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Women in Ancient Greece, 2006.
This paper examines the role of women in ancient Greece, with a special focus on the women's festival of Thesmophoria.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the limited information about women's lives in Ancient Greece comes mainly from the poems, plays and illustrations depicting women, which were written by men because few women were literate. The author points out that, while women were excluded from many religious rites outside the home, archaeological and literary evidence indicates that there were several festivals and ceremonies, which were exclusively for the women. The paper concludes that, although the women of Ancient Greece were marginalized and had no real voice in society, they most certainly did have a great influence on the men as witnesses by the belief of men that, if the men interfered with the Thesmophoria festival, the harvest would be bad. The paper includes images of ancient Greek art depicting women.
From the Paper
"Religion in Ancient Greece was very important, although not in the way we now know religion. In Ancient Greece, religion was not presided over by theologians, priests or prophets, as most modern religions are, but rather by the artists, poets and philosophers of the time, according to Hamilton however, define is perhaps the wrong word to use, instead they "express[ed] or suggest[ed] it". The goal of religion was not to achieve a pleasant afterlife, the Greeks believed that the underworld (Hades) was a place of unhappiness, but rather to achieve "Excellence" in this life."
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Women in Ancient Israel: A Contemporary View, 2002.
This paper analyzes critically the role and position of women in the ancient Israel with reference to Hebrew Bible/Old Testament and contemporary scholarly journals and books.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the place of Israelite women in ancient days, her status and economic roles. The author states that the Israelite women could have been better, more productive citizens had their status and their environment been more favorable towards them. The author continues that understanding the role of Israelite women in ancient times has a significance place in understanding women in the modern world. She illustrates this by discussing the lives of Jewish women in the coal field economy and in the modern practices in Judaism.
From the Paper
"In the masterpiece by Adler, ?Engendering Judaism?, the author skillfully explains the hardships faced by Israelite women and the obstacles that the Jewish feminists have had to overcome: "Jewish law needed to be reconstructed to eliminate the ancient premise that women are subordinate to men, yet at the same time maintain the law. For without law there is no means to translate the stories and values of Judaism into action" (Jones et al, 58) . Hence taking into account the author?s opinion as well as what the biblical law stated above, it is evident that Israeli women were considered not only subordinate to Israeli men due to lack of women rights awareness and inaccurate interpretation of the Hebrew biblical context, it was strict adherence to the rituals, the olden day?s traditional laws and socio-economic rules that led to Israelite women?s submissive attitude towards their male counterparts for rituals play a pivotal role in shaping our concepts, attitudes, emotions, behavior and social status. For ?a ritual is a spiritual ballet?, it captures in symbols the emotions that go with an important life transition. "
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The Role of Women in Ancient Times, 1999.
A look at the roles of women in ancient times through an examination of ancient literature by Hesiod, Sophocles, Aristophanes, Homer, Virgil, and Aristotle.
3,470 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes several pieces of ancient literature in order to shed some light on the roles that women played in ancient times and how they were viewed by society. The paper examines Hesiod's "Theogony" and "Works and Days", Sophocles' "Antigone", Aristophanes' "Lysistrata", Homer's "Odyssey", Virgil's "Aeneid" and Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics". The paper concludes that, while the heroines and major female characters in these ancient works are certainly worth examination and study, it must be remembered that they are unrealistic in the light of normal ancient life, and that in reality women were barely given any attention at all.
From the Paper
"In ancient times, and in ancient Greece most of all, women were usually treated almost as less than human. Men seemed to deal with them as a necessary evil that was kept around for the sole purpose of providing sons. As F.G. Naerebout says, "Whatever else [they] may do - weaving, spinning, directing the female staff - is a pleasant extra (Naerebout 124)." Yet this was not always the case. There are cases in ancient writings where women are shown in a positive light, even cases where women are heroes. Here we shall examine separately each work in which women played a major role, either positive or negative."
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Warfare in the Ancient World, 2005.
A look at the effects of warfare in the ancient world on the development of ancient civilizations.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 12 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which warfare has had a significant effect upon the growth and development of the ancient world. It shows how by tracing the history of warfare from prehistoric times up until the late Roman Empire, it is apparent that war has had a powerful effect on philosophy politics history and rhetoric.
From the Paper
"Warfare was a powerful force in the ancient world, effecting both social development and change. Warfare has had a supreme effect on civilizations back to the beginning of recorded history and even into the prehistoric human era. One scholar on the subject points out that war is "both a law of nature and a human invention" (Garlan 23). In other words, warfare is an inescapable part of what it means to be human and yet the ways in which warfare effects social development can change from society to society. The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways in which warfare has had a significant effect upon the growth and development of the ancient world. "
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Women and Ancient Greece, 2002.
This paper discusses the oppression of women in Ancient Greece.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the roles of women in Ancient Greece, highlighting their separate and inferior status in a male-oriented society. It outlines womens' roles in the home, their political and social rights, and their status as sexual beings. Mens' social standing as a reflection of their marital status is raised.
From the Paper
"The women of Ancient Greece lived through a period of critical oppression, which would last several centuries. They were completely inferior and separated from a male society. Women were confined to the homes and restricted against free movement in the streets. Their duties were to bear children and attend to household affairs."
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The Role of Women in Ancient Mali, 2001.
A look at the role and influence of women in ancient Mali as seen through the folk tale called "Sundiata".
1,935 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 1 source, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the role of women in Ancient Mali society through the legend of ?Sundiata.? It also briefly examines the role of legends as an appropriate source for a historian. The author portrays the use of an oral folk tale as a social source.
From the Paper
"In any society with a fairly low literacy rate, oral tradition becomes the most important way to pass down the history of that society, and it generally plays an important part in the education of the members of that society. This can be seen in virtually any ancient culture: Homer?s Iliad, the legends revolving around King Arthur, even large parts of the Judea-Christian Torah and Bible are all meant not only to entertain, but to impart tradition, moral lessons, and history to younger generations, who, in turn, will pass it down to their children and grandchildren. Sundiata, an African tale about the great king of that same name in the ancient empire of Mali, is another epic story in this tradition of mythical historical tales."
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Reviewing "Women in Ancient Egypt", 2002.
This paper discusses the public and private lives and roles of ancient Egyptian women.
1,225 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the importance of women in ancient Egyptian society in Gay Robin's book "Women in Ancient Egypt". The author examines strong royal women such as Nefertiti, and Nefertiti, and discusses women in Egyptian art. The paper also looks at the subordination of females in Egyptian society, but also how they were honored by their families.
From the Paper:
"Dr. Robins, curator of Egyptian art for the Carlos Museum, reevaluates the roles and importance of women in ancient Egyptian society as depicted in the art and written records of the time. The special role of women in religious rites is also surveyed. Women in Ancient Egypt is a book that shows us what the archaeological riches of Egypt really say about how the women of Egypt lived, both in the public and private eye."??
From the Paper
"Dr. Robins, curator of Egyptian art for the Carlos Museum , reevaluates the roles and importance of women in ancient Egyptian society as depicted in the art and written records of the time. The special role of women in religious rites is also surveyed. Women in Ancient Egypt is a book that shows us what the archaeological riches of Egypt really say about how the women of Egypt lived, both in the public and private eye."
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Women in Ancient Greek Classics, 2005.
This paper reviews the role of the women in ancient Greek Classics, focusing specifically on 'Medea' and 'Agamemnon'.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at four questions of women and politics as reflected in the Greek plays 'Medea' and 'Agamemnon'. The paper discusses the relationship between women and politics, the social and political position of women, how Greek stereotypes of women further each play's dramatic action and how the presentation of women plays into the themes of each play.
From the Paper
"In ancient Greek classics, two of the most common themes involved the role of women in society and the part that politics played. The most intriguing plots occurred when these two themes intersected during a single work. Women and politics indeed come into breathtaking contact in Euripides' play, Medea. The play begins with a nurse telling of the happenings that will lead to tragedy. The action which sets the ball rolling toward tragedy is that "deserting his own children and my mistress [Medea], Jason has taken a royal wife to his bed, The daughter of the ruler of this land, Creon" (Medea 17-19). Here women are not used for love, but instead for the political clout that they might bring, in this case because of the princess, Glauce."
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Women and the Ancient World, 2004.
This paper discusses the role of women in the ancient world.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines gender role definition in the ancient world by reviewing ?Antigone? by Sophocles, ?Eumenides? by Aeschylus, and the plight of Eve in ?Genesis? from the Old Testament of the Bible. The author points out that it is evident women were placed in a secondary position and that the law was traditionally determined by men or male gods. The paper relates that the three women experienced some form of judgment: Athena with social disapproval; Eve with the punishment of pain; and Antigone with death.
From the Paper
""Antigone" reflects the earliest of the feminist portrayal of woman standing against the laws of men. Sophicles does not portray Antigone as a paragon of feminine conformity, rather, she is a woman who has never married, never borne children and is only a 'daughter' in a social order that values males and devalues females. Nonetheless, she is seen as having power through her ability to motivate others toward assuming her opinion. She has strength of character and the strength of her convictions."
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Women in Ancient Athens, 2008.
This paper considers the theories of Frederick Engels regarding the position of women in ancient Athens.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the limited rights of women in archaic Athens regarding ownership of property. The paper looks at Frederick Engels belief that women's oppression was an unnatural consequence of property relations and was essential for the survival and the privileges of men. The paper therefore shows how Engels' theory on the oppression of women confirms the formal and legal position of women in archaic and classical Athens.
From the Paper
"Law in ancient Athens forbade a woman from engaging in business transactions with money value in excess of five or six days' food for her family (Thompson 2005). Buying anything beyond that required the approval of a male guardian. Ownership of property was likewise complicated and frustrating to her. She might have owned and used a slave, clothing, furniture and jewelry every day but she could not sell or give any of them. She might have claim over land but had no right either to use or sell it. Her rights over property did not mean or include ownership (Thompson)."
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Women in Ancient Societies, 2002.
This paper analyzes the role of women in four ancient societies: Athens, Sparta, Rome and the Medieval Period.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how women were viewed in each society through their legal, social and sexual status. The paper compares and contrasts each society and concludes that, despite the restrictions placed on them by these societies, women have always been able to exert themselves in often subtle but important ways. The author shows how women were always important in how each society functioned and often were able to exploit opportunity and, at least some degree, to influence in their society.
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Contacting Cultures of the Ancient World, 2002.
Examining how the expanding cultures of the Ancient and Medieval worlds reacted to each other upon contact.
3,325 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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This paper begins by discussing how the expanding Roman Empire clashed with the Greeks in ancient times, with the result being war. It then looks at the consequences of contact between Rome and barbarians in general; how the Empire considered itself superior and the ramifications this had. The paper then discusses the contact between Christians and Muslims during the Crusades and then examines the relationship between Jews and the new religion, Christianity in the first century AD. It concludes with a discussion of the between Sung Dynasty of China and Mongols in AD 1279.
From the Paper
"In the ancient world, the most likely occurrence when a culture or concept came into contact with another culture or a transforming concept from the outside in the areas of art, religion, and politics was, pure and simple: war, and more than this, a war of conquest that served as its own legitimation. This is what happened when Roman expansionism throughout the Mediterranean area and westward into Europe encountered the long established but, by the time of Rome's first foray into Greece in 200 BC, well past the reputation and power of Alexander the Great (Spodek 154)."
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Women in Ancient Tragedy and Comedy, 2005.
Examines the way women were portrayed in ancient Greek theatre by looking at the plays "Medea" (Euripides) and "Lysistrata" (Aristophanes).
1,224 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
Both the drama of Euripides' "Medea" and the comedy of Aristophanes' "Lysistrata" seem unique upon a level of even surface characterization, to even the most casual students of Classical Greek drama and culture. The paper shows that both are female-dominated plays that were produced by male-dominated societies and written by men. Both the drama and the comedy feature strong women as their central protagonists, whom are depicted under extreme circumstances, in relatively positive lights. The paper also shows that both plays, despite their very different tones, also have an additional, unique feature in that they show 'the enemy'-or the non-Greek or non-Athenian, in a fairly positive and humane fashion.
From the Paper
"Medea's act of infanticide is far more shocking than any allegations in Aristophanes about the positive aspects of Greek unity. Unlike the withholding of sexual favors in the private sphere, Medea's act is a public act, in a world such as Greece where "women had no power: they were excluded from politics; from the army, navy, and war; from the law courts; from the Olympic and other Games; from agriculture and trade. In short, women were excluded from the male agonistic world of challenge and response, from what," was often seen as the "real world." (Arkins, 1997) Medea makes a claim as a woman for her status, now denied in the domestic sphere, as a cast off wife, in the public discourse of ruling the land."
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Oracles, Prophesies and Curses of the Ancient World, 2002.
This paper discusses that our ancient counterparts used oracles, prophesies and curses as part of their religious beliefs and observances, which served more function than modern religion.
2,295 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of some of the practices and belief among different ancient groups, focusing on the traditional cradle of civilization and the classical world. The author points that oracles are always associated with a particular place, prophecies might be generated anywhere and a curse is simply a way of getting the Gods to do one?s dirty work for one. The author concludes that when we open the paper to read our horoscope, we behave in the same manner as the ancient people finding their way to the oracle at Delphi.
Table of Contents
A Brief Survey of Oracles in the Ancient World
A Brief Survey of Prophesies in the Ancient World
A Few Curses
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A corollary to this fact is that oracles are in general associated with a single god or goddess, since deities tended to be tied to certain places or kinds of places, whereas a person might serve as a prophet, or receive prophecies from, a number of different gods or other divinities.
The fact that one had to travel to an oracle to receive wisdom from it rather than having the gods come to one to deliver prophetic information may have granted to oracles a greater sense of authority. This is related to basic economic arguments about scarcity: If prophesies could be had anywhere, but oracles were limited to a few places ? some requiring expensive sacrifices ? then oracles would often be privileged over prophesy."
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Medical Theory in the Ancient World, 2002.
A look at medical theory and its development in the ancient Greek and Roman worlds.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Greek philosophical approach to medicine, the influence Greek medicine and doctors had on the Romans and how medicine and attitudes towards medicine evolved in the Roman world with respect to the relationship between doctor and patient. It discusses the famous influential doctors or medicine men of the time such as Hippocrates and examines the medical knowledge, equipment and training that was available at the time.
From the Paper
"Professional ethics were seen as very important and were much more standard and accepted than many treatment practices which could be controversial and disagreed with. Gaining the trust of patients and the general public was seen as vital and doctors were quick to announce the hopelessness of a case if they felt they might not be able to save a patient. Accusations of murder against doctors by angry family members were common and clearly would do medical reputations and careers any good. Doctors would try to portray themselves in certain lights. Presentation was important and a confident doctor with the appearance of success would persuade patient and family of his abilities."
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