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Women's Portrayal on Television, 2002.
A look at African American women and television roles.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines contemporary portrayals of women on television with particular attention to women of colour. This paper sets the stage for Hollywood's portrayal of women by briefly considering sit-coms. Then the discussion shifts to portrayals of minority women on television.
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Black Women on Early Television, 2004.
Examines the roles that black women played in the early era of television.
2,246 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the negative roles that black women played in the early days of television. The paper takes a look at how, in the early days of television, the roles of black women were limited to playing mammies; it then takes a look at the roles of black women that were labeled as being too white. Additionally, the paper examines the stereotypical roles that were portrayed on television throughout the 70s. The paper begins with a brief discussion and synopsis of the types of roles that black people played on television and how it affected the way they were treated in everyday life.
From the Paper
"As we can see from the aforementioned research, during the early era of television Blacks played very limited roles. These roles were not an accurate depiction of Black people or Black life. The perpetuation of these images was controlled by White producers and writers and Black actors were forced to choose between having a job and not playing roles that propagated stereotypes of Black people. Many people were opposed to the images that they saw on television and these images have been studied and scrutinized in the years since these images were first seen."
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Women in Television Drama, 2000.
This paper analyzes research investigating the portrayal of women in daytime and prime-time television drama from the early 1970s to the 1990s.
5,415 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that research findings indicate, especially in the 1970s, that women were under-represented and constrained to the narrow mold of housewives and mothers, both in daytime and prime-time television drama. The author points out that the women's movement has had a noticeable effect on the depiction of women; however, there are still traits of under-representation of woman, even in the 1990s and 2000s. The paper relates that researchers disagree as to whether the daytime portrayal of women is relatively more positive in daytime drama than in prime-time drama; however, the researchers do concur that, in both these time periods, women are portrayed as being incompetent in keeping the patriarchal system from interfering with their lives. The paper includes many quotations several of which are embedded in the text.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Early 1970's
A Turning Point: Cagney and Lacey
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"With the overt manifestations of women's movement, questioning conventional cultural perceptions of femininity in various spheres such as labor, family, sexuality and economy, prime-time network television began its quest to respond to these new discourses. In the late 1970s, prime-time television "was generating portrayals of women that drew-in various ways and to varying degrees-on the new feminist consciousness, particularly that of the U.S. liberal women's movement." "Cagney and Lacey" provided a sharp contrast to the conventional images of women on television and met the multidimensional character imposed by the woman movement's discourses."
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Portrayal of Overweight vs. Thin Women in American Television Series, 2003.
Compares how overweight and thin women are portrayed on American television series. Cites "Everybody Loves Raymond," "The Drew Carey Show" and "The Parkers."
1,127 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on how overweight women are portrayed in American television, stressing the comical roles in which unattractive women are cast. While thin, attractive women are prevailing with more dominant, powerful roles, overweight female characters are cast in demeaning roles. Given the dominant role allows an attractive woman to address important women's issues, where her overweight counterpart is often cast in roles that confine her to the undesirable stereotype of of the pushy, nosy, nit-picker.
From the Paper
"Over the past few years, actresses have found themselves in greater positions of freedom with regards to the roles open and offered to them. Women are prevailing in television with more dominant, powerful roles and given a chance to address issues that concern the female public. However, it is usually the younger, thin women who get to stretch the limits of society. They get to explore roles of sexual and personal liberation. Thin women are shown as holding high positions in the economic world as well as having the ability to attract many men. For the most part, their older, overweight counterparts are still confined to roles that portray them as intrusive busybodies. When they push these attitudes beyond the normal social expectations, they become the joke of other characters and must then deal with their ridicule. Overweight female characters in sitcoms are demeaned and made fun of by other characters in the show. They are often characterized by overly flamboyant clothes, makeup and personalities, and as a result the other characters show a slight fear of them. These roles are especially prevalent in the evening situational comedies that one might watch."
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Women on Television, 2001.
Analysis of changing role of women & media portrayals; societal impact; distorted images of women on TV. Examples of TV shows.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The role of women on television has changed over the history of the medium, reflecting changes in the society over the same period. Social roles for women have changed since World War II. Media portrayals of women have been criticized for some time, and television in particular is seen as distorting many facets of American life in pursuit of commercial interests. Movies are accused of ignoring women more and more in our mass culture, and advertising in magazines and newspapers is seen as presenting a distorted view of women in particular, using them as sex objects to sell products. Television is perhaps our most immediate mass medium, entering our homes 24 hours a day, and the image of women on television has a particular power. By the 1970s, women's roles were changing form the more traditional to a somewhat different emphasis on..."
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Women On Television, 1999.
Examines the changing portrayals and roles of women in programming and advertising and the negative socializing effects on children.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The nature of the relationship between women and the mass media has been considered in recent years by sociologists and psychologists as well as media critics, in part based on a concern that the way women are portrayed in the media has a deleterious effect on the way women are viewed in society at large.
From the Paper
"The nature of the relationship between women and the mass media has been considered in recent years by sociologists and psychologists as well as media critics, in part based on a concern that the way women are portrayed in the media has a deleterious effect on the way women are viewed in society at large. Women's roles in society have been changing through the determined efforts of feminists and sympathetic political groups over the past two decades, and some of these changes are clearly reflected on television, in film, and in other media portrayals. At the same time, it is evident that progress in changing media portrayals is behind the curve as far as the degree of equality that should be depicted, the roles given to women in the media, and the roles women play behind the scenes in the media as well. An examination of the portrayal of women in the mass media will ..."
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The Depiction of Women in 1950s Television Sitcoms, 2000.
A look at the extent to which the role of women in 1950s TV sitcoms is a parallel of popular culture of the time.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 10 sources, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the images of women that were portrayed in 1950s TV sitcoms and examines to what extent these images give us an insight into popular culture of the time.
From the Paper
"The most stereotypical portrayals of gender are spread through communication media, especially television. Often, trends in television give us insight into the shifting meanings of gender in popular culture. For example, television in the fifties portrayed a wonderful world of perfect homes in a perfect America. In this world the mothers never worked, the families were happy, and problems were always solved within a half hour. Women had a clearly defined, fixed role, says Spigel, ?The essential function of women was that of caretaker, mother, and sexual partner. The domestic woman needed to save her energy for housekeeping, childrearing, and an active (monogamous) sex life with her husband?
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Analysis of Women in TV Commercials, 2002.
A paper which examines the portrayal of women through television advertising and its cultural and economic effects.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
Despite constant pleas from feminists to TV advertisers to start portraying women accurately, erroneous and limiting stereotypes still prevail. If women are not depicted as the happy homemaker, they are being promoted as nameless, faceless objects of desire. These labels contribute much to impeding women's advancement into the traditionally male-dominated political, economic and social arenas. This paper defines what the images of women are that are projected through television commercials as well as determine the economic and cultural influences that mitigate such stereotypes. The writer shows that only in identifying the problem and measuring its gravity can we start to effectively reverse such restrictive portrayals of women in TV advertisements.
From the Paper
"It is interesting to note that there are not any absolute rules or codes of conduct for the advertising industry. It is understood that governments do not intervene directly in terms of advertising content as long as the content does not violate any universal definitions of decency. Normally there is an industry organisation that regulates the kinds of material bombarded on the public. Glory Dharmaraj, the Women's Division executive secretary for justice education recognizes that advertisers, sponsors and television writers control the media, "Viewers may not pay to watch TV but they buy the advertised products . . . [Mass media]'s first responsibility is not to tell the truth, or even to [viewers], but to corporate America." There aren't any hard and fast solutions to this problem but in the long term, it is believed that if there were to be a substantial increase in the number of women occupying positions of power and authority in the media industry as well as in big business, this would contribute much to addressing this dilemma. And who knows, maybe a few decades from now the focus will shift from one of inaccurate portrayals of women in television advertising to inaccurate portrayals of men in television advertising."
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Women in Advertising, 2006.
An analysis of the problematic portrayal of women in television and print advertisements.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the inaccurate and sexist ways in which women are portrayed in advertising -- most often either as completely domesticated (housewives) or completely sexualized. The author explains that while television programs often now depict women in their professional capacity, the advertising industry is still based on a patriarchal ideology, which inaccurately portrays women. The paper studies the effect of this portrayal on women, men and society as a whole, and makes suggestions to rectify the inaccuracies.
From the Paper
"Even more harmful than the stereotyping of women through advertising is their portrayal in pornographically explicit material. There has been a vast increase of such material in both the television and print media. The women that are part of this industry earn a substantial income from it. However, the effects upon society are far more harmful than they are beneficial. The trivialization and objectification of women in this way has led to a large extent to minor and major sex crimes such as rape and coersion to have sex. Harrassment and and traditional views of sex roles are also a consequence of the deliberately degrading function of stereotypical images in pornographic material. Women are normally shown to be passive and submissive in the sex act, while males are active."
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American Television in the 1980s, 2004.
This paper discusses the problems of American television in the 1980s, television's cultural history, the postmodern television consumer culture as explored in DeLillo?s ?White Noise? and Wallace?s ?Girl with Curious Hair", and television sports.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the decade of the 1980s is seen as the explosion of television culture in terms of the proliferation of networks and the availability of programming through the cable. The author points out that Wallace and DeLillo are both concerned with postmodern characters that are absent internal selves, or rather, characters that seem to be informed of behavior primarily through the use of television. The author believes that sports on television now seems to be as dysfunctional as the nuclear family: a series of different schedules with a lot of hype, dreams or delusions of grandeur, with no meaningful connection to the simple love of the game.
Table of Contents
Cultural History of American Television
The Postmodern Television Consumer Culture: ?White Noise? and ?Girl with Curious Hair?
Television?s Impact on Sports
From the Paper
"The FCC continued to be the regulating body that determined what would be permissible for the American public to view. However, the Reagan administration that preached supply-side economics, believed that deregulation was the best method of growing the economy given the many slow-downs that dominated the 1970?s. ?For FCC chairman (Reagan appointee) [Mark] Fowler, the only kind of regulation that was legitimate came from the market itself, and he made this clear to gleeful industry executives from his earliest days in office? (Steyer 137). Fowler also acknowledged that such regulation should be at the hands of media and broadcasting executives because they had first hand knowledge of what Americans really wanted to see. Ironically, it seemed that the Reagan administration passively promoted a liberal media that looked for alternative methods of programming even though the business executives would assess its effectiveness and its decency."
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Television and Politics, 2006.
A discussion of how television has changed politics.
1,994 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the impact that television has on American society, and especially in the field of politics. This includes how television is used as a means to celebrate America's positive qualities, such as in the aftermath of World War II. The paper explains how television has influenced politics in America, with examples such as the famous debate between Richard M. Nixon and John Fitzgerald Kennedy in the 1950s. It also mentions how television has a direct effect on women's perceptions of themselves and of what they desire in a politician. The paper further discusses the rise in acceptance of Freudian psychoanalysis and the "dumbing" down of knowledge received through the television. It concludes that television has led to the start of the erosion of political intelligence in the American public.
Introduction
Truth in Broadcasting
Coming to You 'Live' from the Universe
Freud and the American Political Animal
Lifting Up or Dumbing Down?
Women and Broadcasting
Changing a Way of Life
Works Cited
From the Paper
" Until the advent of commercial television in the United States in the early 1950s, political campaigns in this country depended on newspapers, magazines and radio shows to reach the American people, and town hall meetings were still used as well, arguably for more than the 'photo ops' they provide to TV news crews these days. Anyone who was treated to the 'dueling banjos' of the last presidential campaign, in which the 'fight songs' of Bush and Kerry were played in endless counterpoint on every TV station in the nation, must wonder how much TV had changed politics, making the entire event into a media circus rather than what it once is rumored to have been, an exchange of ideas about how best to continue the great experiment that is American democracy."
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Television Media in France, 2006.
This paper explores television media in France and how it has changed over time.
1,817 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the development of the television media in France and examines the ownership of the television channels, including the role of the government in controlling the television media. The paper looks at the program content, such as the different genres of shows featured on television including which are most popular and offers examples of specific television shows and their ratings. The writer illustrates this and notes how the phenomenal rise distinctly reflects the mushrooming of available channels. The paper also provides a brief comparison of the similarity between the television content in France and America.
Contents:
Development of the Television Media in France
Ownership
The role of the Government in Controlling the Television Media
The Program Content...
Examples of Specific Television Shows and Their Ratings
Recent Developments in the Television Media...
A Brief Comparison...
From the Paper
"Ever since the dawn of television since the initial part of 1970, broadcasting in France was controlled by a public service culture and an administrative philosophy. Under the strict administration of the Minister of Information, and subsequently of Culture and sometimes of Communication, broadcasting was managed by a single functionary, the Office of French Radio and Television -- ORTF. Till 1968, the body was fully funded by license fees and enjoyed the status of a unique triple monopoly on signal transmission, programming content and production. Commercial broadcasting was disallowed on the justification that it would result in mediocre programming or disparities among viewers. This initial phase of broadcasting was marked by extremely high authoritarian broadcasting and television was considered as a tool for promotion of culture and education and was not believed to fulfill the preferences of the majority. Accountability was absent and little audience research. Government used the medium to justify its political moves and controlled news content. President Georges Pompidou declared in 1970 that the television was the voice of people of France at home and overseas implying that television was supposed to symbolize the opinion of the legitimate Government and the cultural resources of the French nation."
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The History of Television, 2003.
Looks at the history of the television from its inception in 1872 to the digital television of today.
2,201 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the main stages of the invention and development of the television set. It looks at how the birth of television was the result of several inventions from several different men and started back around 1872 during what is called the "Mechanical TV Era" when the first series of images were viewed in one continuous string using a stroboscopic disc. It follows its development through the world's first public demonstration of a mechanical television apparatus in 1926 and the advent of color television in the 1950's to the digital television of today and its convergence with computers.
From the Paper
"In 1963 Instant replay is invented and introduced into televised sports, adding a new dimension when it's featured in a telecast of an Army-Navy football game. In 1964, it becomes a standard technique and goes on to become controversial in the NFL. FCC issues its first cable regulation: Operators are required to black out programming that comes in from distant markets and duplicates a local market station's own programming, if the local station demands it. There are about 1 million homes wired for cable in the U.S. at the time. In 1965 Color TV becomes an every day appearance as NBC leads the way and begins to use the phrase ?The Full Color Network" By the end of the year, 96% of NBC shows are broadcast in color, along with all major programs, sports events, and specials. In 1968 TV manufacturers turn out 11.4 million new TV sets, up from 5.7 million TV sets that were made in 1960. "
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Television, 2002.
This paper discusses the effects of television on society.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effects of television on society. This paper examines how television affects people?s perceptions of gender and racial inequity. The author explores how the same medium that limits our perceptions of gender and race can also provide a platform to challenge these stereotypes, looking at whether television has helped to create and perpetuate perceptions of gender and race.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Television and Perceptions of Gender
How Children form Ideas about Gender
Perpetuating Gender Myths through Entertainment Programming
Gender Portrayals on Prime Time News
Racial Stereotypes on Television
Television Shaping the Perception of Black People
Television Stereotyping Asian-Americans as the Model Minority
Television's Role in Colonial Domination of American Indians.
Conclusion and Change
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to data from the Nielsen Media Research, children aged 16 and younger have, on average, spent more time watching television than going to school. Preschoolers spend an average of nearly 30 hours a week watching television. Communications scholar Susan Witt suggests that children spend more time watching television than they spend on anything else except sleeping (Witt). Given that figure, it should be no surprise that most children will form their first durable ideas about gender roles based on images from television."
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Digital Television and the Law, 2004.
An analysis of digital television and a comparison of digital and analog television.
3,714 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses digital television, comparing it to analog television. The paper presents an explanation and assessment of the current laws and mandates regarding digital television in America and in the United Kingdom. The paper explores the technology involved and provides examples of several cable companies that offer digital television.
From the Paper
"Though some providers of digital television like Sky claim that weather conditions do not affect the clarity of images on digital television, this fact has been demonstrated as not being true. Weather does affect digital images and there is a certain amount of corruption present. In fact, though the images are better than those of analogous television, the limitations of the compression technology that is used for digital television is apparent in the manner in which ?digital artifacts? or ?after images? as they are better known occur on the television when the picture changes much too fast, or even when other channels are fighting for the same bandwidth at the same time. Digital television must not be confused with ?high definition? television; in fact digital television occupies the same number of lines of 625, as the analogous television."
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