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Women's Labour Issues, 2002.
Summarizes four articles which discuss women's labour issues in the twentieth century.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Four article summaries are separately discussed. These articles discuss women's involvement in the labour market during the twentieth century.
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Women and the Labour Market, 2005.
A discussion on gender discrimination against women in the workplace.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses whether women are discriminated against in the labour market, and if so how this discrimination is manifested. This essay examines how women are not only paid less than men, but they are underrepresented in certain professions and in more prestigious positions with power. The writer argues that this discrimination has roots in gender inequality in our society. The writer proposes that, although the status of women has considerably improved in the last hundred years both in the society and in the labour workforce, there is still a gender bias.
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Women's Labor Market Positions in the 20th Century, 2007.
An analysis of the changing conditions of the 20th century women's labor market in Canada.
2,402 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Canadian women went through a shift in their labor market position over the course of the 20th century, towards less exclusion and more entitlement to waged work. The paper shows how the division of labor has changed through the 20th century towards greater female equality in the workplace, entitlement and security. It then discusses how, in spite of the changes, women still appear to work for less income than men while also continuing with childcare duties.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
World War I
World War II
A Society Described as One Society
Reflection and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One begins to wonder too how typical working class girls were, as none of the materials seem to refer to women who went to university, took business courses, taught school, served as nurses in the World Wars or, for that matter, completed medical school in the later 19th century. A reader could get the idea that such women did not exist in Canada till the 1950s or later. One also begins to think of wives and mothers who were widows after World War I and how they managed - their work in raising children on small pensions, apparently, not something in which we should be interested, today. What do the authors see as women's paid work and why is it so very important compared to other women's achievements that perhaps do not have to do with the boring topic of class formation or industrial labour. A reader who was not curious would be given nothing with which to imagine the kinds of societies in which women lived through the early 20th century. Canada had no 'safety net' till after 1945, and this is very important in terms of how one tries to see the world to which women were born. (See Porter 2003) The custom of seeing men employed, who would then support women and children, came from something other than wishing to 'imprison' women in the home, as they were responsible for dependents where deep poverty was possible. If a man lost his income, there could be serious deprivation for several people who depended on him in the absence of state relief."
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Are Women Discriminated Against in the Labor Market?, 2008.
A discussion regarding working women in Canada.
1,403 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how women have fought against discrimination and found a place for themselves within all areas of society, thereby becoming more empowered than ever before. The paper then argues that, although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not yet been achieved. Specifically, this paper argues that that women are discriminated against in the labour market and that this discrimination is manifested in several ways.
From the Paper
"In the last fifty years or so, our society has made unprecedented strives towards improving the status of women. Women have been relentless in fighting discrimination against the female gender, carving a place for themselves within the business, educational, professional and political arenas of the society. As a result, today, women have much more power then ever before. This is reflected in the area of work. More than half of the labour force is made up of women (Brym, 1995). However, the participation of women in the workforce has also become an economic necessity, because there are less secure full-time jobs and many families today need the dual income. Although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not yet been achieved. This essay will argue that women are discriminated against in the labour market. The discrimination is manifested in several ways. First, women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs. Second, they still form the major part of part-time and temporary workforce. Women are segregated into certain 'female' professions and they are underrepresented in other professions. Women concentrated in jobs stereotyped as "women's jobs" (nursing, clerical child care, retail). They are poorly presented in science, computer science and engineering occupations, which are often very prestigious and well paid. Fourth, more prestigious positions with power are still mainly reserved for men as women often encounter the 'glass ceiling'. Finally, women often do 'second shift' of housework at home, which is unpaid and undervalued. This job inequality is rooted in the broader social inequality, which separates boys and girls from an early age, and which still sharply defines male and female roles with the family and society at large."
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Women in Canada's Labor Force: 1880-1920, 2002.
Discusses the occupational options that working class women had in Canada in 1880-1920s.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper will clearly demonstrate that Canadian society between 1880 and 1920 saw significant enlargement in terms of women's gender roles, but even at the end of WWI, women's participation in the labor force was perceived to be a temporary necessity. As the wartime economy returned to its civilian form, most Canadians expected gender roles to return to their previous (im)balance. The seeds for the emancipation of women, however, had been sewn and it was only a matter of time before they would grow.
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Women in the Canadian Labor Market, 2006.
A look at whether women have achieved equality in the Canadian labor market.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, in spite of several laws that the Canadian government has enacted to prevent the discrimination of women in the workplace, women in Canada still have not yet achieved equality in the labor market.
From the Paper
"Have Women Achieved Equality in the Canadian Labour Market? Canada has put in place several legislative devices in an attempt to ensure that women do not suffer discrimination. In addition, there has been a growing recognition that discriminating against women in the labour market is unfair and should not be tolerated. However, as this paper will show, although considerable gains have been made, women have not yet achieved equality in the Canadian labour market. It will be shown that this reflects a lingering and pervasive inequality of the sexes within Canadian society. Despite the fact that legislative protections are in place, there stills needs to be a great deal of societal change before women will achieve true substantive equality in..."
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Women in the Labor Movement, 2004.
A look at the role of women and minorities in the history of the labor movement.
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the historical development of the labor movement, especially focusing on role of women and minorities. It describes how women and minorities have suffered in the past and are presently still in process of being granted equal opportunity in labor.
From the Paper
"The formation of gender and minority roles is prompted by changes or developments in economic conditions, and this can be seen in the way that different some cultures face problems with gender and minority status even though they are economically advanced countries. The economic status of individuals may not necessarily rid them off their stereotyped roles, as even today, as it was in the past, women and minorities still strive for equality in labor."
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Domestic Labour and Canadian Women, 2002.
This paper examines domestic labour and the status of domestic labourers.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Unpaid domestic labour is homemaking and childrearing. By definition 'unpaid' labour is exploitation. Paid domestic labour includes live-in nannies and other domestic servants. These are underpaid, overworked and frequently women of colour.
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Women and Children in the International Division of Labour, 2005.
Examines globalization and its impact on women and child laborers.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper studies how globalization has further disadvantaged women and children in the international labor market. The concept of the International Division of Labour (IDL) is discussed. The paper looks at the general effects of globalization on labor and finds that the systematic exploitation of women is an integral part of globalization and the current IDL.
From the Paper
"The current trend towards globalization has led to a massive shift in patterns of international labour division (IDL). Like all of the changes caused by globalization, these changes have tended to favour the advantaged and further disadvantage the disadvantaged. This means that women and children, who have always been the most disadvantaged in the patriarchal system, have been further disadvantaged by the changes wrought by globalization. This paper will examine this, and will show the systematic exploitation of women is an integral part of globalization and the current IDL. When we talk about the international division of labour, we are talking about the division caused by globalization."
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Women in the International Division of Labour, 2005.
A discussion of the role of women in the international division of labour, based on the chapter by Maria Mies.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the chapter entitled "Housewifization International: Women and the New International Division of Labour", written by Maria Mies. The paper discusses concepts presented in this chapter, such as the role of women in the globalization of labour. The paper presents the writers views on the matter.
From the Paper
"Women in the International Division of Labour Maria Mies' chapter entitled "Housewifization International: Women and the New International Division of Labour" examines the role of women in the globalization of labour. I found this chapter extremely useful, as I have recently been learning about the evils attendant upon globalization, but I have not learned about the genderized nature of this movement. In fact, I realize that a gender lens has been conspicuously absent from most of what I have read, and therefore this chapter is valuable in terms of filing in that gap."
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Labour's Labor, 2006.
A review of an article discussing the impact and damage of WWII on the British economy.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how following World War II, the British economy, its social structures, and its infrastructure, were all considerably damaged by the years of war over the European continent. Unions, as Dorfman points out, entered the post-World War II era as one of the nation's policy focal points in what would otherwise have been a political vacuum (par.1). It further discusses how in the decades following the war, Unions provided the citizenry, in the form of workers, with adequate representation within the structures of government and ensured that many policies and programs were enacted that would ensure not only work related rights and assurance but also social programs. The Unions within Britain for three decades held considerable sway over policy decisions as well as policy formulation.
From the Paper
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Labor Choices of Immigrant Women, 2007.
This paper explores women immigrants and labor choices in the USA and Sweden.
1,769 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the theory of Naila Kabeer who researched Bangladeshi women home workers and maintained that these women did not exercise their own preference in their work choice. Kabeer explains that they were influenced by male domination, which in turn was impacted by societal discrimination. The paper shows that the patterns of employment and labor of immigrant women in the USA and in Sweden lend corroboration to this theory. The paper demonstrates how immigrant women face multiple levels of discrimination, most notably sexist and racist prejudice.
From the Paper
"As noted above, Kabeer has pointed out that most Bangladeshi woman in London work in the clothing industry from home, while their husbands mainly work in the clothing industry in sweatshops and factories. Kabeer researched the reason for this, and found that the Bangladeshi women's "choice" to work at home is only partly their own preference, and that it is greatly influenced by male domination and other factors. She situates this domination within the context of the racist situation in which the entire family lives."
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Women Mentoring Women, 2000.
A brief historical overview of women and their past legal, as well as an analysis of the unique influential process of mentoring and the problems that have resulted from this process.
6,535 words (approx. 26.1 pages), 52 sources, $ 150.95
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Abstract
This is an exhaustive paper examining the way that women mentor women in modern American professional society. Examines the history of the phenomenon, and gives information on how mentoring should be given and received.
From the Paper
"Women mentoring women in the workplace is a relatively new phenomenon. Woman-to-woman mentoring encompasses circumstances and rules that are specific to a female style and representative of a female culture. The workplace puts demands on our priorities and our energy that bring new factors into woman-to-woman relationships. Our identity as professional women with career responsibilities affects our interactions with other women who are also committed to improving their performance and achieving greater success. Women learning from women at work, women mentoring each other as career professionals with job and personal lives, is an emerging opportunity with enormous potential to change work and women's lives for the future (Duff, 1999, p. xv & xvi). Mentoring begins with an influence that someone has upon another person. It also can help to shape and develop a person's personality and thoughts. In research, it has been proven that women need role models that help them to pursue and conquer future endeavors in the workforce. Discovery into the differences between males and females might be a way to unlock strategies to aid in diversity counseling as well as provide positions in organizations that are solely devoted to mentorship."
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Women's Poetry and Women's Politics, 2002.
A comparison between the poetry of Muriel Ruckeyser and that of Adrienne Rich, and an exploration of their feminist messages.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the poetry of Muriel Ruckeyser, as found in her book ?The Book of the Dead?, and that of Adrienne Rich, using her work entitled "Twenty-one Love Poems". The paper gives a biographical background on each of the poets, stressing their importance to the contemporary women?s movement and to American poetry. Rich?s poems are explored for their ideas on the relationships between women, and Ruckeyser?s are studied in terms of their comparison to a documentary and in relation to her strong political view.
From the Paper
"To many, Poetry is the voice of women. It is the way in which women can express their inner thoughts and feelings, to write the things that they can not say. Poetry is more than words on paper but someone?s feelings and life poured into the readers mind. Poets let the readers climb inside their heads and taste what the poet feels, sees, and thinks.
Two major women poets that are in the inner ring of American feminist poets are Muriel Ruckeyser and Adrienne Rich. Though their poetry may be different in content, many of their messages are the same: we need to be heard. Ruckeyser?s ?The Book of the Dead? describes conditions and feelings of the Gauley Bridge tragedy through actual courtroom testimonies to words from actual citizens of the town. Adrienne Rich?s ?Twenty-one Love Poems? describes in many ways, her love of her companion as well as their struggles and times together."
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Wallace Stevens and Desire: Woman Lost--Woman Ignored, 2005.
A psychosexual and archetypal study of feminine figures in "Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens".
5,141 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 33 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the "Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens", America poet. The paper shows that desire and desired denied in this work may be interpreted through the archetypal psychology of Carl Jung to disclose the reason for Stevens' preference for places over people and to explain his ambivalence toward the abstract feminine figures in his poems.
From the Paper
"Feminine archetypes reconstruct the distant attitudes in Stevens' poetry by figuring-forth embedded emotions. First, they provide an archetypal perspective on individual poems. Second, they illustrate how, ranging from Harmonium (1923) to The Rock (1954), clusters of motifs influence the poet-hero's psychic development. Although their appearances change to fit their ambiguous roles, these singular feminine figures determine the poet-hero's canon-long struggle to achieve a regulated unity of self. Two categories need to be distinguished: (a) feminine figures and (b) the interior paramour. Their protean capability makes scrupulous demarcations between exterior feminine figures impossible, but three forms or combinations prevail: the summer maiden (Kore or lover), the universal mother or earth mother, and the maiden-mother (an overlapping maid and mother figure). The interior paramour represents a climax to the poet-hero's experience with exterior feminine figures."
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