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Women in Indian History, 2006.
A review of the portrayal of women in India's myths, legends and epics as strong and independent characters.
5,935 words (approx. 23.7 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the role that women have played in India and Indian history. According to the paper, recent studies that examined role portrayals of Indian women in magazine ads found that they are stereotypically portrayed as dependent upon men. The paper discusses how despite the stereotype that women in India were totally passive to their fate, there are many examples of women throughout India's history that present Indian women as strong and independent.
Outline:
Powerful Hindu Goddesses
Ganga and her Decent From Heaven
Durga's Victory over Mahisa
Kali- Victory over Raktabija
The Indian Epics
Mahabharata and Draupadi
The Vedic Period
Indian Women in Politics
Nur Jehan
From the Paper
"Throughout Sita's speech in Book II, Chapter 27, we find an outspoken and independent Sita directly defying her husband's wishes as she insists on keeping her wifely vows, even though it will mean her banishment as well and possible death as well. She could have taken the choice offered by her husband and stayed with his brother in safety and out of harm's way. However, her insistence on keeping her vowels, even if it meant putting our life in danger, is an unparalleled act of bravery. She refuses to be seduced when held captive and eventually takes her own life after being continually rejected. This is not the act of a weak woman. The fact that she could speak so outright against are husband also shows her status as an equal rather than a subordinate. "
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Public Choice Theory And Indian Economic History, 2004.
Applies the Public Choice Theory and Indian economic history.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Public Choice Theory and deadweight loss as they apply to Indian economic history.
From the Paper
"India's economic history has been a case study for economists of the Public Choice Theory school. The maxim held by all free market economists is that people are motivated mainly be their self-interests. Although people often do act based on their concern for other people the basic motive behind a person's actions is typically a concern for their own self. Public Choice theorists take this self interest and ascribe it to the people in power. Public Choice economists believe that people acting in the political marketplace are ..."
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Indian History, 2008.
A detailed account of the history of India, including a discussion on the influence of the various sectors of Indian society.
3,323 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the history of India beginning with the creation of the Indian National Congress in 1884. More specifically, the paper discusses India's independence, the emergence of the various political groups in the country, and the influence of the "moderates", the "swarajists". The paper also discusses the influence on India of the strong leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
From the Paper
"Gandhi's action of suspending the non-cooperation movement was severely criticized by other movement advocates and other sectors (National Indian Congress 2004, Edidin 2006). But other critics recognized its most outstanding feature as the willingness and ability of people in general to endure hardships and punishment inflicted by the government. The movement may have collapsed but its great impact survives and is destined to inspire the nation to persist on a stronger campaign. It clearly served as a basis for new faith and new hope in the people. It roused in them a new confidence in their own power to fight for freedom. Because of the movement, the Congress, for the first time, turned into a truly mass movement."
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Women in African and Indian Society, 2004.
This paper discusses women in African and Indian Society based on two novels: Chinua Achebe?s ?Things Fall Apart? and K. Markandaya?s ?Nectar in a Sieve?.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the women in both societies play productive roles, working in the fields, attending to all domestic duties, and educating the children. The author points out that, in both novels, the softer, more accepting nature of the female characters should not be mistaken for weakness. The paper relates that African and Indian cultures may place undue emphasis on the male role in society; but, as Achebe and Markandaya demonstrate, their cultures are not devoid of respect and care for their women.
From the Paper
"The interpretation that women in "Things Fall Apart" are at the mercy of a male dominated, sexist society is largely due to the character of Okonkwo, its central protagonist. Right through the text, Okonkwo is heard to constantly compare all signs of weakness to femininity, a worldview that also leads him into frequently asserting his masculinity with his multiple wives, family and community. Okonkwo?s obsession with masculinity should not, however, be taken to represent the views of African culture, as a whole."
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East Indian Women of Guyana, 2005.
This paper discusses the exploitation of East Indian women that migrated to the Caribbean in the 19th century and also looks at how these women adapted to their new life.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the migration to Guyana of East Indian women in the context of indentured servitude, racism and early capitalistic exploitation. Particular attention is paid not only to why they arrived in Guyana but also how their culture changed and adapted in order to survive in its new environment. As is argued, the culture of East Indian women in the Caribbean was historically as a consequence of indentured servitude separated from the culture of Afro Caribbean women and the broader tradition of struggle against oppression in the colony.
From the Paper
"While most Canadians' views of Caribbean islands such as Guyana are that they are populated by people of African descent whose ancestors were brought as slaves to work on plantations during the colonial era, this view ignores the significant population of East Indian descent in islands such as Guyana. These Indians were brought to Guyana in a process known as "indentured servitude" which was one of the most "successful" programs of the British imperial state of the 19th century."
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"I Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala", 2002.
Uses a comparison and contrast format to examine the controversy behind the book "I Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala".
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversy behind the Nobel Prize winning book," I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala". The author uses a comparison and contrast format to explore the issue.
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Indian women's movements - 1850-1900, 2008.
A description and examination of how historians characterised Indian women's movements between 1850-1900.
5,658 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ways historians have characterised the nationalist women's movements in colonial India between 1850 and 1900. The author has also looked at three different schools of thought as separate chapters, in order to look at the notions of practices such as sati and Purdah that were prevalent in colonial India during the time in question.
Outline:
Introduction
The Cambridge School
The Feminist School
The Subaltern Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Most of the government reports were written by men, either by British colonial officials, people appointed by the Raj or people associated with the nationalist parties like the Congress Party. They help to provide the public context of the anti-colonial movement and the British response to it, however this was the public context viewed through male only eyes and so cannot provide the entire picture.
"Furthermore, there is not much information concerning women's contributions in the domestic domain, which is central to women's experiences and so consequently is the main concern of women's writings. I will try to illuminate the work of historians who have looked at the role of women's agency both 'hidden' and 'seen', inside and outside of the domestic sphere.
"There are some perspectives that have not produced a sufficient amount of research to look at on the topic in question with one such perspective being Marxism, whereby there have been no major historical writings on the issue of Indian women."
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"I, Rigoberta Menchu: an Indian Woman in Guatemala", 2005.
This paper relates the story of Rigoberta Menchu as told in her biography "I, Rigoberta Menchu: an Indian Woman in Guatemala".
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Rigoberta Menchu, who was born a member of a poverty-stricken and oppressed community in Guatemala, writes a testimony portraying her life story and those of all the indigenous people of the Americas. The author shows that, in her book, Menchu reveals discrimination, violence and death brought against Guatemalan Indian and poor ladrino communities, who are victims of poverty and indecent injustice. The paper describes the way Menchu, her community and other suffering villages united to resist injustice and devised methods to battle the wrong waged against them.
From the Paper
"Traveling to seek this assistance cost money and the earnings from their cultivation alone could not compensate for these expenses, let alone produce enough food for all the village members to eat, so the families went to work in the fincas to pay for these needs. In the fincas, owned by the very same landowners who attempted to take over their land, laborers were treated indecently and were poorly payed for the hard work they did. Labor contractors, used as the middlemen between landowners and workers, shouted at and insulted workers and treated them with no respect. Slow workers were punished and they were not given ample time to rest."
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"Desert Indian Woman: Stories and Dreams", 2002.
A book review of the book "Desert Indian Woman: Stories and Dreams," by Frances Manuel and Deborah Neff.
2,242 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the author Frances Manuel's tribal origins, and the way that anthropologist Deborah Neff wrote the book from Manuel's spoken words, and so sometimes these words appear as poetry, trying to capture the way Manuel actually spoke them. The oral history portrays the conflicts experienced by Manuel as she tried to reconcile her native Indian world with contemporary American life in Tucson, Arizona.
From the Paper
"It is quite obvious that the book owes much of its clarity and detail to the relationship that grew between Deborah Neff and Frances Manuel. Neff notes they were more alike than different (Manuel and Neff xxxviii), and it is quite clear Manuel not only trusted Neff with the story of her life, but she felt comfortable with her, comfortable enough to relate her stories into an ever present tape recorder. The two women were friends before they began working on this project and that of course would account for the camaraderie that is clearly present throughout the book. These two women enjoyed each other's company, and respected each other, which gave them the freedom and ability to share their stories, and collaborate to share them with the world."
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Indian Women's Feminist Movements, 2008.
A review of four articles regarding the ideology of feminist movements that existed within the Indian Nationalist Movement.
2,277 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the pragmatism of the women's feminist movements in Indian history by presenting the points of view expressed in articles written by four different authors, namely: Suruchi Thapar-Bjorkert's "The Domestic Sphere as a Political Site: A Study of Women in the Indian Nationalist Movement", Carol Hills' "Nationalism and feminism in Late Colonial India: The Rani of the Jhansi regiment 1943-1945", Basu Apama's "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947", and Stephen Legg's Gendered Politics and Nationalized Homes: Women and the Anti-Colonial Struggle in India: 1930-47". The analysis and discussion of these articles represents a critical view on the nature of feminism in India during the rise of Indian nationalism during the early and middle parts of the 20th century.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Basu Apama's article "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947" dictates the state of feminist movements during a wide range of history, but provides the tenets of the feminist movement that was seen through the rise of Indian nationalism. Apama's argument for feminist liberation resides on the power of Mahatma Gandhi who actively supported the various feminist movements that sought to derail the traditional patriarchal constructs of violence as a form of opposition:
[Gandhi] claimed that women were better than men in waging nonviolent passive resistance because they had greater capacity for self-sacrifice and endurance, were less self seeking, and had moral courage.
This aspect of the women's movement helped to bring many women into the nationalist movement in India, but certainly, the pragmatic aspect of this foundation for feminist involvement only supports a patriarchal construct. One critical view of this feminist" ideology is that women were actively still performing a submissive role that could still deemed submissive to the male roles of aggression and "violence." The basis of a feminist movement in India appears to be validating the aggressive and submissive roles of women, especially when Apama defines women through Gandhi's ideology for being "less self seeking" in their agenda as a women seeking liberation. This begs the question: Were women merely being used as human shields through their typically submissive female roles in Indian nationalism? The pragmatism of Apama's article surely does not answer crucial questions as to how women were being liberated due to the often powerful men that still controlled political and traditional male roles in Indian society. Although feminist movements began to become more organized, the issue of its effectiveness is highly questionable under the policies of Gandhi in this period of history. In this manner, Apama promotes the freedom of women from the bonds of patriarchal institutions, yet there is little evidence that they made advances in reducing the often submissive stereotypes and generalizations made about them by the male donated nationalist movements in Indian history."
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Puritan and Indian Women, 2004.
A comparison of the lives of Puritan and Native American women.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the lives of Puritan and Native American women. It contends their lives were some what similar, but they were fundamentally different from each other. The paper explains that Puritan women were far lower in the hierarchy of their society than were American Indian women and had no expectations that their status would improve throughout their lives.
From the Paper
"Despite the fact that there were a number of important differences between Puritan women and women among the native peoples that Puritan settlers first encountered there were also at least some key similarities. This paper examines the ways in which the lives ..."
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Review of "Autobiography of an Indian Woman in Guatemala", 1999.
A look at the book as a triumph of the human spirit, as well as a personal narration that offers an insider's view of the social, political, economic, religious, and cultural life of an entire group of people.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 60.95
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From the Paper
?I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala" is a human story. In 1982, when this story was recorded, Rigoberta was only twentythree years old and had already witnessed and experienced a lifetime of unbelievable physical, psychological, and spiritual persecution. Her story is a testament to the strength and endurance of the human spirit under the most de-humanizing conditions imaginable. At the same time, this personal narration offers an insiders view of the social, political, economic, religious, and cultural life of an entire group of people. Through Rigoberta, a contemporary Maya community comes alive bringing with it the struggles that began with the Spanish Conquest and continue in the Guatemala of the twentieth century. "
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Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World., 2008.
A Critique of Jack Weatherford's "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World."
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that the term 'Indian giver' has come to be a synonym for someone who gives something, only to take it back. The paper further explains that it was the Indians who were forced to give to the Europeans--their knowledge about farming and fishing in the Americas and ultimately their land. The paper discusses that in Jack Weatherford's book, "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World," the exchange between Europeans and Native Americans was an unequal one, with Europeans taking of the positive benefits of the New World, while the Indians were doing all of the giving. The paper concludes that unwittingly, the Indians found themselves the recipient of the evils of European civilization, like slavery, and a disrespectful attitude to the land.
From the Paper
"According to Weatherford, the early post-Columbian contact of the Europeans with the native populace actually enabled the Industrial Revolution to change Europe, and ultimately the world. "Had Europe and America not come together through Columbus or some other connection, the industrial revolution would never have happened in the way we know it," because Europeans would never have gained access to the metals of the New World, or to Indian mines (Weatherford 57). This contact also generated the money economy of Europe and fueled a shift to a European economy based upon real, hard, convertible currency. Metal-based currency also was critical in fueling industrialism and world trade. By beginning the book with tales of South American encounters with Europe, which were particularly brutal and unequal from the beginning of the Indian-European relationship, Weatherford initiates a tragic tone, explaining how enslaved South American Indians mining gold and silver in Potosi supplied the precious metals for most of the European coins that generated wealth for the Old World at the expense of the liberty of the New World."
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Women Mentoring Women, 2000.
A brief historical overview of women and their past legal, as well as an analysis of the unique influential process of mentoring and the problems that have resulted from this process.
6,535 words (approx. 26.1 pages), 52 sources, $ 150.95
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Abstract
This is an exhaustive paper examining the way that women mentor women in modern American professional society. Examines the history of the phenomenon, and gives information on how mentoring should be given and received.
From the Paper
"Women mentoring women in the workplace is a relatively new phenomenon. Woman-to-woman mentoring encompasses circumstances and rules that are specific to a female style and representative of a female culture. The workplace puts demands on our priorities and our energy that bring new factors into woman-to-woman relationships. Our identity as professional women with career responsibilities affects our interactions with other women who are also committed to improving their performance and achieving greater success. Women learning from women at work, women mentoring each other as career professionals with job and personal lives, is an emerging opportunity with enormous potential to change work and women's lives for the future (Duff, 1999, p. xv & xvi). Mentoring begins with an influence that someone has upon another person. It also can help to shape and develop a person's personality and thoughts. In research, it has been proven that women need role models that help them to pursue and conquer future endeavors in the workforce. Discovery into the differences between males and females might be a way to unlock strategies to aid in diversity counseling as well as provide positions in organizations that are solely devoted to mentorship."
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Women's Poetry and Women's Politics, 2002.
A comparison between the poetry of Muriel Ruckeyser and that of Adrienne Rich, and an exploration of their feminist messages.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the poetry of Muriel Ruckeyser, as found in her book ?The Book of the Dead?, and that of Adrienne Rich, using her work entitled "Twenty-one Love Poems". The paper gives a biographical background on each of the poets, stressing their importance to the contemporary women?s movement and to American poetry. Rich?s poems are explored for their ideas on the relationships between women, and Ruckeyser?s are studied in terms of their comparison to a documentary and in relation to her strong political view.
From the Paper
"To many, Poetry is the voice of women. It is the way in which women can express their inner thoughts and feelings, to write the things that they can not say. Poetry is more than words on paper but someone?s feelings and life poured into the readers mind. Poets let the readers climb inside their heads and taste what the poet feels, sees, and thinks.
Two major women poets that are in the inner ring of American feminist poets are Muriel Ruckeyser and Adrienne Rich. Though their poetry may be different in content, many of their messages are the same: we need to be heard. Ruckeyser?s ?The Book of the Dead? describes conditions and feelings of the Gauley Bridge tragedy through actual courtroom testimonies to words from actual citizens of the town. Adrienne Rich?s ?Twenty-one Love Poems? describes in many ways, her love of her companion as well as their struggles and times together."
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