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"Women & Crack-Cocaine" ( J Inciardi, D Lockwood & A Pottieger ), 1999.
Evaluates author's qualitative ethnographic research methodology & techniques.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
In compiling data for their book, Women and Crack-Cocaine, Inciardi, Lockwood and Pottieger (1993) stated that data were collected based on a variety of qualitative ethnographic research techniques. In general, these techniques included: non-random sampling methods; the use of interview methods; case study techniques; and field observation methods.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the qualitative research techniques used to collect and interpret data. It can be noted here that analyzing methods used in writing books about psychosocial phenomena are important because, in any study, confidence can be placed in findings only to the extent that the research can be supported as having internal validity. The presented analysis concludes with an overall.."
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Crack Cocaine, 2004.
This paper discusses crack cocaine, a modification of the drug, cocaine.
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that cocaine is an alkaloid drug processed from the leaves of the coca shrub, which creates a feeling of well-being, self-confidence, and alertness that lasts for between ten and thirty minutes. The author points out that crack cocaine magnifies the effects of cocaine, making it quicker to have an effect, and the effects are likely to be much stronger. The paper stresses that most drug-related visits to the emergency room are caused by cocaine.
Table of Contents
What is Crack Cocaine?
Who Uses Crack Cocaine?
Popularity of Cocaine
Drug Use Comes in Waves
Still a Drug of Choice for a Lot of People
From the Paper
"McCaffrey?s report found that cocaine use had stabilized or declined in many cities. It also noted that today?s crack users are the ?aging? and the ?sick,? contrasting with the legions of healthy young people who started using it in the mid-1990s. A Department of Justice official noted that perhaps today?s young people had witnessed the havoc crack had brought to their friends and families and decided against that path.
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Crack Cocaine: A Crying Shame in the Black Community, 2002.
Analysis of the source and attempted solutions of the crack cocaine problem in the black community.
3,275 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 120.95
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Abstract
The introduction of highly addictive crack cocaine in the 1980s caused widespread devastation in inner city communities. Under a tough 1986 crack law, vast numbers of black males are serving long prison sentences, yet crack sales and crack addiction have not decreased. Despite the failure of the War on Drugs to reduce drug use or crime in inner city neighborhoods, protests that the crack law targets blacks for prosecution and long prison sentences, and evidence that the CIA was involved in introducing crack cocaine into inner city neighborhoods, the government has refused to change its tactics and take measures to actually help the black community recover from the crack epidemic.
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Crack Cocaine Addiction in Urban Canada, 2006.
A study on intervention techniques used for crack cocaine addicts in five Canadian cities.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a study on crack cocaine addiction in five Canadian cities and the use of the harm reduction model with regard to situational factors. The paper presents a comparison with pro-active de-addiction interventions in other countries and considers the view that crack addiction is a 'hopeless' problem despite a growing success rate in treatment knowledge. The paper also discusses the role of better attitudes and approaches based on less disparaging views of the addict.
From the Paper
"A study of crack cocaine in five Canadian cities imparted a sense of its relative permanence. (Fischer et al: 2005) As in the United States and Britain, Canadian crack cocaine addiction is linked directly to crime beyond the prostitution in which addicts commonly engage, and serious mental illness led by the personality disorders found in 24% of crack addicts. (Fischer et al: 2005: 260) 'Crackheads' present paranoid psychosis, depression and anxiety hard that can be difficult to distinguish from simple addictions. Doctors must discern if a person's main problem is addiction or mental illness, in thousands of vagrant persons who are psychotics-turned-addicts or addicts developing psychoses."
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The Detrimental Effects of Crack Cocaine, 2002.
The physical, mental, and social effects of crack cocaine on the stability of today's society.
1,923 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the harmful effects of crack cocaine on both the body's physical and mental health. Injury to the brain and heart are discussed, as well as a look at mental illnesses caused by the drug. Also addressed is the drug's threat to the stability of today's society.
From the Paper
"In 1996, 3.6 million Americans indulged in the dangers associated with the drug crack cocaine ( Nadelson 31 ). Along with a short-lived ?high? users experienced symptoms ranging from nausea and vomiting to death. According to NIDA?s Drug Abuse Warning Network, an average of 2500 Americans per year lose their lives due to this deadly ?treat? (The Crack Cocaine Epidemic 14 ). Even more astonishing is the number of adolescent users in the nation. A shocking 7 % of high school students admit to using cocaine, and in Miami, Florida, the average age for a person to start using the drug is 12.6 years old ( The Crack Cocaine Epidemic 17 )! The use of crack cocaine results in detrimental effects on the human body?s physical and mental well-being, as well as a serious threat to the stability of today?s society."
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Effects of Crack and Cocaine, 2002.
A look at the effects that crack and coaine have on human behavior.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper elaborates the effects of crack and cocaine use on human behavior. Cultural perceptions of crack users vs. those of cocaine users are discussed, as well as the comparative economies of crack and cocaine markets. The use of cocaine products to alleviate psychological trauma and dysphoria are discussed, as well as the causes of this dysphoria and possible connections between post-traumatic stress disorder and crack use.
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Crack Cocaine and Homelessness, 2007.
This paper explores crack addiction, mental illness and homelessness in Toronto and the treatment options available.
3,342 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the incidence of crack cocaine addiction and its relation to mental illness and homelessness. The paper researches the treatment approaches in central Canada and compares them to the more varied, successful treatments and therapies in the United Kingdom and Europe. The paper notes Canada's resigned attitude towards a form of addiction that is considered 'untreatable' or 'hopeless'. The paper reveals the need for Canada to actively encourage crack addicts to attempt recovery, to learn more about different approaches to treatment and finally, adapt them to the Toronto environment.
Outline:
Introduction
Not Just Addiction
A Second Intervention
Towards a Different Approach
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"An important dimension of the problem is the coincidence of crack addiction and mental illness. Crack addicts often present symptoms of the mood disorders and psychosis in addition to those of the personality disorders found in almost 25 per cent. (Falck Et Al: 2004:504) In homeless patients, it can be difficult to determine a primary problem of mental illness or addiction. Many vagrant schizophrenics, for example, become addicted to crack just as crack cocaine induces symptoms of paranoid psychosis in persons without histories of mental illness. Through it all, homelessness remains a key determinant of addicts' health. (Fischer Et Al: 2005:252) Awareness of crack cocaine addiction in homeless populations enhances insight into why many homeless persons remain as they are, failing to take up occasional opportunities for housing."
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Crack Cocaine Addiction and Theft of Property, 2004.
An exploration of the relationship between drug addiction and crime.
5,579 words (approx. 22.3 pages), 46 sources, MLA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of drug addiction and crime, with particular reference to crack cocaine addiction and property theft. It discusses these issues with reference to previously published literature in the form of reviews of the research conducted on this issue. The paper finds that there is a complicated link between drug use and crime, with no directly discernible causative link between the two, i.e., drug use does not necessarily lead to crime, just as crime does not necessarily lead to drug use. The paper ends by looking at various recommendations.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings/Results
Conclusions
Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Illicit drug use is widespread in the young adult population; there are, for example, around four million regular illicit drug users in Great Britain (Hough et al., 2000). The most commonly used illicit drugs are cannabis and ecstasy; large minorities of the teenage and young adult population also admit to other forms of offending, though only a very small proportion are persistent or serious offenders (Hough et al., 2000). Those who use illicit drugs are more likely than others to be involved to some degree in crime, and vice versa, however, in general there is no significant causal link between use of either cannabis or ecstasy and property crime (Hough et al., 2000)."
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Crack Cocaine, 1995.
Describes the Ingestion process, addiction, cost, effects (on the user, child of user and society), dealers, demographics, social services and treatment.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Crack cocaine use in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. The powerful effects of the drug and its widespread accessibility on the streets of urban communities have made its eradication almost impossible. Crack cocaine is highly addictive, and users require a steady supply. Consequently, crack cocaine has been implicated in rising crime rates and an increase in underground drug-dealing activity. Crack cocaine's attraction to women of child-bearing age has spawned a crisis in the nation's social welfare systems, the long-term effects of which have yet to be realized. Crack cocaine has infiltrated every segment of American society--urban, suburban, and rural--and it has taken less than a decade to do so.
The United States is in the midst of the second major drug epidemic of its history. The current epidemic began about 1965 ..."
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Cocaine vs Crack, 2006.
A discussion regarding the punishments for users and dealers of crack and cocaine.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, historically, punishments for convicted users and sellers of the drugs cocaine and crack have differed. Penalties are more severe for those individuals who use crack, although it is merely the solid form of essentially the same drug. These disparate penalties may result from several things. The paper further discusses how the most prevalent of these causes seems to be that of race. The powdered form, cocaine, is more popular among Caucasians. In addition, cocaine appears to be the drug of choice for the middle-class and above. The dangers associated with either cocaine or crack seem to differ greatly.
From the Paper
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Cocaine and Crack.
This paper questions whether cocaine and crack represent 'proletariat hunger-killers' or 'genussmittels'.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether crack and cocaine are "proletariat hunger killers," meaning the drugs are used by the public as a necessary food source, or "genussmittels," or whether they are recreational drugs, free of any valuable sustenance. The author points out that there is a close connection between cocaine and crack use and crime, which more directly reflects the proletariat hunger-killer analogy than the genussmittels terminology, although recreational cocaine users become addicted, and the drug may replace their hunger, but this is from the biological nature of the drug. The paper states that policy should focus, first, on the proletariat hunger-killer model to stop drug use in its most harmful beginning.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Drugs
The Effects
Impact and Analysis
From the Paper
"In the end, that is why the proletariat hunger killers model is more useful: More people in crime-infested areas are affected by cocaine and crack as life substitutes. They lose interest in all else, whether family, job or friends, and they focus only on the drug. In fact, they care not about the recreational aspect, as per the genussmittels model either: The highs garnered from the drug take a backseat to the fuel the drugs act as for the livelihood of the users."
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"Irrigating Crops With Seawater" ( E.P. Glenn, J.J. Brown and J.W. O'leary ), 1999.
Reviews this article on experimental study testing feasibility of such irrigation.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Glenn, Brown, and O'Leary (1998) conducted an experimental study to find and develop crops which could be irrigated by seawater. As the population of the earth increases, the production of food becomes more and more of a problem in order to feed this growing number of people. One of the specific problems facing agriculturalists is the need for water. Fresh water is needed not only for irrigation but also for other human activities, and there is no process that is effective enough at desalinization to provide the volume of water human beings need. The authors also note that the top five plants eaten by people cannot tolerate salt, and these are wheat, corn, rice, potatoes, and soybeans. Since finding enough land and water to produce the foods needed by the world is an urgent problem, the authors ask how the supply of food can be augmented. They answer that one ..."
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Cocaine Crime Sentencing, 2005.
A comparative analysis of crack cocaine versus powder cocaine sentencing disparities.
6,800 words (approx. 27.2 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 154.95
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Abstract
After a decade of contentious debate regarding the federal sentencing disparities between crack cocaine and powder cocaine, a number of significant initiatives to reform current policy have recently emerged. These include legislation introduced in Congress and a series of hearings resulting in recommendations by the United States Sentencing Commission. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the sentencing disparities with regard to crack cocaine as compared to powder cocaine. It examines the development of federal legislation creating greater criminal penalties for crack cocaine than powder cocaine and assesses recent developments, studies, and research in an effort to resolve the sentencing disparities. Finally, it offers recommendations to resolve this sentencing issue for future legislation, law enforcement agencies, and federal and local governments.
Paper Outline
Executive Summary
Introduction
Background of Cocaine
Statement of the Problem
Impact of Disparity in Sentencing
Demographic Profile of Federal Cocaine Offenders
Operational Assumptions
Statistical Analysis
Significance of the Research
Review of Related Literature
Recommendations and Hypothesis
Proposed Methodology
Proposed Data Collection
Research Findings
Results
Recommendations
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"A possible question for policy makers is whether the career offender guideline, especially as it applies to repeat drug traffickers, clearly promotes an important purpose of sentencing. Unlike repeat violent offenders, whose incapacitation may protect the public from additional crimes by the offender, criminologists and law enforcement officials have noted that retail-level drug traffickers are readily replaced by new drug sellers so long as the demand for a drug remains high. Incapacitating a low-level drug seller prevents little, if any, drug selling; the crime is simply committed by someone else."
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"The Gift of Sex" by C.L. & J.J. Penner, 2001.
Discussion & evaulation of 1981 book which is a guide to sexual fulfillment.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Penner and Penner (1981) offer the book The gift of sex, subtitled "A Guide to Sexual Fulfillment." The purpose of the book is to provide the reader with a guide for understanding his or her sexuality and the sexual relationship in marriage. The authors state on the cover that they will help focus on the following aspects of the issue:
M the physical
M the total experience
M moving past sexual barriers
M resolving difficulties
M finding help
These can also be identified as five main topics made by the book, and the authors cover each topic in detail."
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Cocaine Sentencing, 1997.
Examines cocaine industry, sentencing disparity for powder & crack cocaine offenders, & federal law biased against African-Americans.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The sentencing disparity between convictions for crack cocaine and powder cocaine is discriminatory toward African-Americans. Federal policy is responsible for this disparity, the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and Public Law 104-38 (Federal Sentencing Guidelines, Amendment, Disapproval) being the most significant contributors. Differences in the consumption and marketing patterns of crack cocaine and powder cocaine do not justify stiffer penalties. Ironically, the inequitable sentencing of African-Americans has done little to remedy the problem of cocaine trafficking in the United States.
Government officials justify the disparity in sentencing between powder cocaine and crack cocaine based on the devastating effect that the latter drug exerts at the community level. According to testimony at a recent Congressional hearing.."
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