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Women and the Longshoremen Strike, 2005.
Examines the role of women during the big strike of the longshoremen in 1934.
1,177 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
Following World War I, longshoremen on the West coast of the U.S. were required to go through the company union in San Francisco, which was known as the "blue book" system. On May 9, 1934, longshoremen in every west coast port walked out; they were followed by sailors just days later. The paper briefly examines the events of this strike, culminating in Bloody Thursday. This paper focuses on the role of women during the Big Strike, from active participation (as in the case of Tillie Olsen) to economic and home-life support.
From the Paper
"By doing so, the women helped maintain the men who may have broken much earlier, and enabled them to demonstrate resolve and dedication in conditions that many have compared to a war. Many of these "soup kitchens", were nothing more than women cooking and feeding men out of their back doors. Facing criticism from neighbors who feared that doing so would cause a large contingent of men looking for free meals in their neighborhoods, many simply welcomed the men to come, offering as much food as they could muster under the difficult times of depression."
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Strikes and Their Economic Impact, 2007.
A comparison of the effectiveness of a workers' strike versus a baseball strike in terms of financial impact.
3,025 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the need for cost consequence in order for a labor strike to be effective. The writer explores the Philadelphia city workers' strike of 1986 and compares it to the baseball strike of 1981 to illustrate which one was more effective. The writer argues that the baseball strike had more influence and pull because of the financial impact that it had on the national economy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Strike
Worker's Strike
Baseball Strike
Final Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The baseball strike held a ripple effect power over the nation. When the players stopped playing the vendors who provided the food did not have anywhere to sell their product. They ceased ordering food or supplies from their vendors who in turn felt the financial impact and had to adjust their own production lines in recognition of the strike and its impact on the bottom line.
"There were also many revenue dollars lost that had already been spent in advertising for upcoming games. Local advertising attempts were wasted as were the nationally printed calendars and other items of interest that had to do with the game. The strike centered on the free agent issues of the profession. The owners had lost in court and in collective bargaining but still demanded that they hold the rights over their players when it came to the free agency draft."
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The 1997 UPS Strike, 1997.
Analysis of the 1997 UPS strike. Describes the strike as an example of hard bargaining in which the Teamsters benefitted from public support generated by favorable press coverage.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
The recent strike against United Parcel Service conducted by the Teamsters was seen as both disruptive and successful. It was disruptive to the national shipping patterns and so to business in general, yet the public supported the strikers over the company by a wide margin. This might have changed had the strike continued any longer than it did, but the Teamsters, as led by president Ron Carey, managed to make good use of public sentiment to pressure UPS to settle the strike. From the first, the Teamsters had the high ground given the nature of the dispute and the fact that the public was also concerned about the issue of part-time work and the way companies were using part-time workers to avoid paying full price for full-time employees in the same jobs."
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Firefighter Strikes, 2002.
An exploration of the history of strike action in the U.K., in terms of the Labour government and the recent firefighter strikes.
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the history of strike action stretches beyond the First World War, often linked to economic fluxes and changing conditions. It examines U.K.strike patterns and policies throughout the twentieth century and provides an analysis of the firefighter strikes which took place in the latter half of 2002. It analyses the current Government's relationship to this issue and how the various "independent bodies" are to seeking to resolve this issue. It also shows how the firefighter issues are particularly apt at present (2003) as the postal strikes continue.
From the Paper
"In 1977, the Fire Brigades Unions (FBU)1 had never taken strike action; their leaders were right wing (conservative) and at that time opposed to strike over pay2. Labour was elected in 1974 on the back of the National Miners Strike, first led by Harold Wilson and then by James Callaghan. During 1977 the firefighters had no support from any left or right wing officials on the TUC general council and consequently the odds were stacked against them. However there also was an overwhelming vote for strike action. As a result of proletarian support for the strike there was a tidal wave of collections across the country in defence of the firefighters campaign. The right wing officials of the FBU and the TUC soon secured a return to work for the firefighters."
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Three Strikes Law, 2002.
A look at the issues concerning the ?three strikes? sentencing law.
2,531 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues surrounding the "three strikes" law to determine whether it has been effective in reducing crime, if it deters crime,and if it is a fair and practical law. Ultimately, this paper aims to determine if the three strikes law should be implemented nation-wide. It discusses how since its introduction in 1993, the controversial "three strikes" sentencing law has been a topic of heated debate amongst politicians, lawmakers and the public. It looks at how the foundation of the "three strikes" law is often referred to as the ?six percent solution? which holds that a small percentage of criminals, approximately six percent, commit up to 80 percent of all crimes. Thus, proponents of the ?three strikes? laws believe that it will get this highly active and dangerous group of repeat criminals off the street, significantly reducing crime rates. Statistics and graphs are included.
From the Paper
"A separate study by Beres and Griffith (1998) revealed that the three strikes law produces a modest reduction in crime (Jones, et al, 2001). However, these results showed that the reasoning behind the law is intrinsically flawed for many reasons. For one, there is little evidence that incarcerating the six percent of career criminal actually reduces crime. Rather, evidence shows that a substantial number of young males engage in criminal activity during their adolescence years. In addition, this study showed that criminally active offenders are often imprisoned regardless of ?three strikes? laws. Therefore, the only offenders affected by the three-strikes law are mainly low-rate, non-violent offenders. Finally, this study revealed that sentencing repeat offenders to longer terms would not have a real impact on the general crime rate. "
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The Three Strikes Mandatory Sentencing Law, 2004.
This paper reviews arguments against the efficacy of the three strikes mandatory sentencing law.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that three strikes legislation mandates specific consequences when someone is classified as a habitual offender by having three strikes, convictions for a serious or violent felony crime. The author points out that the ideology behind three strikes laws is that criminals are guided by the expected utility principle theory, which states that the costs of their crime outweigh the benefits. The paper relates that the general goal of a three strikes law is to make punishment severe for repeat offenders in hopes that this will deter them from committing additional crimes and that, if they still choose to commit crimes, locking them up for 25 years to life is an effective means of incapacitation. The author underscores that the deterrence ability of three strikes laws is not accepted by many researchers and that this law has numerous negative side effects including increased homicide rates and prison overcrowding.
From the Paper
"The federal version of the three strikes law is the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, also known as the Federal Crime Bill, which was enacted by Congress in 1994. According to Schichor, the act mandates life in prison for criminals convicted of three violent felonies or drug offenses if the third conviction is a federal crime. In addition to the federal law, in a three year span from 1993 to 1996, 25 states adopted their own three strikes laws. Schichor (1997) believes this shift in criminal justice policy focuses more on "controlling aggregates instead of individual offenders" by sorting criminals into groups such as high rate offender and career criminal."
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The Three Strikes Law, 2007.
An argument supporting the use of the three strikes law.
838 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the three strikes law whereby a third felony conviction brings a mandatory sentence with no parole possible for a long period of time. The paper explains that critics of the three strikes law most frequently oppose it because the law allows for a non-violent third strike, has high costs and means an increase in the prison population. The writer contends that what critics should really be concerned about is the high rate of repeat offenders, the high cost of crime and the desirability of letting violent offenders roam free versus sit in prison. The writer admits that prison populations have increased and there are more elderly prisoners. The writer maintains that this means that the three strikes law is meeting its objective of finally putting the guilty where they belong and for a very long time.
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, it seems nearly impossible to avoid becoming a victim of crime in our country. Personally, I have had my car stolen and seriously damaged and my apartment broken into with items of high emotional value taken from me. And, who hasn't experience fear at some time or other when they are walking down the street minding their own business only to be intimidated by some bully or thug? Thus, it's extraordinarily frustrating to see the same individuals churn through the justice system only to commit the same or worse acts time after time. California, one of the first implementers of the three strikes laws, has a sixty percent recidivism rate for some of its most serious crimes."
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The Right to Strike, 2006.
This paper assesses the extent to which the United Kingdom labour laws provide for a "right to strike".
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses four sources of UK employment law and practice; the domestic common law, statutory law, the European convention and international labour standards. The paper considers what legal provisions exist, if any, to effect a conclusive right for workers and trade unions to lawfully instigate and participate in industrial strike action as a means of addressing labour disputes. The paper shows how the law does make provision for strike action to effectively take place, by granting statutory, albeit limited, immunities.
Outline:
Abstract
Domestic Common Law
Domestic Statutory Law
The ECHR and a 'Human Right' to strike?
International Recognition of a Right to Strike
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Whilst the statutory law in the UK has seen much change over the years in the extent to which it has either sought to provide for, or sought to restrain the use of industrial action in labour disputes ; the common law, by way of contrast, has continuously followed the general principle that an employee is fundamentally obliged under his contract of employment to provide his labour. Consequently, "any form of industrial action by a worker is a breach of contract which entitled the employer at common law to dismiss the worker" , and / or to refuse the paying of wages , and / or to even sue for damages . As such, notwithstanding the fact that the latter option has rarely been pursued in practice by employers , it can be clearly seen from the outset that the common law provides employees with no means of effectively engaging in strike action without risking potential loss of employment and financial ruin."
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Positive and Negative Consequences of Union Strikes, 2005.
A look at the impact of union labor strikes on labor conditions.
1,124 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
Labor strikes by union workers have become a part of American history. This paper discusses how the consequences of such strikes are positive or negative depending on who is reviewing the outcomes. The writer explains how labor strikes once were usually a matter of human rights; now, more often than not, they revolve around the bottom-line issues of wages and health care.
From the Paper
"Motivations for strikers vary, such as higher wages, better benefits, bargaining rights, legislation, job control and dignity, as well as to unite for fellow workers of another race, religion, ethnicity, or sex (Strikes pp). And the results of such strikes have been just as varied, from motivating groundbreaking legislation that defined new rights for all citizens as well as the workers, to the destruction of laborers? organization and the loss of livelihoods (Strikes pp). Moreover, strikes have shaped the future of corporations and the overall economy, as well as political culture on the federal and local level (Strikes pp)."
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The ?3-Strikes? Law, 2004.
This paper argues against California?s "3-strikes law", which attempts to stop repeat criminals by sentencing them to mandatory life in jail after their third offense.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the 3-strikes law has created a dynamic within the criminal justice system that seeks to punish minor offenses, while shifting focus away from violent offenders. The author points out that, unlike other 3-strikes laws around the country, California?s is unique in that it permits a lifetime sentence for any third offense, even one that is non-violent by nature, includes juvenile adjudications of those 16 and 17 years of age, and does not provide a ?wash-out? period for long periods of time between offenses. The paper concludes that billions of dollars, nationally, have been thrown towards the 3-strikes legislation, but the intent of the law, to reduced crime, has not necessarily been achieved.
From the Paper
"Finally, the 3-strikes rule is unfair in its application. Many argue criminal justice systems throughout the United States are discriminatory, but California?s is blatantly so. The 3-strike law has had its most dramatic effect on California?s African American population. While only 7% of the state?s population is African American, more than 40% make up those convicted under the 3-strike law. Plus, the majority of offenses targeted by the law (robbery, possession of drugs, ect.) are offenses more commonly performed by minority and underrepresented groups."
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Three Strike Law, 2001.
This paper analyses the Three Strike Law which is used against repeated offenders. It uses the State of California as an example of the enforcement of this law and provides an overview of sources which are for and against its institution.
2,820 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses the Three Strike Law which is used against repeated offenders. It uses the State of California as an example of the enforcement of this law and provides an overview of sources which are for and against its institution.
From the paper:
"Following the highly publicized kidnapping and murder of 12-year-old Polly Klaus and Kimber Reynolds, California Governor Pete Wilson signed the state?s three-strikes law, Proposition 184, in March 1994. The law was designed to punish the most serious and habitual offenders and help control crime. By May 31, 2001, over 50,000 criminals had been incarcerated. This included 43,800 under a second strike provision."
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The Comair Strike, 2002.
A look at an airplane strike through the eyes of the pilots.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a discussion about the Comair strike from the perspective of the pilots. The author of this paper takes the reader on a journey through the strike and the issues surrounding the strike. It allows the reader to understand the problems as perceived from the standpoint of the pilots.
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California's Three Strikes Legislation, 2008.
This paper reviews three articles about the efficacy of California's Three Strikes legislation.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Ryan S. King and Marc Mauer's article 'Aging Behind Bars: "Three Strikes" Seven Years Later' in "The Sentencing Project" was written in hopes of rehabilitating the California "Three Strikes" system and as a warning to other jurisdictions considering promulgating similar legislation. The author then points out that the goal of Linda S. Beres and Thomas D. Griffith's article "Did "Three Strikes" Cause The Recent Drop In California Crime? An Analysis Of The California Attorney General's Report" in "Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review" is to convince government officials to spend more time and effort analyzing crime and its remedies, and less time and effort on politicizing the issue. Furthermore, the paper relates that, in his article "Prison Overcrowding: Harmful Consequences and Dysfunctional Reactions", Professor Craig Haney of the University of California, Santa Cruz, emphasizes that prison has a profound effect on prisoners who subsequently carry those effects into society after their release from prison."
From the Paper
"The authors also assert that the Attorney General's claim that the "dramatic drop in the crime rate" occurred after the passage of Three Strikes is misguided and that crime actually began to significantly decline a year before Three Strikes. Beres and Griffith further allege that an alternative explanation for the recent drop in crime is the improving California and moreover that many factors influence crime rate. The authors assert that it is difficult to prove a direct link between the economy and crime rates, nonetheless, "evidence of a connection between economic opportunity and the crime rate is particularly important in light of the deterioration of the market for unskilled labor during the past two decades."
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California's Three-Strikes Law, 2002.
An examination of the pros and cons of California?s Three-Strikes law - which imposes heavy mandatory sentences on persons convicted for the third time of a felony.
994 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses why the California law is slightly different from other states which uphold the Three-Strikes law - California law allows prosecutors to count classified misdemeanors as felonies for purposes of applying third-strike sentences. This paper discusses how, in many cases, the question of whether the law exhibits adequate proportionality is a major aspect of applying third-strike sentences.
From the Paper
"Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled to uphold long-term sentences for two men who were convicted under California?s three-strikes law (Mears, 2003). The decisions for the two cases, Ewing v. California and Lockyer v. Andrade, increased the likelihood that future challenges to the three-strikes law will have to be made in the legislatures rather than the courts.
California?s three-strikes law came about when the state?s voters approved Proposition 184 in 1994 after 12-year-old Polly Klaas was kidnapped, raped and murdered by Richard Allen Davis, a man who was serving parole at the time of the crime. Davis had formerly been convicted of kidnapping, assault and burglary but only served half of his sentence. If he had served his full sentence, proponents of the law argued, Klaas would have been safe."
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California?s "Three-Strikes Law", 2002.
The paper analyzes the "Three-Strikes Law" using two recent cases, Ewing vs. California and Lockyer vs. Andrade.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the background to the creation of the three-strikes law, which imposes heavy mandatory sentences on persons convicted for the third time of a felony. The paper examines whether the law exhibits adequate proportionality in applying third-strike sentences.
It also discusses the constitutionality of the law and arguments put forward by opponents to the law.
From the Paper
"Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O?Connor?s opinion in Ewing v. California stressed that courts should not interfere with decisions by state legislatures concerning criminal sentencing policies (Cahill, 2003). In this case, the supreme court upheld the constitutionality of a 25-year sentence against Gary Albert Ewing, whose third-strike sentence was stealing three golf clubs, valued at $1200, from a store."
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