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Women and Retirement, 2002.
Examines the growing fiscal health problem many women face upon retirement.
3,775 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Recent reports highlight how the gender gap in wages affects women's retirement as well. According to a report from the Women's Institute for a Secure Retirement (WISER), older women are twice as likely as men to be poor after retiring. Compared to their male counterparts, older women have to make do with less Social Security benefits, fewer and smaller pensions and less individual savings. This paper examines the growing fiscal health problem many women face upon retirement. Instead of having a nest egg to live upon, many women face the real possibility of poverty, even after retiring from a lifetime of hard work.
The first part of the paper presents a general picture of the fiscal resources available to and problems faced by women upon their retirement. In addition to this general picture, the paper pays special attention to the problems faced by minorities like Hispanic and African-American women. The next part of the paper looks at the factors behind these problems, such as divorce, widowhood and women?s care- giving duties. The main factor behind many women?s inability to save for retirement, however, remains the gender gap that continues to plague much of the working world. The third part of the paper thus explores the effects of gender on the pay scales of men and women across disparate fields, from academia to management to blue-collar operations. It also looks at how these unequal pay scales continue, despite legislation that mandates equity in pay. The fourth part of the paper examines the link between the gender gap in wages to the phenomenon of women?s poverty upon retirement. It shows how pay inequity means that women work more, earn less and as a result, often have less money for their retirement. Finally, the paper looks at the steps women can take to address these issues and prepare for their retirement.
From the Paper
"In a study of wage differentials across the service professions, Margaret Gibelman found that the median salary for both sexes is higher in service occupations that are predominantly male, such as construction and surveying. Conversely, the mean wages for both sexes is significantly lower in occupations where women comprise more than 75 percent of the workforce, such as nursing and receptionists (Gibelman). Gibelman?s study implies that women suffer from two forms of discrimination in the service and sales industries. First is discrimination on an individual level, where women get paid less than their male counterparts for the same work. Second, there is a marked discrimination against occupations that have a large female employee base and could therefore be labeled as ?women?s occupations.? It is difficult to make comparisons between occupations like cashiers, 90 percent of whom are women, and janitors, 70 percent of whom are men. However, the fact remains that even male-dominated professions that utilize unskilled labor generally still command higher median incomes."
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Financial Planning for Retirement, 2004.
An analysis of the necessary financial planning for retirement.
2,219 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper describes retirement planning as an ongoing process that a person needs to keep up with if goals are to be met. The paper contends that for those at or near retirement age, the planning process goes from accumulation of wealth to making the right decisions about assets. While one will still continue to accumulate money from investments, one will also be looking at using that money for day-to-day living expenses. The paper explains that the right choices are imperative in order to have the retirement lifestyle one desires.
Table of Contents
Early Financial Planning for Retirement
Financial Planning for Retirement: The 30s
Financial Planning for Retirement in Middle Life
Financial Planning for Retirement in the Later Years
Financial Resources for Retirement Planning
Social Security
Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans
Other Retirement Accounts
Other Resources
Retirement Strategies
Summary
References
From the Paper
"Credit card debt should also be evaluated when one is in their 20's. Many credit cards have interest rates of 20% or higher. Over time, a concerted effort should be made to lower balances on these cards. Continuing to maintain high balances and high interest rates delays
putting money aside for retirement. Financial goals should be shared with one's partner. It is of critical importance that each person is involved in the planning and agree on what type of lifestyle he or she wishes. Once the goals are mutually agreed on, both parties should be involved in carrying out the financial strategies necessary to achieve those goals. Each person should know and understand which investments to have and why. This is a critical period to educate oneself about how to handle finances."
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Retirement Plans, 2002.
An in-depth look at three types of retirement plans to see which provides a person with better coverage in later years.
12,194 words (approx. 48.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 235.95
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Abstract
Almost one-third of American workers are failing to prepare themselves for a comfortable retirement, according to a new survey conducted by American Express. Lack of knowledge and expertise causes many Americans to make poor choices regarding their retirement options.
The paper shows that saving for retirement is a major challenge for millions of Americans today. With an abundance of retirement options, including tax-deferred retirement plans, 401(k)s and IRAs, investors are often confused about which option will make the most of their savings dollars. This paper provides a review of the fundamental of these powerful retirement options in an effort to provide future retirees with the information needed to start investing in their futures. The study examines three major retirement options?Social Security, 401 (k) plans and IRA Accounts?in an effort to determine whether one type of option is superior over another. This research is based on existing literature, collected from a variety of sources, as well as empirical research derived from the opinions of financial professionals. Basically, this paper reveals whether or not there is a single best retirement option or if different people require different types of investment.
The paper includes tables, graphs and illustrations.
Table of Contents
Chapter One?Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Chapter Two?Literature Review
Introduction
All About Social Security
About 401 (k) Plans
How a 401(k) Plan Works
About 401(k) Plans
Advantages of 401 (k) Plans
Maximizing the Potential of a 401 (k) Plan
About IRAs
The Benefits of an IRA
IRAs in a Nutshell
The Traditional IRA
The Roth IRA
Chapter Three?Methodology
Approach to Study
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Study
Chapter Four?Data Analysis
Chapter Five?Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Because Social Security provides benefits to millions of Americans, it is often perceived as a like a simple retirement savings account (National Center for Policy Analysis, 2003). Many believe that if they simply contribute through payroll deductions, they will get that money back at retirement. However, Social Security is a complex social program rather than a retirement plan. By design, Social Security involves massive subsidies from retirees, from single workers to married couples, from two-earner couples to one-earner couples, from high-income earners to low, and from those who die early to those who die late."
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Employee Retirement Income Security Act, 2006.
A report looking at the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, which was enacted in order to provide for employee benefits and pensions at the point of employee retirement in a federal program.
1,741 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This report looks at the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) in terms of what the benefits and drawbacks of the program are in the current political and economic environment, as well as making specific recommendations about what seems to be working as a result of ERISA and what may need to be changed in the act to make it more contemporary. The report also looks at a rationale for change in the context of ERISA and related programs, including both retirement pension programs and healthcare programs.
From the Paper
"Overall, ERISA in the existing literature seems to be more beneficial than derogatory for society and employees, although there are plenty of critics of the act in the existing literature including those who state that ERISA is unfair or that it has led to or contributed to, directly or indirectly, corporate abuses of power such as the relatively recent Enron scandal. Overall however the benefits of the program are also strong in the existing literature because it is essentially an act with an overriding positive message: protection for the worker. In part the act was created to guarantee that "The men and women of our labor force will have much more clearly defined rights to pension funds and greater assurances that retirement dollars will be there when they are needed."1 In many ways President Ford was prescient: many of ERISA's reforms have improved the retirement security of American workers, particularly in the areas of vesting,2 plan funding,3 and insurance protection for defined benefit plans" (Stein, 2002). These benefits show forward progress associated with the act because they give the worker greater independence and financial power by safeguarding the rights of the worker at retirement."
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Retirement Pensions, 2005.
This paper discusses the problem of the reduction or elimination of retirement pensions.
765 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that new laws permit corporations (1) to eliminate health insurance once promised to employees for early retirement and (2) to reduce retirement plans or change plans to the benefit of the corporation and (3) denies workers the right to sue the company to comply with retirement payments. The author points out that the pension deficits can be contributed to the fact that many corporations are overpaying CEOs' lump-sum pensions for years they did not work. The paper concludes that, if Congress does not write new laws in support of the American worker, almost all Americans will be living in poverty and working well into their golden years because of the broken promise and elimination of retirement plans.
From the Paper
"With the airline industry in peril, a few have eliminated the guaranteed pension plans in bankruptcy court and two have delayed pension contributions to cut costs. Delphi Corp., the largest US automaker, filed for bankruptcy protection on Oct. 8. They are trying to discontinue medical and life insurance benefits to its retirees. Pension funds for Delphi are $11 billion short. According to Harvard law professor, Elizabeth Warren, who specializes in bankruptcy "There's no business in America that isn't going to figure out a way to get rid of [these benefit promises]". Policies that once existed to allow Americans to live comfortably upon retirement have been eradicated by lawmakers. These same lawmakers are also encouraging companies to discard the lifetime-benefit agreements."
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Retirement, 2008.
This paper discusses planning for the factors that influence a successful retirement period of life.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that retirement is the time in a person's life when they stop employment completely either by choice or due to health problems or physical conditions. The author points out the normal physical changes of increased age often are associated with retirement since they may occur simultaneously. The paper relates that, to become ready for these changes, people can stay active, eat healthy and avoid behaviors, such as smoking and drug use, which will cause their health to deteriorate. The author urges that people must plan for financing the retirement period with its change in income and expenses. The paper indicates that crime, especially consumer fraud and scams, is another factor, which worries many people of retirement age. The author suggests that a living will can state a person's wishes on sustaining life support or medical care if his or her health should fail.
From the Paper
"The average retired couple spends 35% of their income on housing, 25% on food, 9% on medical expenses, 9% on transportation, and the remaining amount on clothing, personal care, and other expenses such as gifts. To become better prepared for the future, people should start saving for retirement early and often. People also need to consider factors such as increased health costs, increased life expectancy, and keeping a tight budget, so they can have a comfortable retirement. To decrease future costs and ultimately save money, retirees should consolidate bills and look for discounts on things such as insurance when available."
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Retirement Planning, 2002.
A review of the options available for sound planning towards the retirement age.
1,868 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explores different strategies for developing a financial and retirement plan. The paper takes into account the realities of today?s economy, worker career mobility and phased retirement. Tradeoffs between working longer before retirement, aggressive investing and the role real estate play in an investment portfolio will be highlighted.
Contents:
Financial Planning ? Working Toward the Future
Retirement Planning
401(k)
Traditional IRAs
Simplified Employee Pension
Savings Incentive Match Plan
Portfolios Need Real Estate
From the Paper
"There are 76 million Americans who were born between the years 1946 and 1964, they are the so-called baby-boom generation. Fifty-five million Americans are age 55 and older, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Within that number, there are 35 million who are 65 and older, and by 2030 that amount will double to 70 million. Surprisingly the fastest-growing segment of senior citizens is of those who are 85 years old or older."
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Canadian Retirement Pensions, 2007.
An analysis of the Canadian pension policy (CPP).
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the area of social policy related to retirement pensions in Canada. The paper evaluates the Canadian pension policy (CPP) and the origins of this policy, as well as major developments as this policy was implemented and administered by provincial governments, and ultimately became a federal policy nationwide. The paper also analyzes debates among scholars and policy-makers related to the origins and evolution of this policy, in order to determine why retirement pension policy is discriminatory against women and the working poor. In conclusion, the paper shows that women and the working poor are victimized by wage inequality all of their working lives, and then are victimized again because retirement pension amounts are affected by the amount the worker pays in before retirement.
Outline:
Introduction
Origins in the Context of Welfare State
Developments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The development of government pension policies in Canada was influenced by the implementation of pension programs in Europe. Social Democrats in Germany and Liberals in Great Britain were among the first to argue that elderly and ill workers deserved state assistance. The implementation of old age pensions in the UK had a significant impact on the pension debate in Canada and strengthened the position of middle class Canadians on this issue, who succeeded in convincing Canadian lawmakers that pensions should be provided to elderly Canadians. Despite the implementation of pension programs and related forms of government assistance, opponents of this policy continued to criticize it as Marxist and feminist radicalism. The corporate elite resisted by compelling the government to under-fund pension plans, ignored the reality and consequences of unequal incomes because of gender discrimination, and argued that a portion of employee income should be set aside for retirement."
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An Affordable Retirement, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of employee retirement and investment plans.
2,956 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a detailed discussion of the various retirement plans available to employees. Investment plans are examined and the benefits and risks are presented. The paper analyzes the company's role in attaining beneficial retirement plans for its employees. The paper offers examples and tables of information regarding different retirement funds.
From the Paper
"Planning for retirement can be a career in itself. Rising expenses, declining company benefits, and the uncertainty of Social Security can turn the dreams of one?s golden years into a nightmare. But it doesn?t have to be that way. The discriminating employer has many options. With careful management, 401K?s, 403B?s, SEP?s, UNI-K?s, and many other plans, workers can hope for a worry-free retirement. A variety of investment vehicles can be used to fund these plans. Stocks, CD?s, Mutual Funds, and Treasury Securities will produce substantial returns if one knows how to use them. It may require doing a lot of homework, and a fair amount of periodic maintenance, but with a little time and effort, any business can calculate the relative rates of return on investment, projected accruals from interest, and the additional funds available from compounded interest. Make good choices and retirement money can do its own multiplication. Mushrooming funds and investments will reap their own reward. Small initial sums will snowball, becoming a comfortable shelter against loss of income and any unexpected expenses. Planned right, an employee?s retirement can be a time of peace and security with a decent income as readily available as during the best years of his working life."
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Retirement Planning, 2004.
An analysis of the importance of financial planning for retirement.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the important issue of retirement planning. The paper claims that planning for retirement should begin as early as possible in life. It examines the necessity of setting goals and budgeting, as well as the crucial step of making investment choices. The paper acknowledges the difficulty in thinking ahead, but contends that the earlier the planning starts, the more comfortable the retirement will be.
From the Paper
"A comfortable retirement is a goal for most workers, but ensuring that comfort takes planning and foresight. Planning for retirement is much more complicated than opening a bank account or belonging to an employer-sponsored pension plan. While these are excellent beginnings, workers must plan for any and all events that can and will happen after retirement. Employees not only need to plan for retirement income, but they must also plan for the disposition of assets upon death. Employees need to decide where they will live after retirement, how tax matters with be handled, what insurance will be needed, and the list goes on. "
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Retirement Homes, 2002.
Surveys a typical upper-class retirement home in the United States.
2,154 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
As America ages with the 50-plus population projected to increase by 76 percent between 1990 and 2020, the issue of senior housing looms as one of the most pressing issues on the social agenda. Despite being the most financially forbidding option, retirement homes are still the most popular choice for seniors. The author of the paper visited a Highland, Illinois retirement home and comments on the options available to its residents, including accommodation, staff, medical facilities and activities. The paper shows the positive aspects of senior citizens living among their peer groups if they are able to afford the luxury of a similar retirement home.
From the Paper
"This retirement home in Highland, Illinois represents an utopia for extroverted seniors like the two ladies who spoke with me extensively. They enjoy the regulated activities and the socialization opportunities with peers their own age. However, they constitute a small group of seniors who do not have to worry about financial costs in their choice of residential options. Against the background of facilities that do not provide adequate support for the residents because of poor policies and staff shortage, this retirement home has certainly succeeded in creating an impressive facility. It not only takes care of the basic needs of its residents, but also integrates social activities that cater to their social and emotional interests. While the senior care industry struggles through reforms, it is important to study the lessons from successful senior residential facilities like this retirement home."
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Retirement Plans and Government Policies in Hong Kong, 2001.
An analysis of retirement plans and government policies regarding funding and social welfare.
4,380 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
A discussion about government policies over retirement protection. The author examines the issues such as retirement funding, schemes, individual savings, investment and social welfare. The author focuses on retirement plan developments in Hong Kong.
From the Paper
"In Hong Kong, discussions about government policies over retirement protection have spanned a lengthy period of about 30 years. It was only until recently that the decision has been made to institute the Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF). However, in other countries, various schemes of retirement protection have been practiced over the past decades, with all kinds of experience that Hong Kong could beneficially refer to. Since retirement funds could be either fall into two categories 1. Pays-as-you-go/ 2. Fully-funded. They could either be managed by the government or the private sector. Yet, this is crucial to understand the pros and cons of these different kinds of schemes, and determine which is the most appropriate for Hong Kong. Furthermore, retirement protection is closely related to the issues of individual savings, investment, and social welfare. It affects the economic well being of all members of society, and also the performance of the economy as a whole. In this research paper, several comprehensive views and findings would be addressed, and some discussions on the impacts of MPF after the Asian Financial Crisis would also be stated for conclusion. "
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Mandatory Retirement at 65, 2005.
A discussion on issues concerning mandatory retirement at 65 in Canada.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The ending the inclusion of mandatory retirement provisions in employment contracts has achieved public prominence in Canada. This paper examines the issue from a law and economics perspective addressing not only the legal history of the issue but also the question of the efficiency of mandatory retirement in terms of economic theory.
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Coca-Cola's Retirement Package, 2003.
An analysis of inequalities in Coca-Cola's retirement compensation packages.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the beverage company Coca-Cola in relation to ethical concerns over inequities in retirement compensation between different employee classes. The paper concentrates on the issue of excessive retirement benefits for top executives without regard to performance.
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Early Retirement, 2007.
An argument for the reduction in retirement age for the general population.
2,194 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that retirement should be mandatory and it should take place between the ages of 55 and 57. The paper discusses the benefits involved, including opportunities for volunteer work, more freedom and lower healthcare expenses for employers. The paper notes the concern that without a sufficient pension, retirees will become a burden on the state. The paper concludes that an earlier retirement age should be the way companies work since they would save a lot of money. This would allow them to look after the newer generation and future of the country while retirees use their experiences to help others.
Outline:
Introduction
Benefits
Opposition
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Society is always changing. It is not something that can ever be avoided, and in many ways this is a good thing. A society that is not willing to grow and change will simply stagnate instead of continuing to evolve into something that is even better than it was in the first place. Not all of society's changes are good or bad, however. Some changes are simply changes, and they must be accepted as such. One of these changes is the fact that the population of America is becoming older overall as people are living longer. Even though there are many people being born, there are large groups of baby boomers and others that are reaching retirement age. This has many implications for the future."
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