p.m., at which point they were allowed to go home."
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The Changing Role of Women in the Late 1800s., 2001.
This paper discusses the novel "A Hazard of New Fortunes" by William Dean Howells.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literary analysis of William Dean Howells' novel regarding the rapid change in the women's movement at the end of the 19th century in "A Hazard of New Fortunes". The author discusses and contrasts women of the future, like character Alma Leighton, with the very traditional woman, like Mrs. March. The paper also expresses the view that Howells preferred Mrs. March to the more radical Alma.
From the Paper
"In ?A Hazard of New Fortunes?, William Dean Howells explores a number of themes through the interaction of the major characters in the novel. Much of his focus revolves around the women in the book and the interaction of these women with each other and with men. Howells writes about issues contemporary to the time of the book?s publication in 1890. Not coincidentally the 1880s marked the beginning of a significant upsurge in the women?s movement. ?A Hazard of New Fortunes? presents women who abide by the old values in contrast to women who have begun to adopt the values that eventually lead to full suffrage for women, more education opportunities for women, and more career choices for women."
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The Robber Barons: American Capitalists of the Late Nineteenth Century, 2002.
This is an examination and critical evaluation of the 'Robber Barons' of the late 1800s.
2,590 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper is an evaluation of the legendary 'Robber Barons,' the American capitalists of the late 1800s, and their short and long-term impact on American society. The paper looks at men like Carnegie, Rockefeller and Gould and tries to determine whether they were good or evil men. The author looks at whether their actions caused permanent harm to America, or whether they helped to build the powerful industrial state we live in today.
From the Paper
"Finally, if these men were truly ?robber barons,? I do not think they would have disposed of such vast amounts of their ?stolen? wealth in positive ways through philanthropy. One cannot ignore the endowments and gifts that some of the early capitalists made that continue to benefit many in the world to this day. Carnegie gave away over $350 million for a large variety of projects, almost all of his wealth, before he died. Rockefeller unleashed $550 million, focusing on medical research that resulted in a treatment for meningitis and a vaccine for Yellow Fever. Both men gave freely to educational endeavors. Josephson touches on this in discussing the generosity of the robber barons, but calls the many millions given (billions in today?s money) as attempts to ?extend their sway over the social order? and to control higher education and the freedom of expression (324-325). The fact that a fair number of these men did attempt at times to help their fellow man with their riches, led religious and moral personal lives outside of their businesses, and rose from the same poor stock as the rest of their countrymen needs to be taken into account, and Josephson?s bitter dismissal of their philanthropy ignores the simple fact that more good came from this generosity than bad."
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"Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee", 2002.
An analysis of Dee Brown's text on the battles against the Native Americans during the late 1800s.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Dee Brown's "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee" is a deeply researched account of the destruction of the American Indian in the late 1800s, ending at the Battle of Wounded Knee. "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee", opens a door into our past. As with any book of this sort, "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee" has a few shortcomings.
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Feminism in Impressionistic Art, 2002.
A look at feminist part from the late 1800s/early 1900s.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explores several paintings from the late 1800s/early 1900s by Edouard Manet, Berthe Morisot, and Edgar Degas.
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Scramble for Africa and the Berlin Conference, 2004.
An examination of the history of the colonization of Africa in the late 1800s and the consequential Berlin Conference in 1884.
1,024 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly discusses the period of history known as the 'scramble for Africa' when European countries tried to colonize as much of Africa as possible in the late 1800s until the start of WWI. It looks at the political, social, and nationalistic reasons for this hype and, in turn, discusses the resulting need for the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885. It explains how this conference was necessary to make international 'rules' about colonization.
From the Paper
"The competition among the European nations to colonize Africa led to the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885. This was necessary because of the intense amount of treaty-making and colony-building by the competing European nations, and it became a three-month bargaining session among the 14 attending nations regarding who would gain control over what parts of Africa, without regard for the cultural boundaries already in place. The nations attending were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden and Norway, Turkey and the United States. (Wikipedia) The main purposes of the conference became assuring nations access to major trade routes, suppressing the internal slave trade in Africa, banning the importation of firearms into Africa, and discussion of the occupation of territories. ?The result of this conference was a treaty called the Treaty of Berlin. By 1900, almost 90% of Africa was under European control.? (Bergstrom)
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Late Mover Advantages in e-Commerce, 2008.
A complete research project validating late mover advantages in e-commerce.
10,525 words (approx. 42.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 210.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although early mover advantage is often seen as the preferred method of market entry, in e-commerce, late movers can outperform and gain a higher level of trust with customers, by synchronizing all relevant systems through the use of the late mover process framework defined in this dissertation. This research is based on seven major hypotheses relating to a late mover e-commerce strategy. The author describes a multi-phased approach to the research design, based on qualitative research completed through the case study method in addition to the use of statistical analysis on a late mover company's relevant data in terms of transaction volumes and velocities of order management systems specifically. Several figures, tables, and graphs are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Use of PIMS in Evaluating New Market Entrants
Apple's iPod: Sustainable First Mover Advantage based on Process Efficiency
Contributions to Research
Statement of Research Question and/or Hypotheses
Research Design
Methodology
Research Objectives
Secondary Data Collection
Primary Data Collection
Research Strategies for the Literature Study
Procedure
Quantitative Research
Results
Table: Late Mover Advantage in Mass Customization
Late Mover Trust Infrastructure Components
Late Mover Factors in Velocity
Late Mover Displacement Strategies
Early Mover Mistakes that Lead to Late Mover Wins
Late Mover Processes that Lead to Trusted Advisor Status
Late Mover Failed Processes
Discussion
Figure: Proposed Late Mover Process Framework
Defining the Late Mover Maturity Model
Late Mover Maturity Model Assumptions
Late Mover Maturity Model Implications for Manufacturing and E-Commerce
Qualitative Research Using Interviews
Discussion
Abstract
Appendices
Appendix: PIMS Variables Analyzed
Timescale
From the Paper
"Despite much of the secondary research showing that aggressive pricing is ineffective, this is the most common late market entrant strategy, according to industry experts this is because late movers assume that markets they are entering are much more price elastic than they really are. While in high tech this practice of entering new markets by aggressive pricing strategies sometimes is responded to with bundling (which is a strategic error in the part of early movers protecting market share) the most common defensive strategy is to create more opportunities for customers to participate in the product development process."
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The Acceleration of Foreign Aggression against China, 2004.
Examines the influence of foreign powers in China in the late 1800s.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
By the late 19th century, many educated Chinese had become deeply disillusioned with their culture because neither Confucianism nor anything else within the Chinese tradition seemed adequate to meet the challenge of Western and Japanese imperialism. The potent fear that the foreigners would carve up China until it ceased to exist as an independent entity, together with increasing despair over the ineptitude of China?s Manchu rulers, encouraged the growth of nationalist sentiment whose ultimate goal was a return to autonomy. This paper examines how, in foreign affairs during the 1860s, 1870s, and 1880s, China suffered a number of setbacks from foreign aggressors. One specific Western power was France, which had had previous relationships with China and then began moving into the area of Annam, or modern-day Vietnam.
From the Paper
"The French discovered an alternate route that would facilitate better trading routes within China?s Yunnan province. They looked towards seizing parts of north Annam. In 1874 a new treaty was signed which announced French control of Cochin China, the right to control Annamese foreign relationships, and navigation along the Red River. China had other internal and foreign issues occupying its governmental spectrum and took no action against France for stating its control over Annam. China ignored the treaty of 1874 under the pretence that Annam already was a tributary state under its control. French expansion into Indochina met with other foreign approval in Europe."
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U.S. Foreign Affairs, 2006.
A review of American foreign policy in the late 1800s, focusing on the Spanish-American War and Senator Redfield Proctor.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of U.S. foreign policy, starting with the year, 1898. According to the paper, one of the driving goals of 19th century U.S. foreign policy had been to eradicate the oppressive influence of the European powers from the Western Hemisphere.
From the Paper
"It is also in sympathy with the emerging movements for independence in the nations of this region that Cuba cries out for our aid. America supports the liberty and national self-determination of the nations of all of the Americas, as it too was once a colonial power, withering under the tyrannical policies of a European monarchical government. In light of its longstanding policy, its history, and the love of liberty in the "Spirit of 1776" within the hearts of its populace, the United States has been at the forefront of the Pan-American movement whose objective is to ensure that the European powers do not transgress the right of self-determination of other, independent nations or nations seeking their independence such as Cuba. (Paterson, 1998, p.6) "
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The Struggle for Women?s Rights, 2004.
A discussion of the history of the struggle for women's rights in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
1,312 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the main players in the fight for gender equality at the turn of the last century. It mentions key events and significant achievements of these suffragettes who fought their right to vote, to own property, and to assume leadership positions. It also looks at the establishment of the first feminist movements.
From the Paper
"On July 13, 1848, the Women?s Rights Movement began (Degler, 1980). Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a housewife and mother, talked about the status of women during a tea with four female friends. Stanton talked about her dissatisfaction with the limitations placed on women under America's new democracy, asking her friends to think about why women did not enjoy the same freedom as men, despite the fact that they had taken equal risks during the American Revolution (Degler, p. 96). Stanton and her friends agreed that the new republic would be better if women could take on greater roles in society. The women developed a plan to change things."
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The Alliance Movement, 2006.
A paper on the Alliance movement of the late 1800s that originated in the south as a response to farmers' grievances.
1,581 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a history of the Alliance movement, explaining that it began as a response by farmers to their long-held grievances against railroads, lenders, grain-elevator owners, and others with whom they did business. The paper explains how the Alliance movement early on turned to politics to further their demands, implementing a successful strategy that eventually formed the Populist party. The paper then looks at the struggles the Populist party began to face after its creation, its eventual demise as well as how some of the ideas from the Populist platform survived into the new century.
From the Paper
"The southern alliance began in Texas in 1875 but did not assume major proportions until Dr. Charles W. Macune took over the leadership in 1886. Its agents spread across the South, where farmers were fed up with crop liens, depleted lands, and sharecropping. By 1890, the Southern Alliance claimed more than a million members. Like the Grange, the Alliance distributed educational materials, and it also established cooperative grain elevators, marketing associations, and retail stores."
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The History of Coney Island, 2003.
A look into the role of the Coney Island area and attractions from its beginnings as a retreat for New Yorkers in the late 1800s to a thriving amusement park that peaked in the mid 1900s.
5,586 words (approx. 22.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of the Coney Island area historically and as a symbol of New York City. The first section deals with the rich history of Coney Island, beginning as a hotel resort for New Yorkers to visit during vacations. Coney Island landmarks, such as the Coney Island Elephant Hotel and The Iron Tower are discussed with their individual history given. The competition among New York businessmen to develop the area is also investigated, showing how rivals would fight each other viciously over the prime real estate. The paper then talks about the amusement park era and how Coney Island began to transform itself into a nationally recognized location. A section of the paper is also dedicated to the famous Coney Island Freak Show. Finally, the historical section of the paper ends with the lag in business that hit the area after World War II and how Coney Island exists in modernity as a throwback to past generations. The second section of the paper deals with how Coney Island has become a center of cultural pride for New Yorkers.
From the Paper
"Coney Island represented a shift from the old Victorian mentality that many New Yorkers felt during most of the 1800s and into a new outlook of association that contained all citizens of New York City, not just the rich. The privilege of enjoyment was no longer reserved for those with money, but the low prices and massive amount of commercialism that Coney Island would become famous for would aid in the evolution of the city into becoming the representation of all that is America. In light of this optimism, Coney Island also had a darker side. Despite the cultural diversity and economic success the amusement center produced, the achievements concealed the exploitation of certain groups and the corruption that went along with the construction of such a major center of entertainment."
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Willa Cather's "O Pioneers!", 2005.
This paper discusses Willa Cather's 'O Pioneers!', her second published novel, about homesteaders in Nebraska in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
2,715 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 0 sources, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the protagonist in Willa Cather's 'O Pioneers!' is a woman, Swedish by birth, who worked her land up to rich production and brought prosperity to her whole family; for the time the novel was written, this was somewhat out of the ordinary. The author is impressed by the way Cather set the mood in her story by beginning with a Great Plains winter scene as the backdrop to the struggle of the Borgson family, which was going to lose their father no matter what anyone did. The paper stresses that, in the time and place O Pioneers! was written, a father was the one with the power, not the mother, and the attitudes expressed by the brothers also provide a clear denunciation of patriarchy.
From the Paper
"Perhaps in our time it is difficult to imagine that people would actually just do what they were told by a dying father but that was the world of late Victorian America and I believe that in setting the story as she did, the case can be made that Cather did criticize patriarchy. She made it very plain. If the father had not commanded, the brothers would have been in charge and Alexandra's fine capabilities would have been relegated to the kitchen. As the story progresses it isn't hard to see what would have happened to the family farm if the brothers had been running things. They are not only easily discouraged, but time and again it is shown that they just plain don't have Alexandra's ability to look at a situation and see a creative, positive way to deal with it. She not only keeps the original homestead, but as others in the areas do give up under drought and other challenges, she mortgages the home farm to buy these places as well."
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Late Industrialization and its Consequences, 2004.
Questions whether the theory of 'late industrialization' explains the origins of critical institutional differences between the major economies.
2,424 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
There are three major theories, namely Abramovitz, Peter and Soete and Gerschenkron, which try to explain the differences of early and late industrialization. However, this essay only focuses on Gerschenkron's theory as it is his theory which concentrates on the attempt to explain the origins of critical institutional differences between major economies. Furthermore, with the help of this explanation, this essay shows in what ways it might account for variations in national performance. First, this essay presents Gerschenkron's theory. It then shows how his theory can be applied to the practical example of South Korea - which, with major institutional involvement, achieved within only 30 years a giant step from an agricultural country devastated by wars, to one of the major industrial countries in today's world.
1. Introduction
2. Gerschenkron's Theory of Late Industrialization
2.1 A Differentiated System
2.2 Backwardness
2.3 Prerequisites for Late Industrialization
2.4 Realisation Through Institutions
3. South Korea's Late Industrialization
3.1 South Korea's Backwardness
3.2 The Role of the State
3.3 Chaebols
3.4 Variations in National Performance
4. Conclusion
5. Reference List
From the Paper
"Starting in the late 18th century, Britain was the first country which experienced the process of industrialisation, i.e. the development from an agricultural into a manufacturing based economy (wissen.de, 2003). Britain is therefore referred to as the forerunner and embodiment of 'early industrialisation'. All countries, which started the process of industrialisation after Britain such as Germany, other European countries, Russia and Japan in the 19th century as well as in the 20th century countries from the developing world such as South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore underwent 'late industrialisation' and are referred to as latecomers."
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Late-Term Abortion, 2006.
An opinionated discussion on late-term abortion.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper gives a brief overview of late-term abortion, its definition and the reasons for this type of abortion. It continues to discuss the physical effects of late-term abortion on both the mother and the fetus. It also expands of the traumatic psychological effects on the mother and her partner post abortion. In conclusion the author of the paper offers an opinion against third-trimester abortion.
From the Paper
"Third-trimester or late-term abortions are usually procedures that take two to three days to complete. The abortion itself is performed on the second or third day once the cervix has dilated wide enough to ensure that the fetus can be safely extracted or expelled. In most cases, fetal demise occurs the first day of laminaria insertion, being "a cone of dried seaweed that swells as it absorbs water and thus dilates the cervix non-traumatically in preparation for induced abortion or induced labor" (Dwyer 89). The drugs that are used during this procedure are digoxin and lidocaine which are inserted directly into the uterus. Once dilation is complete, late-term abortions usually take two to four hours and are performed with IV sedation or a general anesthetic."
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