| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "WOMEN CANADIAN OLD AGE PENSION": |
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Women and the Canadian Old-Age Pension System, 2008.
A historical overview of the Canadian old-age pension system with regards to female employees.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of the entitlement of women in the Canadian old-age pension system. The paper points out that, although at first limited, the scope of Canadian women's enfranchisement in the successive public pensions schemes instituted between 1928 and 1985 did gradually widen, allowing more and more women to receive pensions. The working premise of the paper is that this progress was foremost the fruits of women's own labors, literally as well as figuratively.
Women in effect earned the right to a pension by earning a living in increasing numbers. The paper concludes that, in order to do this, women had to overcome the prevailing social mores, prejudices, institutional resistance and male-dominated cultural stereotypes.
From the Paper
"Data from the 1901 Canadian Census records a total male population of 2,066,000 and a total female population of 1,957,000. Out of this 1,618,000 men but only 215,000 women were gainfully employed; in other words, 78.3 percent of Canadian males earned their living by working whereas only 14.4 percent of Canadian women did. (Series D107) Some thirty years later, on the heels of Canada's first full-fledged public pension, 78.5 percent of Canada's 4,206,000 men and 19.4 percent of its women were gainfully employed. The raw numbers are particularly revealing: 3,296,000 men but only 752,000 women reported having a job. Yet, even if these results are skewered by the Great Depression, there were still over three times as many women working in 1931 than 1901."
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Old Age and Interpersonal Relationships, 2004.
A look at the effect of the process of aging upon the social fabric of the nation.
2,034 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how middle-aged and senior individuals are increasingly beginning to appear as vibrant actors in society and culture, boosted both by the demographic change in the nation and the significant advances in gerontology that have so lengthened the senior years of life. It examines the question of whether people moving from middle age to old age reduce their number of interpersonal relationships and contacts with society in general or whether old age can be consistent with active participation in the creation of society.
From the Paper
"It would be absurd to suggest that aging follows the same processes in all cultures, or that it is even sociologically similar in various subcultures. The experience of a native man or woman growing into an elder of a tribal society is surely vastly different than the experience of an third-world industrial worker becoming elderly, which in turn is different than the experiences of our postmodern elderly in the information society that rules America. So this work will limit itself to discussing the phenomena of aging within mainstream American culture. Yet even within mainstream America, it appears that there are at least two distinct sorts of senior cultures, with distinct styles of aging."
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Old Age, 2002.
An insight into growing old and how the elderly are perceived.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a compare and contrast analysis of the characteristics and effects of old age on man compared to their younger fellow species. It looks at the differences in physical and psychological states and examines the dread of some at becoming old and the measures people take to try and slow down the condition. It also reviews various pieces of literature on the topic of old age and the elderly.
From the Paper
"Young people burst with energy and life. Their days are filled with physical activity, games, sports, and mischief. Older adults usually do not exhibit any mischievous traits, which may be an unfortunate side effect of aging. A little bit of playfulness can boost saddened spirits. Both seniors and adolescents seem prone to melancholy and depression; it seems that with regards to mental, emotional, and psychological health, old age and youth have much in common. Likewise, the body seems to basically begin going in reverse after middle age. Teeth and hair fall out and bones shrink."
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Depression in Old-Age, 2002.
Discusses the myth that most elderly individuals suffer from depression, disillusionment and lack of well-being.
1,588 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
While it is true that a greater proportion of individuals in nursing homes have depression than the general population, the majority of these individuals are over 80 and experience chronic illness and pain. In addition, many of them have lost their loved ones and are alone most of the day. This paper discusses the factors which lead to the popular belief that depression and lack of well-being affect anybody over the age of 65. Some of the factors discussed include media attention on the negative aspects of aging, the focus on youth and beauty and general stereotyping. The paper also looks at several studies done on the myth about a clear-cut link between growing old and losing one?s sense of well-being. The paper concludes that depression and despondency are not preset characteristics of all aging individuals. Rather, they are symptoms of other problems such as boredom, economic or social disadvantage or chronic illness.
From the Paper
"Lucille B. Bearon, Ph.D. recommends that a two-tiered approach to defining successful aging (one for healthy older adults and one for the frail) more accurately fits the realities of aging. As the older population increases in diversity, the concept of successful aging may become even more difficult to define without expanding the number of models. One solution may be to return to an earlier theme that successful aging is in the eye of the beholder. In this case, successful aging is measured by indicators of subjective well-being such as life satisfaction, happiness, morale, perceived quality of life or other related measures of negativity such as depression, anxiety, etc."
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"Her First Ball": The Themes of Youth and Old Age, 1999.
An analysis of Katherine Mansfield's short story about a girl coming of age and tasting life for the first time.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 1 source, $ 65.95
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From the Paper
"Katherine Mansfield?s short story, ?Her First Ball,? is about an eighteen-year-old girl, Leila, who is attending her first major dance. She is a girl from the country who has not yet had any experience with parties and romance; she is even called the ?country cousin? by Meg. Mansfield?s story is filled with images of life and also contains a reminder of mortality and death."
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Old Age and Human Development, 1993.
A look at the nature of aging including problems, needs, theories, cultural aspects, gender and heredity.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Human Development and the Elderly
People should not flinch at the words "aging," "elderly," or "old," but in the present American society they do. In actuality, growing older is a fact of life and can be viewed as a time of full flowering, as predictable in its stages of change as that of the infant. Many people are afraid of the final stage of life and tend to avoid dealing with it, but this is wrong, and this modern, clumsy patterned should be changed (Donavin, 1990, p. viii). Some human development theorists have discussed ideas and research concerning the stages of growth in the final era of life, and it is the purpose of this paper to summarize those concepts.
Daniel Levinson's famous work, The Seasons of a Man's Life, summarizes the lives of forty men as they moved through the..."
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Old-age, Survivors & Disability Insurance Program, 1983, 1987.
Discusses the congressional reforms of Social Security Program. Gives a background of OASDI crisis, need for reform, institutions & individuals affected, available alternatives and implementation.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" This paper analyzes the recent (1983) congressional reforms of the Old.Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Program (OASDI), better known to most people in the United States as the Social Security Program. The analysis employs a format suggested by Garry Brewer and Peter de Leon in their work, The Foundations
of Policy Analysis (1983, p. 155). Features of the 1983 reforms to be discussed, therefore, include: the background of the impending crisis in the OASDI Trust Fund; the institutions and beneficiaries affected by the reforms; the goals and objectives of reform; alternatives of reform available to the Congress. The analysis discusses, finally, the implementation of the OASDI reforms and gives an account of who "won" and who "lost" as a(...)"
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Canadian Retirement Pensions, 2008.
This paper looks at the Canada Pension Plan and Old Age Security pension that are relevant for Canadian workers.
829 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Old Age Security pension were brought into existence and explores additional, pertinent acts at the provincial level. The paper then discusses how retirees can ensure they receive CPP/employee benefits and concludes by looking at how the federal acts impact other, provincial acts. The paper highlights the importance of understanding the pension process in Canada and its dynamics.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the Canada Pension Plan and the Old Age Security Pension were both established because it was evident by the early war years that something needed to be done to assist the elderly in their declining years; in particular, these men and women simply did not have enough money to ensure themselves a comfortable, or even adequate, standard of living after retirement. With that in mind, 1951 saw section 94A added to the British North American Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867). The new addition stated that the federal government could enact laws pertaining to old age pensions along as the legislation did not affect laws administered in the provinces. One year later, courtesy the new powers granted under section 94A, the universal Old Age Security Program was put into place, but only for Canadians aged 70 and above."
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Canadian Retirement Pensions, 2007.
An analysis of the Canadian pension policy (CPP).
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the area of social policy related to retirement pensions in Canada. The paper evaluates the Canadian pension policy (CPP) and the origins of this policy, as well as major developments as this policy was implemented and administered by provincial governments, and ultimately became a federal policy nationwide. The paper also analyzes debates among scholars and policy-makers related to the origins and evolution of this policy, in order to determine why retirement pension policy is discriminatory against women and the working poor. In conclusion, the paper shows that women and the working poor are victimized by wage inequality all of their working lives, and then are victimized again because retirement pension amounts are affected by the amount the worker pays in before retirement.
Outline:
Introduction
Origins in the Context of Welfare State
Developments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The development of government pension policies in Canada was influenced by the implementation of pension programs in Europe. Social Democrats in Germany and Liberals in Great Britain were among the first to argue that elderly and ill workers deserved state assistance. The implementation of old age pensions in the UK had a significant impact on the pension debate in Canada and strengthened the position of middle class Canadians on this issue, who succeeded in convincing Canadian lawmakers that pensions should be provided to elderly Canadians. Despite the implementation of pension programs and related forms of government assistance, opponents of this policy continued to criticize it as Marxist and feminist radicalism. The corporate elite resisted by compelling the government to under-fund pension plans, ignored the reality and consequences of unequal incomes because of gender discrimination, and argued that a portion of employee income should be set aside for retirement."
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The Aging Canadian Society, 2005.
This paper analyzes the costs associated with health care in the Canadian aging society.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Canada is in the midst of a health care crisis because of the increased costs associated with an aging population. The author points out that the problem is complicated by the increased pharmacological and technological needs of elderly patients. The paper is an extensive literature review, which provides a variety of perspectives.
From the Paper
"Canada is in the midst of a health care crisis. Already facing the need for substantial changes in the health care industry, the country must also find ways to manage the increased costs that accompany to an aging population. Quite often, these issues interact with one another: how is it possible for a health care industry so in need of reform provide for the increased pharmacological and technological needs of elderly patients? In order to find solutions that will alleviate the difficulties facing both aspects of this situation, it is important to further understand how they interact."
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Canadian Pensions, 2008.
A review of the re-examinations of the pension system in Canada and the changes that have resulted from them.
1,088 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the three major re-examinations of the pension system that have occurred in Canada since the 1980s. It looks at the current system and analyzes whether any significant changes have resulted from the re-examinations. This paper argues that there has been little real change to the pension system over the last three decades.
From the Paper
"However, the difficulty in reaching definitive conclusions about issues that embrace complex matters pertaining to both finances and politics is illustrated by the fact that different theorists have completely different views as to the fundamental issue of whether there has in fact been much change in pension policies in Canada since the 1980s. On the one hand, Beland and Myles are convinced that changes have been modest, stating that "relatively little has changed to the basic pension design constructed in the 1950s and 1960s" (253). Hence, Beland and Myles are concerned with explaining why change has been so modest. Similarly, Myles and Pierson refer to pension changes in Canada quite dismissively as "modest changes" (331)."
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To Age or Not to Age, 2008.
This paper discusses plastic surgery, the media, and the public.
2,529 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that those in the media and public eye are constantly scrutinized regarding their looks and their age. Women, more so than men, are expected to appear young and vibrant, and many have turned to plastic surgery to achieve this goal. More and more men in the media, however, are also jumping on the surgery bandwagon to compete with their younger male counterparts entering the industry. The writer discusses that this move toward plastic surgery is a wonderful method of turning back the clock on aging as long as it is a voluntary, informed choice, and not done with trepidation as a desperate act to restore youth. The writer argues that having cosmetic plastic surgery should remain a personal choice and whether one decides to alter, improve, or enhance their appearance should not be a reflection, either positively or negatively on their character, as it should not on the individual who decides to forego the procedure. Although those physically attractive people in the media and in society in general often receive preferential treatment and are perceived by others as more sociable and intelligent, it is not perception that is important, but how one feels about themselves on the inside that really counts. The writer concludes that this is what should lead us regarding any decision we should make about the media, plastic surgery, and our lives in general.
From the Paper
"One such example of a female broadcaster who has refused to change her appearance is that of Stephanie Edwards, who had hosted the televised versions of the Rose Parade for many years and was the ongoing spokesperson for Lucky's Supermarkets in their broadcast and print advertisements. Her co-host for the yearly parades was a male game show host and media celebrity, Wink Martindale, who is now the spokesperson for Orbitz, a travel agency. While Stephanie's older co-host, Wink, continued to receive his 5-year contracts, Stephanie was given 1-year contracts instead. Additionally, her contract with Lucky's restricted her to radio spots only. Today, Stephanie Edwards is nowhere to be seen in television media, however, as stated Wink, looking as if he has had some "work" done himself, is successfully doing television commercials for Orbitz."
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The Canadian Senate in the Democratic Age, 2000.
This paper explores potential for the Canadian Senate to serve a more prominent role in the national political system.
1,930 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper refers to concepts of proportional representation, regional representation and asymmetrical federalism in reference to the status of Quebec in Canada. It calls for a reformed and strengthened Canadian Senate to promote provincial interests within the federal system.
From the Paper
"Still, in the current Canadian political context, the Senate does serve some functions. However, the potential exists to expand its role and structure to serve a more active role in the Canadian political system. Specifically, the Senate ought to be reformed and strengthened to promote provincial interests within the federal system. Existing models and concepts of Senate reform will be critically evaluated before a model is presented which will attempt to rectify existing problems, as well as to avoid potential failings which critics of Senate reform often predict."
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The Freedom of Aging Women, 2006.
This paper discusses the benefits of old age for women, based on the poem "When I am an Old Woman I shall Wear Purple" by Jenny Joseph.
2,655 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how we can ascertain what aging women expect their futures to be like and how they view old age by reading their poetry and other writings. In "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple," (also known as "Warning") we learn that aging women are released from the tyranny of physical beauty. They are free to tap into themselves and rediscover the old liveliness lying dormant since they were young children. The poem offers a positive approach to aging and opens a vista of freedom and possibilities. The poem makes the revolutionary statement that aging isn't so bad after all.
Contents:
Method
Analysis
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The poem is a reassurance to these women that old age has some positive aspects and is something to which they can look forward. In just a few years, they will no longer have to continue their efforts to maintain society's ideal of beauty--that is, a youthful and thin appearance. The poem, taken as a whole, also implies that it is a relief not to have to be sexually attractive to men anymore: "You can wear terrible shirts and grow more fat..." In other words, there is freedom in not having to dress for other people, particularly for the male gaze, anymore. The first time I read this poem, I was reminded of my mother. When she reached the age of 79 and her 80th birthday was coming up soon, she gave up wearing a corset because, as she quietly explained to me, "I have reached an age now where I have a right to be comfortable.""
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?Old Friends? by Tracy Kidder, 2002.
An analysis of the book "Old Friends" by Tracy Kidder which examines the way old age is viewed in America.
680 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 24.95
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Abstract
In our youth conscious society it is common to reject the wisdom of the old and to value instead only the potential of the young. This paper analyzes Tracy Kidder's book on the subject, "Old Friends" which examines the way old age is viewed in American society by focusing on two men in a nursing home.
From the Paper
"The strength that is characteristic of these two men, and the independence they exhibited in life makes their existence in a nursing home extremely difficult, where their lives, like children, are governed by routine, and their lives, like the sick, seem purposeless and aimless. Unlike the sick, there is often the attitude that the old have simply been shut away to die, now that they no longer have anything to give back to society and cannot take care of themselves alone. However, life at a nursing home continues the lives these men lived ?on the outside? rather than merely terminates it."
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