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"Medieval Women" by Eileen Power, 2001.
This paper reviews the book, "Medieval Women" by Eileen Power, which pieces together the often-fragmented histories of medieval women using a variety of primary sources.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, according to Eileen Power in ?Medieval Women?, early social notions regarding the nature of women and their role in society were created by the two most powerful classes of the age, the Church and the aristocracy, and only later were modified slightly by the urban middle class, which rose to prominence in the later Middle Ages. The author points out that, in the area of home and marriage, Power uses letters, wills, and household inventories to support her depiction of women. The paper relates that, because the proportion of women to men was greater within the noble ranks, many women were unable to wed; therefore, for them, monasticism was the only alternative to marriage.
From the Paper
"A considerable portion of the book is spent discussing various facets of the medieval lady?s life and when the bourgeois and peasants are discussed she often presents them in contrast to the noble woman. Many accounts of medieval women nobility often present only one view of their experience, depicting either a fanciful and luxurious life or the bleakness of being regarded as chattel. Fortunately Power draws from the writings of Christine De Pisan, one of the rare women of the Middle Ages to earn a living solely through her writing, to address the way in which the romanticized chivalry of the age overshadows the reality of their existence."
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Women and Power in the Medical Profession, 2004.
Questions whether women have reached, power, privilege and equal status in the health care industry.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay argues that although woman have penetrated into a men's world, there is little doubt that it remains a man's world. The paper shows that health care is imbedded in a system of social structures and practices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women. The medical profession is based on an ideology of men?s superiority over women and enforces an essentialist gender division of work. The paper makes use of opinions from a group discussion.
From the Paper
"The authors did an admirable task exploring the exterior and interior barriers women faced in medicine. Division of labor within the home (childrearing), essentialist notions of women's roles, sexism, informal networks, prejustice, lack of role models, support, "glass ceilings", kept women from reaching positions of power, privilege and status. The writers emphasized women's influence on professional work. Attitudes have changed and women's issues are acknowledged and dealt with. Although medicine still has traces of misogyny, especially in surgery, Health Care is beginning to recognize women as a legitimate norm."
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"Changing History: Women, Power, and Politics", 2002.
A review of "Changing History: Women, Power, and Politics" by Geraldine Ferraro.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
A book report on a collection of Geraldine Ferraro's speeches and essays from 1984 to 1993. It discusses her centrist-liberal views on ethics, women in the workplace, health care, rape, Roe v. Wade, US-Israel relations, and diversity issues. It also points out how these issues have changed in politics since 1993, comparing the Bush, Sr. campaign of 1992 with the current Bush, Jr. campaign.
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Women and Power, 2008.
This paper examines the power of women in "A Proper Goodbye" by Katherine Vlassie, "Suitcase Lady" by Christie McLaren and "The Other Family" by Himani Bannerji.
1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how the power of women is constrained in ideological and socio-economic ways in three different stories; "A Proper Goodbye" by Katherine Vlassie, "Suitcase Lady" by Christie McLaren and "The Other Family" by Himani Bannerji. The paper discusses how the women in "A Proper Goodbye" and "Suitcase Lady" seem to have become relatively powerless, while the women in "The Other Family" have successfully resisted the forces seeking to limit their power.
From the Paper
"The story The Other Family(1990) looks at how ideology is combined with physical appearances in order to determine what a proper family is. In this story the daughter draws a picture of a family. However, the family she draws is comprised of blond haired, blue-eyed white people. This would not be problematic except for the fact that the narrator's family has dark skin and hair. This leads to a conflict between the mother and the child."
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Women of Power, 2008.
A look at the role of native women in pre-confederation Canada.
1,679 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that native women who married white fur traders in pre-confederation Canada, did so because they knew that they fulfilled an important intermediary role within native/white business relations, and thus stood to see their social and economic status increase dramatically through marriage to non-native men. It was understood that being a translator and a bridge to both worlds was an excellent means of accruing power, status and capital. The paper maintains that, although there were external pressures that may often have propelled native women into one marriage or another, the final decision to marry a white man was chiefly prompted by self-interest.
From the Paper
"Suffice it to say, the early Canadian fur trade that prospered in Canada during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would not have been possible unless two racial groups - Native Americans and their European counterparts - found a way to work together in some fashion for the enrichment of both. Sylvia Van Kirk, one of the more perceptive students of the old Canadian fur trade, has written that the native women in those Indian communities that came into contact with white European traders found themselves caught between two groups of males: the male leaders of their own community, and the enterprising traders of the European colonizers. In a very real sense, these native women used their status as the wives of traders to act as "go-betweens" or as "social brokers" between two groups with often strained relations. In fact, Van Kirk is largely of the view that native women used their status as a go-between to bolster their own stature while, at the very same time, they coveted the economic power that derived from being the wife of a fur trader. In that sense, the old notion that these women were somehow agent-less victims is one that desperately needs to be cast aside in favor of a more modern interpretation."
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Aboriginal Women and Power, 2005.
A comparison of the aboriginal women of the Hudson Bay lowland Cree and the Western Canadian and Northern Plains Hidatsa.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the important contributions of women economically, domestically, and even politically to the Cree peoples of the Hudson Bay lowlands and to the Hidatsa peoples of the Western United States and Canada. The paper asks why and how these two groups of women came to assume enormous importance if not power in their respective cultures despite being largely consigned to domestic chores.
From the Paper
"A Comparison of the Aboriginal Women of the Hudson Bay Lowland Cree and the Western Canadian and Northern Plains Hidatsa The aboriginal women of the Hudson Bay lowland Cree and the aboriginal women of the Northern Plains' Hidatsa share some similarities - but several differences, as well. The following paper will examine their respective social positions, their respective contributions, political influence, economic contributions and the impact they had upon their particular societies. More importantly, the succeeding paper will explore not only how, but why, the women of these two groups came to assume such enormous power in their aboriginal cultures - even if it may be said that the Cree culture was somewhat more patriarchal than its Hidatsa counterpart. In any event, as the next several pages should show, it is arguable - especially in the case of the Hidatsa - that the division of power within aboriginal society, far from marginalizing native women, gave them great power and importance."
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Women, Power and Politics, 2006.
A discussion of the feminist position that the neoliberal ideology that has replaced Keynesian economic structures has had the effect of marginalizing women.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The replacement of Keynesian economic structures with the neoliberal ideology and policy initiatives in the last decades of the 20th century has led - in the opinion of many feminists - to a modern "new gender order" within which the increasing privatization of social reproduction has increasingly marginalized women by limiting their roles in the paid workforce with the social and economic autonomy that these roles signify. This essay argues that an understanding of these processes is critical to any effort at challenging the neoliberal convergence of social reproduction in economic, social and political aspects.
From the Paper
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"State Power Is Male Power": Women And The Welfare State, 2002.
Argues that the welfare state, from a feminist perspective, is a feature of a patriarchal power structure.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Canada and the United States are in the midst of a period of economic expansion almost unprecedented in history. Integral to this expansion has been the tax and spending cuts of ideologically conservative governments. These governments have removed a great many lazy women and children from the welfare rolls and, through policies such as workfare, made them productive workers in our society. This paper will demonstrate, however, that this process may be seen as very logical when viewed from a feminist perspective. Underlying the conservative arguments about finances and budget is a subtextual debate about power in general and patriarchal power in particular. It will be argued that the welfare state is an integral feature of this patriarchal power structure. As such, the welfare state's focus on the weakest and the most disadvantaged in our society - whether in cutting benefits or controlling behaviour - reflects a continuing interest of patriarchal power structures in dominating the lives of women who are disproportionately represented in those dependent upon the welfare state.
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"Patience and Power: Women?s Lives in a Moroccan Village", 2002.
The paper provides a book review of Susan Schaefer Davis' 1985 work
"Patience and Power: Women?s Lives in a Moroccan Village", which presents an account of the economic activity of women in the small village of Sidi Embarek, Morocco.
1,038 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the authoress looks beyond traditional economic analysis and succeeds in showing how Moroccan women wield power in the informal economy and the private sphere. The paper discusses the woman's lack of identity and need to protect her honor, using examples from the book to clarify points. The paper also looks at the types of socially acceptable work Moroccan women were allowed to carry out.
From the Paper
"Like many societies, there were strict social rules in place regarding the status and roles of women in Sidi Embarek in the early 1980s. Women clearly did not enjoy as much freedom as men. The women could not hold public office and were expected to fulfill domestic and household chores. In many ways, the women in Sidi Embarek are akin to property. Their identities are always subsumed with the menfolk, making them someone?s wife or daughter. For example, sons were expected to care for their elderly parents. When married, a woman ?belongs? to her husband?s family and is expected to take care of her in-laws. For this reason, Davis says that sons were often valued over daughters."
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Power Relationships Between Men and Women, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issue of power between the sexes.
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how power relationships between men and women are as old as man and woman themselves. The paper discusses how throughout history the balance of power has sometimes subtly, sometimes dramatically, shifted in favor of one gender or the other.
Outline:
Introduction
Men Still Rule the Roost
Women in Control
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Despite the struggles of generations of women, in America and many other parts of the world, according to feminists, women are still the oppressed gender. According to Arslanian-Engoren, there are still biases that marginalize women, and in fact, these biases are so significant, they negatively impact women's healthcare, resulting in healthcare disparities between men and women. Power and knowledge are not the same thing, however they are mutually dependent on one another. Therefore without knowledge, power cannot be initiated. Feminists theorize that it is man that holds the key to knowledge in society today; therefore, power naturally follows. Arslanian-Engoren notes that only by acquiring new scientific knowledge, in this case specifically concerning women's healthcare, and reframing the parameters of women's healthcare, can women strive to achieve a more egalitarian and equitable balance in the power relationship."
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A Taxonomy of Power and Power-Compliance Gaining Strategies, 2001.
A discussion of the classification system defined by researchers French and Raven in 1959.
2,730 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses French and Raven's taxonomy of five power sources available for gaining compliance: Coercive power, reward-based power, legitimate power, expert power and referent power. The paper defines each kind of power, giving examples from laboratory studies, advertising, corporate theory and gender-based linguistic studies. The paper includes a discussion not only on the ways of obtaining power, but also on the forms of resistance to that power.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most obvious definitionally and the crudest method in Raven?s taxonomy would be that of coercive power. Simply put, coercive power is the capacity to dispense punishments to those who do not comply with requests or demands. Consider, for instance, one of the most famous experiments ever conducted dealing with the exercise of power. In the study conducted by Stanley Milgram, subjects were recruited from ?a broad spectrum of socioeconomic and educational levels? to participate in a study of ?memory.? The subjects were then put into pairs, a teacher and a learner. The learner had to administer punishment through the use of electroshocks whenever the subject answered incorrectly. Of course, the learner was really a plant, a psychology student provided by Milgram. But the individual administering the punishment did not know that. So far as he or she knew, he or she had the ability to administer coercive power. Much to the shock and horror of the public when Milgram made his findings known, the ?teachers? did so to the point where the ?learners? protested that the shocks were becoming painful. This transpired as the level of electricity rose to 120 volts, then to 180 volts, to 300 where the subject demanded release, then to 330, when the learner became silent. (The actor playing the role of the experimenter told the subjects they had to go on, that there was no permanent tissue damage being done to the learners, and that he took ?full responsibility.?) Sixty-five percent of Milgram?s subjects conducted the experiment to the bitter end."
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The Significance of Relative Power Over Absolute Power, 2006.
An explanation as to why an emphasis on relative power in international relations is more important than absolute power.
1,313 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at relative power versus absolute power, from both realist and liberal perspectives. The paper uses Canada and China as examples. The paper concludes that it is better for the state to emphasize a realist perspective rather than a liberalist one.
From the Paper
"States have always been interacting with one another on a systemic level. According to realists, because states are self-interested, they worry about power of which there are two different kinds. Realists value relative power more than absolute power. Absolute power refers to a state's strive towards flourishing economically, and militarily. On the other hand, relative power refers to a state's emphasis on its relationship with other states around it, watching surrounding states and planning accordingly. However, unlike realists, liberals do not value power as highly and look to gains as being more important. Absolute gains follow a non-zero-sum mentality, which means that a state's gains are infinite. One state's gain does not have to be another state's loss as it could be in the case of relative gains. As a result, what is more important for a state to emphasize: a realist's view of power or the liberal view of gains?"
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From Imperialist Power to Super Power, 2002.
An examination of the history of the United States as an imperial power and consideration of the implications of its position now that America is the only country in the world able to lay claim to the term superpower.
1,536 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the expansion of the American empire from its early days as a nation of farmers through being an imperial power with expanding territories to being the world's only superpower since the collapse of the Former Soviet Union. It evaluates whether it is a good thing for a state to be so powerful and looks at how long America can actually stay in this position in light of today's political world.
Outline
Introduction
Manifest Destiny
Land Acquisition through Conquest and Purchases
Implications of American Imperialism
America's History as an Imperialist Power
America as an Agricultural Country
The Need for Markets
Foreign Markets and American Imperialism
American Hegemony vs. other Imperial Powers
Comparison with the Soviet Union
Comparison with Britain
Negative Implications
America as the World's Only Superpower
America after the Collapse of the USSR
America as a Benign Hegemony
Collapse of Empire
Conclusion
From the Paper
"America began as a small cluster of colonies clinging to the eastern shore of the great continent of North America. As the country expanded westward, and also northward and southward, a spirit of "manifest destiny" gripped the land as pioneers, patriots and politicians sought to bring under American domination ever greater amounts of territory. Through land purchases such as the Louisiana Purchase, and through conquest, as in the case of the lands acquired as a result of the Mexican War and the Spanish American War, the country grew until it stretched from sea to sea, and from the Rio Grande River in the south, far north to the cold stretches of the Canadian wilderness."
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Critical Review of Two Books on Women's Suffrage, 2008.
An analysis and comparison of "Women, Politics and Media: Uneasy Relations in Comparative Perspective" by Karen Ross and "Women, Power, and Politics" by Margaret Stacey and Marion Price.
2,633 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts "Women, Politics and Media: Uneasy Relations in Comparative Perspective" by Karen Ross and "Women, Power, and Politics" by Margaret Stacey and Marion Price. It discusses how the books both deal with the issue of women's political roles (or lack thereof). The paper concludes that despite their differences, both books will be of interest to feminist scholars, though for different reasons.
From the Paper
"Both of these books will be of interest to many feminist scholars, particularly those interested in the progress of women in the political sphere. Both are therefore highly recommended. However, for the reader or student with a fairly broad interest in the subject, Stacey and Price's book will be more useful, as it provides an extremely insightful overview of the subject area. Moreover, the fact that they challenge several conventional notions means that the book makes for thought-provoking reading. On the other hand, Ross's book will probably be of more limited appeal, focusing as it does on a more narrow area of the broad subject matter of women in politics. Finally, Stacey and Price (1981) is a substantially more pleasant read, in that it takes a positive view and is optimistic. Ross (2002), by contrast, is positively depressing. One ends up feeling almost hopeless for the future of democracy. Therefore, although these are both good books and impressive works of scholarship, if you have time to read just one of these books, I would strongly recommend you choose Stacey and Price's book."
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The Royal Women of Medieval Europe, 2007.
This paper analyzes the role of royal women, including their power and influence, in medieval Europe.
1,853 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the role of royal medieval women, including their political and religious influence. The author presents a country by country analysis of royal families in medieval Europe, explaining the traditions of succession in each of these countries, and whether or not women could ascend to the throne in these kingdoms. The author concludes that women had political weight during this time. They contributed, even if sometimes indirectly, to the evolution of the states where they lived and they made themselves a place in history.
From the Paper
"The queens of medieval Western Europe were present in almost each and every state, from the Scandinavian kingdoms to Spain and from England to Hungary. Their power was sometimes only in name, other times they had the real attributes of the kings. They got involved in political battles and plots, being (in some of the cases) real partners of their kings and having specific duties or true rulers, in name and in fact, of their empire. The medieval Byzantium is a stage for powerful empresses, from Theodora, in the sixth century and Irene, in the eighth to Anne of Savoy, in the fourteenth century. The first two empresses played an important part in the iconoclastic debate, their role being grounded in the "interstices of Byzantine society, in myths, in liturgical practices and religious beliefs and the symbols surrounding them, which they could draw upon" . Acting on two contemporary "stages" - the religious influence and the direct ruling, the empresses of the Eastern Roman Empire constituted exceptional figures, influencing and directing the politics of their times."
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